Objective To study the correlation between dopamine and glutamate receptor NMDA NR_1 and NMDA NR_(2A),and to share the understanding of the mechanism of dopamine in the synaptic complex of inner hair cells.Methods Forty guinea pigs were divided randomly into four groups and the whole intacochlear perfusions were performed.The perfused cochleas were taken out as preparations 2 hours after perfusing,the contralateral cochleas were also taken out as the normal control group in the group perfused with artifical perilymph solutions.All the preparations were divided into 5 groups:①normal control cochleas;②perfused with artificial perilymph solutions;③perfused with artifical perilymph solutions containing 10 mmol/L dopamine；④perfused with artificial perilymph so lutions containing 30 mmol/L dopamine；⑤perfused with artifical perilymph solutions containing 50 mmol/L dopa mine.The semi-quantitive RT-PCR was used to observe the difference in the amount of glutamate receptor NMDA NR_1、NMDA NR_(2A).Results Dopamine inhibited the compound action potential(CAP),the increase of CAP threshold was observed and correlated with the contentration of dopamine in the perfusion solution.Regarding the amount of glutamate receptor NMDA NR_1 mRNA,there was no significant difference between group ① and group ② (P＞0.05).But a significant difference was observed the other 3 groups when compared to group ①(P＜0.05).No significant difference was detected among the 5 groups in the amount of glutamate receptor NMDA NR_(2A) (P＞0.05).Conclusion Dopamine may inhibit the cochlear auditory afferent nerve.The significant correlation between dopamine and glutamate receptor NMDA NR_1 was observed,the amount of glutamate receptor NMDA NR_1 decreased along with the increasing of the contentration of dopamine in the perfusion solution.And there was no significant correlation between dopamine and glutamate receptor NMDA NR_(2A).

0.05).The operating time in group A was 106?22.3 min,94.1?29.3 min in group B and 81.6?22.3 min in group C.There were no significant differences between group A and B,or between group B and group C,but there was significant difference(P=0.009) between group A and group C.The was Two cases of dura tear occurred at operatiom and one case was converted to open discectomy in group A.There were three cases of reoperation in group B.There were no intra-and postoperation complications in group C.[Conclusion]From the learning curve of lumbar microendoscopic discectomy,surgeons can master such skill only after performing 30 or more cases of lumbar microendoscopic disecetomy.

Objective To define the indications of direct transpedicular lag screw to treat traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis (Hangmans fracure) and to evaluate the result of the technique. Methods From February 1998 to December 2000, 22 patients with acute traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis were treated. Ten of them achieved anatomic reduction by skull traction but no acceptable stability was ensured by traction alone. Among the ten patients, eight had integral and normal shaped C2 vertebral bodies (6 male, 2 female; age ranged from 18 to 42 years with an average of 28.2 years; 5, 2 and 1 patients classified as type Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅱa injuries respectively according to Levine-Edwards classification and graded as D spinal injury in 2 cases and E in 6 cases according to Frankel scale) were further fixed with transpedicular lag screw. Under general anesthesia, the patients were laid in prostrate decubitus in a prepared head-neck-chest ventral plaster plate with skull traction in place to maintain reduction and lateral image intensification was applied to confirm the reduction. A posterior midline incision from C1-C3 was performed, and soft tissue was released to expose clearly the lamina, lateral mass, superior and medial aspect of the C2 pars interarticularis (isthmus plus pedicle). Points of entry for screw insertion were located at the entrance at the posterior aspect of lateral mass. The drill bit is parallel to both of the medial and superior border of C2 pars interarticularis (usually 25?-30? cephalad to the transverse plane and 30?-35? medial to the sagittal plane). The screw hole in the posterior cortex was overdrilled with a 3.5 mm drill bit for interfragmentary compression. 3.5 mm screws (25-30 mm, determined by depth gauge) were drived in after the cortex being tapped with a 3.5 mm tap. The whole procedure was done under monitoring of "C" arm fluoroscopy for safety and accuracy. Results It costs an average of 70 minutes to finish the procedure with mean blood loss of 250 ml. Hospital stay was about 18 days. A mean follow up time of 14 months (11 to 18 months) didnt confirm any early or late postoperative complications, all cases gained bony union 3 months later with complete neurological function recovery. The range of neck rotation was restored normal with no C2,3 instability or screw loosing found. Conclusion With appropriate indications, transpedicular lag screw fixation provides good reduction and stability to Hangmans fracture. This technique can only be applied to the fractures which are reductable.

