Objectives To analyse the etiology and clinical characteristics of syncope in children. Methods The clinical data of 128 children with syncope were retrospectively analyzed. Results According to the definition of syncope and supporting test results, 20 cases of non-syncopal conditions were excluded. In 108 cases of syncope, there were 70 cases (64.81%) of neurally mediated syncope, 8 cases (7.41%) of cardiogenic syncope, and 24 cases (22.22%) of unexplained syncope. Eighty-five cases (78.71%) had incentives before the onsets. Twenty-one cases (19.44%) had the family histories of syncope. One case (0.93%) had the family history of sudden death. The neurally mediated syncope and cardiogenic syncope had the feature of recurrent attacks. The VVS were preceded by limbs weakness, pale complexion, darkness in front of eyes, hearing loss, nausea and chest pain, the POTS by palpitation, chest pain and weakness, the OH by darkness in front of eyes, pale complexion and hearing loss, and the car-diogenic syncope by precordial discomfort, pain and chest pain. Conclusions The VVS is one of the most common cause of syn-cope in children. The onsets of the various types of syncope often have incentives and are preceded by some symptoms. Most of them have the feature of recurrent attacks.

Objective To compare the curative effect and safety of non-X-ray fluoroscopic radiofrequency catheter ablation and conventional X-ray fluoroscopic radiofrequency catheter ablation in treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia by Ensite Velocity three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system.Methods One hundred cases diagnosed as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in this hospital during 2014-2016 were selected and randomly divided into the control group (conventional X-ray exposure) and the experimental group(non-X-ray exposure by three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system),50 cases in each group.The operation time,X-ray exposure time,complication rate,immediate and follow-up success rate were compared between two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the operation time between the two groups (P＞0.05),but the X-ray exposure time in the experimental group [(0.46±0.14) min] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(13.87 ±4.03) min] and the complication rate (0 ％) was also significantly lower than that of the control group (8.00％);the immediate success rate (98.00 ％) was significantly was significantly decreased compared with the control group[(0.46± 0.14)min vs.(13.87 ±4.03)min],the complication rate was significantly lower than that in the control group(0 ％ vs.8 ％),the immediate success rate was significantly higher than that in the control group(98.00 ％ vs.84.00 ％),the follow up success rate was also significantly higher than that in the control group (94.00 ％ vs.74.00 ％),the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Using Ensite Velocity three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping system to conduct radiofrequency catheter ablation has an ideal clinical effect in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,which is safe and reliable.

Objective To compare the effects of different right ventricular pacing sites on left ventricle systolic function in elderly patients with sick sinus syndrome (SSS).Methods A total of 78 elderly patients with SSS were selected in our hospital from 2014 to 2016,and were divided into the right ventricular apical group (RVA group,40 cases) and right ventricular outflow tract group (RVOT group,38 cases) according to sites of right ventrieular pacing.The QRS duration,accumulative total right ventricular pacing percentage and left ventricle function indicators were compared between the two groups before operation and 3,9 months after operation.Results There was no statistically significant difference in QRS duration and left ventricle function indicators before operation between the two groups (P＞0.05).The QRS durations in the RVA group at 3,9 months after operation were longer than those in the RVOT group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference was found in accumulative total right ventricular pacing percentage at 9 months after operation between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).At 9 months after operation,the left ventricular ejection fraction in the RVOT group was higher than that in the RVA group,and the left ventricular end diastolic diameter was lower than that in the RVA group,there were statistically significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion The effects of RVOT pacing on left ventricle systolic function in elderly patients with SSS is superior to the RVA pacing.

OBJECTIVEThis study will explore whether reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in TGF-β1-induced JNK activation, pulmonary fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I and III synthesis.

METHODSPulmonary fibroblasts were randomly divided into control (0.4% serum) and TGF-β1 (5 µg/L) groups to detect whether TGF-β1 could induce pulmonary fibroblast proliferation, synthesis of collagen I and III, phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK) and 8-OHdG (indicator of ROS); while in the part to explore whether NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, antioxidants) has the inhibitory role in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibroblast, it did control (0.4% serum), H2O2 (0.1 mmol/L, positive control), H2O2+NAC (10 mmol/L), TGF-β1 (5 µg/L), TGF-β1+NAC groups. Pulmonary fibroblast proliferation, 8-OHdG levels, expressions of JNK and collagen I and III were used by MTT assay, immunofluorescence and western blot respectively.

RESULTSIn the experiments to detect the effect of TGF-β1 on pulmonary fibroblasts, compared with control, TGF-β1 significantly stimulated pulmonary fibroblast proliferation and increased collagen I and III protein, p-JNK and 8-OHdG levels. In the next experiments to explore whether NAC has the inhibitory role in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibroblasts, compared with control, pulmonary fibroblast proliferation and the levels of collagen I and II, p-JNK, 8-OHdG were all significantly increased in H2O2 and TGF-β1 groups; while these changes were markedly blocked with the treatment of NAC.

CONCLUSIONTGF-β1 induces pulmonary fibroblasts to generate ROS, which contributes to JNK activation and pulmonary fibroblast proliferation as well as collagen synthesis, while ROS inhibition suppresses this effet of TGF-β1 in pulmonary fibroblasts.

Acetylcysteine ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; Collagen Type I ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lung ; cytology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism