Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a member of cytokine superfamily.Recent studies reveal that the abnormality of TGF-β1 and its receptors is strongly related to genesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer.It plays an important role in early diagnosis,stage and assessment of treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

General practitioners from community health service institutions in Shijingshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Chaoyang,Fengtai and Dongcheng Districts of Beijing were selected to take the examination of chronic wounds management.Questionnaire survey was also performed on the status of community chronic wounds management,medical service motivation,influencing factors and their demand for training.Among 204 general practitioners,55 (27.0％) had mastered basic knowledge,98 (48.0％) passed the examination and 51 (25.0％) failed.The results showed that 179 (87.7％) had changing dressing service,36.8％ offered out-patient consulting service,17.6％ performed surgical debridement,only 10 (4.9％) provided home chronic wounds care service and 2 (0.9％) of them carried out long-term follow-up.According to the motivation survey,all the practitioners expressed the willingness to help the patients and win their trust.Most of the practitioners claimed no supporting from their institutions(91.7％) and chronic wounds management was excluded from daily routine.Furthermore,heavy work load(82.8％) and lack of professional knowledge(80.9％)were also considered to be main obstructive factors.The survey showed that the majority of physicians required classroom teaching (90.1％),case analysis (86.8％),operating video (92.6％) and other teaching forms.More low level doctors(97.1％)had the desire to pursue further specialist training than higher level physicians (56.7％).The results of our investigation indicate that general practitioners in community heath service institutions have strong learning motivation for chronic wounds management and systematic training of knowledge and practical skills in this field should be provided.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

Objective To investigate the detection rate of couples at high risk of bearing babies with severe thalassemia and the occurrence rate of birth defect caused by severe thalassemia among the people at reproductive age in Foshan city ,Guangdong prov‐ince .Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 17 522 preparing pregnant couples of child bearing age .Mean corpus‐cular volume (MCV) <80 fL was used as the positive indication for screening thalassemia .And 348 positive samples were detected by molecular biological technique for further analysis .Statistical analysis was conducted based on the couple′s genetic test results . Results Among the people at reproductive age ,the detection rates of couples bearing babies with Hb Bart′s Hydrops Fetalis ,He‐moglobin H disease andβ‐thalassemia were 0 .36% ,0 .47% and 0 .20% respectively ,the total was 1 .03% .The occurrence rates of birth defect caused by the above severe thalassemia were 9 .0/10 thousand ,11 .8/10 thousand and 5 .0/10 thousand ,the total was 25 .8/10 thousand .Conclusion This research illustrated the degree of damage of birth defect caused by severe thalassemia among the people at reproductive age ,which could provide valuable fundamental materials for the launch of eugenic work in this region .

Abstract BACKGROUND: Recently, microcarrier culture as a high concentration cel culture technology has been used in hepatocyte culturein vitro. OBJECTIVE:To periodicaly observe the morphological changes of human hepatocyte L-02 cultured by the spherical porous chitosan microcarrier. METHODS:The self-made spherical porous chitosan microcarrier sample as a support to culture human hepatocytes L-02 acted as experimental group; non-spherical porous chitosan microcarrier as a support to culture human hepatocytes L-02 as control group. Cels in two groups underwent cel count at regular time, and the morphological changes were observed in the experimental group, including inverted phase contrast biological microscope observation and scanning electron microscope observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The quantity of cultured cels in the two groups was increased in the first 3 days and reached the peak at the 3rd day. The cel quantity in the experiment group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the three samples of the experimental group (P > 0.05). The quantity of hepatocytes adhered to the microcarrier surface was gradualy increased in the former 3 days under the inverted phase contrast biological microscope. There were lots of cel clusters on the surface of a greater part of microcarriers, with the total survival rate of more than 90%, and hepatocytes kept a good morphological structure. Under the scanning electron microscope, lots of hepatocytes adhered tightly to each other on the surface and section of microcarrier as wel as inside the microcarrier. It is indicated that the self-made spherical porous chitosan microcarrier as a support in three-dimensional environment can undergo cel culture with high concentration.

