Insulins maintain blood glucose homeostasis in the body by stimulating glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues through glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4)translocation. Recent studies have showed that Rab proteins,as a key regulatory factor for the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane,participate in the formation,translocation and fusion of GLUT4 vesicles. This paper describes several types Rab proteins and the Rab GTPase activating protein,protein kinase B substrate of 160 kU(AS160)in terms of regulatory mechanisms for GLUT4 translocation. Studies on the translocation mechanism by which GLUT4 is regulated by Rabs aim to explain the mechanism of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes,and provide a new approach to diabetes.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important point to judge a person's state in modern medicine. This paper is aimed to research a person's fatigue level connected with vagal nerve based on the HRV using the improved Welch method. The process of this method is that it firstly uses a time window function on the signal to be processed, then sets the length of time according to the requirement, and finally makes frequency domain analysis. Compared with classical periodogram method, the variance and consistency of the present method have been improved. We can set time span freely using this method (at present, the time of international standard to measure HRV is 5 minutes). This paper analyses the HRV's characteristics of fatigue crowd based on the database provided by Physio-Net. We therefore draw the conclusion that the accuracy of Welch analyzing HRV combining with appropriate window function has been improved enormously, and when the person changes to fatigue, the vagal activity is diminished and sympathetic activity is raised.
Fatigue ; diagnosis ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVE:To study the antitumor mechanism of Ruixiang Langdu(Stellera chamaejasme L ) abstracts(SCA) METHODS:SCA-contained serum was derived from mice pre-administrated with different oral dosages of SCA and at different times after administration The effects of the serum on the proliferation of K562 leukemic cells were observed with MTT assay and clone formation RESULTS:After mixing with the SCA-contained serum derived at 1,2,4,8h after giving SCA(3,6 and 12g/kg),the rates of MTT transformation and clone formation of K562 cells were decreased significantly The SCA-contained serum 12 h after giving drug was more effective than others CONCLUSION:The SCA-contained serum inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells,which may be one of its important antitumor mechanism

Panax notoginseng (BurK.) F.H.Chen is a traditional Chinese medicinal material with a time-honored history of cultivation.There are a series of problems,such as high pesticide residues,serious disease and pest,and continuous cropping obstacles in the process of the cultivation of notoginseng.Pollution-free cultivation is an effective strategy for the sustainable development of notoginseng industry.We herein summarized three points of the pollution-free cultivation of notoginseng in this review.The standard of lands suitable for the cultivation of notoginseng was established on the basis of the analysis of medicinal plants around global producing areas.The integrated measures of soil improvement were put forward by cfficient rotation and soil disinfection with new varieties breeding combined with the management of water,light and fertilization,and the safe and low-toxic methods of disease and pest control.Additionally,the mode of wild tending should be carried out when the marker-assisted breeding of new varieties was developed,and the platform of comprehensive disease and pest control was founded.Above-mentioned points can effectively perfect and optimize the pollution-free cultivation of notoginseng and promote sustainable development of notoginseng industry.

Object To explore the antitumor mechanism of Stellera chamaejasme Linn. (SC). Methods SC containing-serum (SCCS) was derived from mice pretreated with different doses of SC. Cultured human leukemia HL-60 and human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were used. Inhibition of proliferation was measured using MTT assay. Morphological assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope. DNA fragmentation was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Expression of bcl-2 protein was measured with immunohistochemistry. Results Exposure of exponentially growing HL-60 cells to mice serum containing 10% SC (pretreated with SC 3, 6, and 12 g/kg) for 48 h resulted in growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Typical morphological changes of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells were induced. "Apobodies" in the apoptotic cells were observed, "ladder" pattern of agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from these cells was revealed, and the percentage of apoptotic cells with fractional DNA content increased from 11.7% to 57.4%. Treatment with SC containing serum decreased the percentage of SGC-7901 cells of bcl-2 protein positive expression from 78.3% to 32.9%. Conclusion SC could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells and decrease the expression of bcl-2 protein of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells.

The network teaching platform of ophthalmology of Qingdao University , as the basis construction of the national key discipline , forms a perfect and complete set of teaching system with the aid of part of course information, part of network teaching resources and part of answer and interaction. The network teaching platform focuses on the construction of network teaching resources and answer and interaction. In the college teaching of ophthalmology, through building clinical teaching resource database and discussing on network platform, we carry out interactive and discussion-based teaching, and students can prepare before class and discuss after class. The application of network teaching platform of ophthal-mology in classroom teaching and teaching feedback can improve the teaching methods , deepen the teach-ing content, implement the sharing of teaching resources, and lay a solid foundation for ophthalmology teaching reform.

AIM:To investigate the role of caveolin-1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1).METHODS:Immunofluorescence, real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the mRNA and the protein expression of caveolin-1 in the 16HBE cells during EMT.The influence of siRNA-mediated silencing of caveolin-1 on EMT in the 16HBE cells was detected by Western blot.RESULTS:Caveolin-1 was widely present on the cell membrane of the 16HBE cells.The expression of caveolin-1 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in the 16HBE cells compared with control group (P<0.05) after stimulation with TGF-β1.The morphologic changes of the 16HBE cells induced by TGF-β1 were promoted by caveolin-1 silencing compared with TGF-β1 group.The protein expression of E-cadherin and α-SMA induced by TGF-β1 was promoted by caveolin-1 silencing compared with TGF-β1 group (P<0.05).The phosphorylation levels of AKT and Smad3 were the highest at 30 min and increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.05) after stimulated with TGF-β1.Treatment of the 16HBE cells with TGF-β1 for 30 min after silencing caveolin-1 gene for 24 h significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of AKT and Smad3 compared with TGF-β1 group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:TGF-β1 down-regulates the expression of caveolin-1 in the 16HBE cells.Caveolin-1 may participate in TGF-β1/Smad pathway and PI3K-AKT pathway, which are the signal transduction pathways for TGF-β1 inducing EMT.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of prophylactic application of 3 different antibiotics on prognosis in patients underwent breast lesion resection. METHODS:1 066 patients with breast lasion resection from 12 hospitals of Shaanxi province were divided into trial group(360 cases),control group A(352 cases)and control group B(354 cases)according to random num-ber table. Trial group was given first generation cephalosporin cefazolin;control group A was given second generation cephalospo-rin cefuroxime;control group B was given third generation cephalosporin cefoperazone sodium and tazobactam sodium. The dosage regimens of 3 groups were as follows:relevant drug 2 g added into 0.9%Sodium chloride injection 100 ml,ivgtt,0.5 h before sur-gery,medication course≤24 h after surgery in trial group. Those indexes of 3 groups were observed,such as post-operative ADR, incision healing,infection,hospitalization duration,phamaceutical costs per capita. RESULTS:There was no statistical signifi-cance in the rate of incision healing and the rate of post-operative infection among 3 groups(P>0.05). The incidence of post-opera-tive ADR,hospitalization duration and phamaceutical costs per capita in observation group were significantly lower or shorter than in control group A and B,with statistical significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Cefazolin is better than cefuroxime and cefo-perazone sodium and tazobactam sodium to reduce the postoperative adverse reaction,antibiotics cost per capita and hospital drug cost per capita,shorten the hospitalization duration.

Object To explore the antitumor mechanism of Stellera chamaejasme Linn.(SC).Methods SC containing-serum(SCCS)was derived from mice pretreated with different doses of SC.Cultured human leukemia HL-60 and human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were used.Inhibition of proliferation was measured using MTT assay.Morphological assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope.DNA fragmentation was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry.Expression of bcl-2 protein was measured with immunohistochemistry.Results Exposure of exponentially growing HL-60 cells to mice serum containing 10% SC(pretreated with SC3,6, and 12 g/kg)for 48h resulted in growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.Typical morphological changes of apoptosis and DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells were induced."Apobodies'in the apoptotic cells were observed,'ladder"pattern of agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA from 11.7% to 57.4%.Treatment with SC containing serum decreased the percentage of SGC-7901 cell of bcl-2 protein positive expression from 78.3% to 32.9%.Conclusion SC could induce apoptosis of HL-60 cells and decrease the expression of bcl-2 protein of gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells.

Objective To investigate the related factors of speech intelligibility in the prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation. Methods 47 prelingually deafened children who had received cochlear implantation and their families were investigated with questionnaires and analyzed with Fisher test. Results The age when cochlea implanted, the age when hearing aided, the time after the cochlear implantation and the time the cochlea opened were related with their speech intelligibility rating. Conclusion Suitable time for implantation, the hearing aid and making reasonable rehabilitation programme play a crucial role in the hearing rehabilitation of prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation.