Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a member of cytokine superfamily.Recent studies reveal that the abnormality of TGF-β1 and its receptors is strongly related to genesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer.It plays an important role in early diagnosis,stage and assessment of treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

General practitioners from community health service institutions in Shijingshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Chaoyang,Fengtai and Dongcheng Districts of Beijing were selected to take the examination of chronic wounds management.Questionnaire survey was also performed on the status of community chronic wounds management,medical service motivation,influencing factors and their demand for training.Among 204 general practitioners,55 (27.0％) had mastered basic knowledge,98 (48.0％) passed the examination and 51 (25.0％) failed.The results showed that 179 (87.7％) had changing dressing service,36.8％ offered out-patient consulting service,17.6％ performed surgical debridement,only 10 (4.9％) provided home chronic wounds care service and 2 (0.9％) of them carried out long-term follow-up.According to the motivation survey,all the practitioners expressed the willingness to help the patients and win their trust.Most of the practitioners claimed no supporting from their institutions(91.7％) and chronic wounds management was excluded from daily routine.Furthermore,heavy work load(82.8％) and lack of professional knowledge(80.9％)were also considered to be main obstructive factors.The survey showed that the majority of physicians required classroom teaching (90.1％),case analysis (86.8％),operating video (92.6％) and other teaching forms.More low level doctors(97.1％)had the desire to pursue further specialist training than higher level physicians (56.7％).The results of our investigation indicate that general practitioners in community heath service institutions have strong learning motivation for chronic wounds management and systematic training of knowledge and practical skills in this field should be provided.

The significance of distributive retrieval methods of special medical resources on foreign navy networks was analyzed from the development of medical information resources and the value of medical information on foreign navy networks followed by a description of key words retrieval method, classification engine retrieval method, and link retrieval method of resources on foreign navy networks in order to speed up the development of navy special medical literature in China .

Objective To investigate the detection rate of couples at high risk of bearing babies with severe thalassemia and the occurrence rate of birth defect caused by severe thalassemia among the people at reproductive age in Foshan city ,Guangdong prov‐ince .Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 17 522 preparing pregnant couples of child bearing age .Mean corpus‐cular volume (MCV) <80 fL was used as the positive indication for screening thalassemia .And 348 positive samples were detected by molecular biological technique for further analysis .Statistical analysis was conducted based on the couple′s genetic test results . Results Among the people at reproductive age ,the detection rates of couples bearing babies with Hb Bart′s Hydrops Fetalis ,He‐moglobin H disease andβ‐thalassemia were 0 .36% ,0 .47% and 0 .20% respectively ,the total was 1 .03% .The occurrence rates of birth defect caused by the above severe thalassemia were 9 .0/10 thousand ,11 .8/10 thousand and 5 .0/10 thousand ,the total was 25 .8/10 thousand .Conclusion This research illustrated the degree of damage of birth defect caused by severe thalassemia among the people at reproductive age ,which could provide valuable fundamental materials for the launch of eugenic work in this region .

Abstract BACKGROUND: Recently, microcarrier culture as a high concentration cel culture technology has been used in hepatocyte culturein vitro. OBJECTIVE:To periodicaly observe the morphological changes of human hepatocyte L-02 cultured by the spherical porous chitosan microcarrier. METHODS:The self-made spherical porous chitosan microcarrier sample as a support to culture human hepatocytes L-02 acted as experimental group; non-spherical porous chitosan microcarrier as a support to culture human hepatocytes L-02 as control group. Cels in two groups underwent cel count at regular time, and the morphological changes were observed in the experimental group, including inverted phase contrast biological microscope observation and scanning electron microscope observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The quantity of cultured cels in the two groups was increased in the first 3 days and reached the peak at the 3rd day. The cel quantity in the experiment group was obviously higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the three samples of the experimental group (P > 0.05). The quantity of hepatocytes adhered to the microcarrier surface was gradualy increased in the former 3 days under the inverted phase contrast biological microscope. There were lots of cel clusters on the surface of a greater part of microcarriers, with the total survival rate of more than 90%, and hepatocytes kept a good morphological structure. Under the scanning electron microscope, lots of hepatocytes adhered tightly to each other on the surface and section of microcarrier as wel as inside the microcarrier. It is indicated that the self-made spherical porous chitosan microcarrier as a support in three-dimensional environment can undergo cel culture with high concentration.

