Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a member of cytokine superfamily.Recent studies reveal that the abnormality of TGF-β1 and its receptors is strongly related to genesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer.It plays an important role in early diagnosis,stage and assessment of treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

General practitioners from community health service institutions in Shijingshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Chaoyang,Fengtai and Dongcheng Districts of Beijing were selected to take the examination of chronic wounds management.Questionnaire survey was also performed on the status of community chronic wounds management,medical service motivation,influencing factors and their demand for training.Among 204 general practitioners,55 (27.0％) had mastered basic knowledge,98 (48.0％) passed the examination and 51 (25.0％) failed.The results showed that 179 (87.7％) had changing dressing service,36.8％ offered out-patient consulting service,17.6％ performed surgical debridement,only 10 (4.9％) provided home chronic wounds care service and 2 (0.9％) of them carried out long-term follow-up.According to the motivation survey,all the practitioners expressed the willingness to help the patients and win their trust.Most of the practitioners claimed no supporting from their institutions(91.7％) and chronic wounds management was excluded from daily routine.Furthermore,heavy work load(82.8％) and lack of professional knowledge(80.9％)were also considered to be main obstructive factors.The survey showed that the majority of physicians required classroom teaching (90.1％),case analysis (86.8％),operating video (92.6％) and other teaching forms.More low level doctors(97.1％)had the desire to pursue further specialist training than higher level physicians (56.7％).The results of our investigation indicate that general practitioners in community heath service institutions have strong learning motivation for chronic wounds management and systematic training of knowledge and practical skills in this field should be provided.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma (IFNS) is a rare benign tumor. The management of IFNS is very challenging because of the lack of appropriate methods for preoperative diagnosis, which is often conducted intraoperatively in most cases. This article reviewed the literature on IFNS recorded in PubMed from 1958 to 2014 and described in detail its clinical manifestations, diagnoses and differential diagnoses, and treatment options. Accurate diagnosis for IFNS mainly depends on intraoperative observation and postoperative histological examination. Preoperative facial nerve function, localization, and adherence, as well as preferences of IFNS patients are important factors to consider in the decision-making process for IFNS management to optimize the outcomes. Surgical resection is usually reserved for patients with facial function of House-Brackmann grade III or worse; otherwise, conservative treatment can be adopted.
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Face ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

Aim To investigate the optimal condition for expression of pCI-neo-IL-1ra-Fc? plasmid for gene therapy and its immune response in rats.Methods Different doses(0.25,0.5,2.5 mg?kg-1)pCI-neo-IL-1ra-Fc? plasmid were instilled into lungs of rats through tracheas,then expressions of IL-1ra-Fc? fusion protein were detected at different interval times(d 4,d 7,d 20)by RT-PCR and Western blot.Through immu-nohistochemistry analysis of rat lungs,those results of optimal condition were validated.Dynamic changes of rat serum IgG level,including IgG2a and IgG1 were detected by indirect ELISA.Results IL-1ra-Fc? could be detected at 20th day after instilling pCI-neo-IL-1ra-Fc? plasmid in all dose groups.The expression level in 2.5 mg?kg-1 groups was higher than that in other two groups.IL-1ra-Fc? protein could not be expressed at 4th day,but increased at 7th day and reached maximum at 20th day after instillation.IL-1ra-Fc? gene could be efficiently expressed in rat lungs by immunohistochemistry analysis.Humoral immunity of rats was induced by pCI-neo-IL-1ra-Fc? plasmid.IgG2? expression was predominant in IgG subsets,showing that the humoral immunity was Th1-like immune response.Conclusion The optimal condition is established for gene therapy with pCI-neo-IL-1ra-Fc? plasmid which can induce Th1-like immune response in rats.

[Summary] Tumescent anesthesia is mainly used in liposuction operation and has produced an exemplary safety record for this technique to date .Now surgical applications for the technique widely vary ranging across vascular surgery , breast surgery , plastic surgery and so on .It can be used in both hospital-and day-case environments .In this review we summarized the research progress of tumescent anesthesia in respect with indications , selection and maximum dose of local anesthetics , additives use , and safety .

Objective To analyze the occurrence of sharp injuries among health care workers(HCWs),and put forward suggestions for safety management of sharp inj uries.Methods Recorded form of sharp inj uries reported in a hospital in August 2006-July 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,relevant data were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 211 sharp injuries occurred among HCWs were reported,sharp injuries mainly occurred among nurses(n=118,55.92%)and doctors(n=83,39.34%);117(55.45%)sharp injuries occurred in HCWS whose length of service was≤5 years;the main occurrence locations of sharp injuries were surgical ward(n=67,31.75%),internal medicine ward(n=65,30.81%),and outpatient as well as emergency departments(n=33,15.64%);the main de-vices causing sharp injuries were syringe needle(n=91,43.13%),suture needle(n=34,16.11%),and scalp nee-dle/transfusion needle(n=27,12.80%);the main injury-related manipulations were all types of injection(n=40, 18.95%),intravenous transfusion (n=38,18.00%),and surgical suturing/cutting (n=36,17.06%).The main opportunities of injuries was during manipulation(treatment,examination,operation,n=109,51.66%).Among bloodborne pathogens contaminated devices,contaminated by HBV,HCV,and HIV were 95 (76.61%),25 (20.16%),and 4 cases(3.23%)respectively.There was no bloodborne pathogen infection occurred.155(73.46%) of 211 HCWs were inoculated hepatitis B vaccine.Conclusion Prevention of sharp injuries should be focused on nurses and doctors who work for≤5 years,HCWs in surgical ward,internal medicine ward,and outpatient as well as emergency departments.Prevention of sharp inj uries during manipulations such as inj ection,intravenous transfu-sion,suturing/cutting should be intensified.Related hospital departments should improve the reporting process and intensify follow-up.

In this paper,we analyzed the role of the surviving caregiver on bereaved children's mental development.In bereaved family,living with mother,appropriate expression of grief,good psychological health level and positive parent-child interaction could promote the healthy development of bereaved children.Otherwise,bereaved children would suffer the secondary damage which stemmed from surviving caregiver's inappropriate reaction.Therefore,further research could explore the effect of bereavement type and the personality of surviving caregiver on the relation between surviving caregiver and bereaved children's mental development.

Classroom teaching is the focus of teaching of school and main approach to medicine course,and the quality of classroom teaching is directly related to the development of students.Thus improving classroom teaching is very important to increase integral teaching of school.This paper discusses how to increase the thinking ability of students in classroom teaching.

We have reformed the traditional pathophysiological experimental teaching from improving experimental teaching method,optimizing experimental content,updating experimental teaching material,starting design experimental and founding general examine system.