Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment for tuberculosis of the breast.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 78 patients with tuberculosis of the breast treated in our hospital in the past 21 years was made.Results The incidence of tuberculosis of the breast has been increasing year by year,peasants of remote mountain areas and civilian workers in the cities were the high affected groups.Misdiagnosis rate was as high as 62.9 %.Operation combined with other therapies,and selection of opportune time for operation can reduce the extent of resection,and satisfy the demands of young female patients for high quality of life.Conclusions Clinical doctors should improve their recognition of tuberculosis of the breast,increase the rate of correct diagnosis,and avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis,especially misdiagnosis of tuberculosis for breast cancer,which can cause the patients to undergo unnecessary pain and economic burden.