Nitric oxide ( NO ) , cyclic guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate ( cGMP ) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase( PKG) play an important role in a variety of tissue cells. This paper reviews the related literatures about the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway and the cardiovascular diseases since the close relationship between them by summarizing the founction of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway and the affection on the cardiovascular diseases by the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway,aiming to find a new research direction of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disea-ses.

OBJECTIVE: Estrogen has cardiovascular protective effects while its adverse effects restrain its application in the therapy and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. To find a more effective and safer estrogen replacement becomes a hotspot in cardiovascular pharmaceutical researches. This paper summarized the current research situation on the cardiovascular protective effects of phytoestrogen, soy isoflavone.DATA SOURCES: Relative articles between January 1993 and December 2001 were searched by computer on Medline with the searching words of "isoflavones, atherosclerosis, vasodilation" in English, the language limitation of the articles. Simultaneously, articles between January 1994 and February 2002 were searched by computer on Wangfang Database and Chinese Journal Full Text Database with the searching words of "isoflavones,artherosclerosis, vasodilation(Chinese charcters)" in Chinese, the language limitation of the articles.DATA SELECTION: Literatures with experiments including study group and control group were selected from the data through preliminary screening to eliminate obvious non-randomized experimental studies. The full texts of the residual literatures were searched afterwards for the further judgment of ranincluded in the study. Exclusive criteria: repetitive experimental studies.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 31 randomized or non-randomized experimental articles regarding the cardiovascular protective effects of soy isoflavone were collected, of which 26 experiments were in accordance with the inclusive criteria and the rest 5 articles were exclude due to repetition of same study.DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-six experiments including clinical experiments and animal experiments, which employed in vivo or in vitro two experimental methods after the application of soy isoflavone to observe and evaluate its cardiovascular protective effects. The above two methods had its own merits and shortcomings, of which in vitro experiment was a more common method for the observation.CONCLUSION: There is no adequate evidence that can prove the definite effects of soy isoflavone on the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases in menopausal women, as well as its side effects. Researchers should do more researches on how to master the appropriate dose to make isoflavone reach effective blood concentration, and how to make the therapeutic effects become more beneficial.

Health Personnel ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control

Objective To investigate the relationship between Clq/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 9 (CTRP9)and coronary heart disease.Methods A total of 232 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease(CHD)by coronary angiography at our hospital were selected as the CHD group,and 90 cases with normal coronary angiography served as the control group.The double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine serum CTRP9 levels.Results Serum CTRP9 levels were lower in the CHD patients than in the controls [(116.9±19.5)ng/ml vs.(142.3±17.9)ng/ml,t＝-5.404,P＝0.000].SerumCTRP91evelswere negatively correlated with body mass index,fasting plasma insulin,fasting blood glucose,insulin resistanceindex(IRI),triglyceride and TNF-α(r＝-0.230,-0.225,-0.267,-0.235,-0.230and-0.222,P＝0.017,0.011,0.002,0.010,0.011 and 0.022).Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that uric acid,IRI,CTRP9,and TNF-α were independent influencing factors for CHD,of which CTRP9 was a protective factor for CHD occurrence(OR ＝ 0.907,95％C1:0.854～0.963,P＝ 0.001).Conclusions Decreased serum levels of CTRP9 are associated with coronary heart disease,indicating that CTRP9 may play a protective role in coronary heart disease occurrence.

Objective To investigate the influence of lumbar epidural anesthesia on cell apoptosis in rat kidneys with ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random,including a sham-operated group,a model group,and an anesthesia group.Then the local norepinephrine,local angiotensin Ⅱ,plasma superoxide dismutase,plasma malondialdehyde and cell apoptosis index were observed at the 24 h after the reperfusion in rat kidneys of ischemia 60 min.Results Compared to the sham-operated group,ischemia-reperfusion of kidney caused a significant increase in contents of local norepinephrine,local angiotensin Ⅱ],and malondialdehyde in the model group and anesthesia group as well as increasing in the cell apoptosis index (P ＜ 0.05),and those parameters above were lower in the anesthesia group than those in the model group (P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,the activities of plasma superoxide were higher than those in model group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The lumbar epidural anesthesia can reduce the excessive accumulation of neuroendocrine hormone in kidney,alleviate oxidative stress,which plays an important role in restraining the ischemia-reperfusion injury and cell apoptosis.