Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a member of cytokine superfamily.Recent studies reveal that the abnormality of TGF-β1 and its receptors is strongly related to genesis,progression and prognosis of lung cancer.It plays an important role in early diagnosis,stage and assessment of treatment and prognosis of lung cancer.

General practitioners from community health service institutions in Shijingshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Chaoyang,Fengtai and Dongcheng Districts of Beijing were selected to take the examination of chronic wounds management.Questionnaire survey was also performed on the status of community chronic wounds management,medical service motivation,influencing factors and their demand for training.Among 204 general practitioners,55 (27.0％) had mastered basic knowledge,98 (48.0％) passed the examination and 51 (25.0％) failed.The results showed that 179 (87.7％) had changing dressing service,36.8％ offered out-patient consulting service,17.6％ performed surgical debridement,only 10 (4.9％) provided home chronic wounds care service and 2 (0.9％) of them carried out long-term follow-up.According to the motivation survey,all the practitioners expressed the willingness to help the patients and win their trust.Most of the practitioners claimed no supporting from their institutions(91.7％) and chronic wounds management was excluded from daily routine.Furthermore,heavy work load(82.8％) and lack of professional knowledge(80.9％)were also considered to be main obstructive factors.The survey showed that the majority of physicians required classroom teaching (90.1％),case analysis (86.8％),operating video (92.6％) and other teaching forms.More low level doctors(97.1％)had the desire to pursue further specialist training than higher level physicians (56.7％).The results of our investigation indicate that general practitioners in community heath service institutions have strong learning motivation for chronic wounds management and systematic training of knowledge and practical skills in this field should be provided.

[Objective]To assess whether calcitonin exerts an chondroprotective action in unstable knees which induce experimental osteoarthritis and its effect to MMP-1.[Method]Twenty 6-month New Zealand rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament transaction(ACLT) and were divided into two groups (ACLT group and ACLT+CT group) randomly after transaction on day 7 postsurgery. ACLT+CT group rabbits received a daily subcutaneous injection of salmon calcitonin at a dose of 5 IU per kg of body weight for six weeks.ACLT group were treated with the normal saline at the same dose. All animals were sacrificed 7 weeks postsurgery. The articular cartilage degeneration of medial femoral condyle was evaluated at mascroscopically and microscopically. The mRNA expression and tissue level of MMP 1 was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.[Result]Cartilage degradation in ACLT group was significantly more severe than that in ACLT+CT group both in microscopic grading scale and in Mankin's grading scale (P

Health Personnel ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control

Intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma (IFNS) is a rare benign tumor. The management of IFNS is very challenging because of the lack of appropriate methods for preoperative diagnosis, which is often conducted intraoperatively in most cases. This article reviewed the literature on IFNS recorded in PubMed from 1958 to 2014 and described in detail its clinical manifestations, diagnoses and differential diagnoses, and treatment options. Accurate diagnosis for IFNS mainly depends on intraoperative observation and postoperative histological examination. Preoperative facial nerve function, localization, and adherence, as well as preferences of IFNS patients are important factors to consider in the decision-making process for IFNS management to optimize the outcomes. Surgical resection is usually reserved for patients with facial function of House-Brackmann grade III or worse; otherwise, conservative treatment can be adopted.
Cranial Nerve Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Face ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

The pattern/symptom differentiation system in acupuncture treatment is lack of the unique characteristics and advantages in theory and clinical practice and it just rigidly adopts the methods of pattern/symptom differentiation of the other disciplines in TCM. In fact, it is necessary to have the unique and more practical theoretic system to guide acupuncture treatment. According to the characteristics of acupuncture in diagnosis and treatment, the acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination becomes the law of acupuncture treatment. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination is the expression to concretize the diagnosis and treatment of disease under the guidance of pattern/syndrome differentiation. Both of them are originated from the general principles of TCM and for the particular disciplines of TCM. The acupoints selection based on "disease-symptom-location" combination benefits the promotion and application of acupuncture.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians

The vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are not only a mechanical barrier of blood cycle cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, but also largest and most important type of endocrine organs.Because of its mechanical barrier action It is highly susceptible to in vitro and in vivo a variety of physical and chemical factors in the injury; damaged VECsvascular endothelial cells, especially the disordered endocrine function, the inevitable imbalance to a variety of active substances secreted or related active substances, finally result in dysfunction of cardiovascular system.This article reviews many mechanisms underlying VECsvascular endothelial cell injury, investigates VECsvascular endothelial cell repair mechanisms, and study ways to protect and repair the injured VECsvascular endothelial cells, and improve the prognosis of vascular disease.

Objective To investigate the change of interleukin-5(IL-5)level and mRNA expression in peripheral blood from asthma patients during paracmasis before and after administration of taurine,and explore its clinical significance.Methods A randomized,placebo control,double blind and prospective study was conduced in 84 patients with mild to moderate asthma During paracmasis.The patients were randomly divided into group A(taurine taken orally for one year from beginning of paracmasis)and group B(placebo taken orally for one year from beginning of paracmasis).The symptom score of asthma,lung function paramcter(FEVI),IL-5 level and mRNA expression in peripheral blood were measured and rccorded before and after treatment.The results were compared with those of healthy control group(group C,n=10).Results There were significant differences in the above indices between group A and group B:symptom score of asthma(12.5 + 4.8 vs 15.2±5.1);lung function parameter[FEV1(L)2.6±0.5 vs 2.2±0.8];IL-5 level(pg/mL)(16.3±4.5 vs 26.9 ±12.7);IL-5 mRNA(0.21 ± 0.09 vs 0.35 ± 0.14).The basic level and mRNA expression of IL-5 were significantly higher in group A and group B than that in group C.The serum level and mRNA expression of IL-5 were positively correlative with symptom score of asthma in group A(r=0.42,P＜0.05).Conclusion The exists ovcrexpression of IL-5 in asthma patients during paracmasis and IL-5 level reflects the scverity of pathogenetic condition.Therefore,IL-5 measurement may provide a good reference for clinical therapy of asthma.

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease and mediated by chronic inflammation from initiation to progression. Inflammatory factors of this process, such as C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, cell adhesion molecules and tumor necrosis factor-a, not only involve in atherosclerosis-related disease process, but also indicate the risk of cardiovascular events. Inflammatory factors level plays a significant role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of atherosclerosis-related disease, such as acute coronary syndrome. Recent studies have shown that there is a marked inflammatory response after stenting, which plays an important role in the vascular remodeling process, especially in-stent restenosis. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanism and pathological changes in the process of inflammation and to study prevention and treatment of the inflammation. We believe that inflammatory processes will be new targets of therapy in preventing or treating atherosclerosis and its complications.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potentials of proliferation, multilineage differentiation and homing to injured tissue and organs. Therefore, many researchers consider them as seed cells and attempt to use them to repair injured tissues and organs. In the allo- even xero-transplantation of these seed cells, graft rejection is an important problem. A large amount of data show that MSCs have specific immune characteristics; they block dendritic cell maturation, decrease immune response of T cells, do not express class Ⅱ major histocompatibility complex molecules, and mediate immunosuppression by secreting some dissoluble factors. The specific low immunogenicity of MSCs could avoid rejection in xero-trensplantation for human and animals in vivo, showing advantages in treatment. Therefore, they are promising to be used as seed cells for kidney construction.