Lung cancer, with growing morbidity and mortality worldwide, is one of the most malignant tumors, representing a significant threat to human health and life.The application of next-generation genomic technologies has offered a more comprehensive look at the mutational landscape across the different subtypes of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).A number of recurrent mutations such as TP53, KRAS, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been identified in NSCLC.While targeted therapeutic successes have been demonstrated in the therapeutic targeting of EGFR and ALK, the majority of NSCLC tumors do not harbor these genomic events.This review looks at the current treatment paradigms for lung adenocarcinomas (LAC) and squamous cell carcinomas, examining genomic aberrations that dictate therapy selection, as well as novel therapeutic strategies for tumors harboring mutations in KRAS and TP53 which, to date, have been considered undruggable.A more thorough understanding of the molecular alterations that govern NSCLC tumorigenesis, aided by next-generation sequencing, will lead to targeted therapeutic options expected to dramatically reduce the high mortality observed in lung cancer.

Objective To investigate the assessments from family member and nurse for nursing care needs of critical patients based on the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Methods Questionnaires regarding nursing care needs of critical patients were designed according to the Maslow′s hierarchy of needs; these questionnaires were performed to family members and nurses, and the results were analyzed. Results There was difference regarding the order of various needs of critical patients between family members and nurses; compared to nurse, family members had significantly higher scores on love and belongingness need [(4.08±0.72) points vs. (3.44±0.63) points, t=5.61, P<0.01], and had obviously lower scores on safety needs [(3.71±0.62) points vs. (3.92±0.69) points, t=2.18, P<0.05]. Conclusions The asymmetry in assessments from family member and nurse for nursing care needs of critical patients exist objectively;during clinical nursing, communication with family members should enhance and provide humanized services and management measures should be adopted to improve family members′satisfaction towards nursing service.

Objective Obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) characterized by hyperglycemia are li-able to more severe myocardial infarction .Semen Cassiae is proved to reduce serum lipid level .This study was to investigate whether the Semen Cassiae extract (SCE) reduces myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MI/R) injury with or without diabetes and the underlying mechanisms .Methods The high-fat diet-fed streptozotocin ( HFD-STZ) rat model was used as T2DM model.Normal and DM rats received SCE treatment orally (10 mg/kg/day) for 1 week.Subsequently these animals were subjected to MI /R.Results Compared with the normal animals , DM rats showed increased plasma total cholesterol ( TC) and triacylglycerol ( TG) , more severe MI/R injury and cardi-ac functional impairment .SCE treatment significantly reduced the plasma TC and TG , improved the instantaneous first derivation of left ventricle pressure and reduced infarct size , decreased plasma creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, and reduced apoptosis index at the end of reperfusion in diabetic rats .Moreover, SCE treat-ment increased the antiapoptotic protein Akt and stimulated ERK 1/2 phosphorylation .Pretreatment with a PI3 K in-hibitor wortmannin or an ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 not only blocked Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but also inhibited the cardioprotective effects of SCE .However , SCE treatment did not show any effects on the MI/R injury in the normal rats.Conclusions SCE effectively improves myocardial function and reduces MI/R-induced injury in diabetic but not normal animals , which is potentially attributable to the reduced TC/TG levels and the triggered cell survival signaling Akt and ERK 1/2 .

Objective To investigate the altered glycotransferases and glycan profile in HCV-infected cells, the expression levels of 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases were evaluated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh7.5.1 cell cultured model.Methods Western blot was used to measure the expressions of HCV-nonstructural protein NS3 and and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine HCV-RNA levels and mRNA levels of 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases.Lectin microarray was used to compare the glycan profiles of sialyltransferases-and galactosyltransferases-associated glycan-profile in Huh7.5.1 cells and HCV infected Huh7.5.1 cells.Results Among the 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases, the mRNA levels of four sialyltransferases (including ST3Gal Ⅲ, ST6GalNAC Ⅲ, ST8Sia Ⅲ and ST8SiaⅣ) and five galactosyltransferases (including B3GALT1, B3GALT 2, B3GALT3, B3GALT4 and B4GALNT2) were found to be 11-45 fold higher in HCV-infected cells compared with naive Huh7.5.1 cells.The up-regulated level of B3GALT 1 was the most evident (45-fold change), followed by ST8Sia Ⅳ and ST8Sia Ⅲ, with 39-and 37-fold respectively.Consistently, lectin microarray showed that glycans recognized by EBL (binding terminal sialic acid, Neu5Acα6Gal, 1.97-fold change), ECA letin (binding terminal galactose, Galβ1,4GalNAc,4.3-fold change), and ACA(binding terminal galactose, Galβ1-3GalNAc, 3-fold change) were elevated in glycoprotein products of sialyltransferase and galactosyltransferase respectively.Conclusion HCV infection causes the increased expression levels of mutiple sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases in Huh7.5.1 cell line and hence the upregulation of glycan profiles of the glycoproteins.These results provide potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for HCV infection and insights on the molecular mechanism of HCV infection.