Objective To evaluate expression of HDAC2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)from glucocorticoid-resistant versus glucocorticoid-sensitive patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and identi-ty the relationship between the level of HDAC2 and glucocorticoid insensitivity.Methods PBMCs were collected from10 patients with deviation of nasal septum (control group)and 20 sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients be-fore and after intratympanic methylprednisolone for 10 days.We divided the SSNHL patients into 2 groups (GC sensitive group and GC insensitive group)according to their hearing recovery.Real time PCR and HDAC2 Assay Kit were used to detect the expression level of HDAC2 mRNA and HDAC2 activity in PBMCs.The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software.ResuIts Before intratympanic methylprednisolone,the level of HDAC2 activity were sig-nificantly depressed in SSNHL patients,while the HDAC2 mRNA expressing much higher than the control group. The expression level of HDAC2 mRNA increased significantly after intratympanic methylprednisolone.The HDAC2 activity in GC sensitive group increased significantly.ConcIusion Knockdown of HDAC2 expression induces corti-costeroid in-sensitivity.Glucocorticoids can increase the expression of HDAC2 mRNA.HDAC2 activity can be down-regulated by post-translational modifications.

This study was aimed to establish a rabbit model of bridging artery defect with autogenous vein under equal arterial and venous compliances by selecting an appropriate anastomosing tension based on assessing the influence of vessel's longitudinal strain on compliance. The exponential form P = M1 x [eM2(v-v0)-1] was employed to fit the blood pressure-unit volume curves under different stretch ratios(lambda) obtained from real curves on 13 femoral arteries and 12 veins whose uniaxial loading tests at longitudinal directions had been performed, then the quantic M = a1 lambda 5 + a2 lambda 4 + a3 lambda 3 + a lambda 2 + a5 lambda + a6 was done to fit M-lambda data. Results showed the differential form dv/dp = 1/(M1 x M2 + 11.78 M2) derived from P = M1 x [eM2(v-v0)-1], and lambda reflected the relationship between compliance and stretch ratio (or longitudinal tension) under average artery pressure 11.78 KPa well. It was found that under longitudinal tension 1.19 g, the arterial and venous compliances were equal(0.031 microliter/KPa) while the respective stretch ratios were 1.32 and 1.67.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Compliance ; Femoral Artery ; physiology ; Femoral Vein ; physiology ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits

Objective To evaluate the reliability of axial view of patella with the knee joint flexed at 60 and 90 degrees on imaging diagnosis of patellar subluxation with DR (digital radiography). Methods 60 cases confirmed patella subluxation were reviewed retrospectively. In addition to routine anteroposterior and lateral DR views, axial DR views of patella with the knee flexed at 60 degrees and 90 degrees were taken meanwhile. Results Of the 60 cases, 45 failed to provide any patellar problems, while the other 15 cases revealed suspicious imaging view of patella subluxation in their normal AP and lateral DR views. In the axial DR views of patella with the knee flexed at 60 degrees and 90 degrees, 50, 4 and 6 cases revealed subluxation, suspicious subluxation and normal alignment of patella. Conclusion Axial DR view of patella with the knee joint flexed at 60 and 90 degrees could provide helpful roentgenographic information in determining the existence of patella subluxation.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of medical service patterns at Grenada station of Mission Harmony-2015 so as to provide reference for future overseas services in similar island countries .Methods After detailed analysis of actual conditions of the countries visited and efficient communication with host country health organizations , we made an appropriate adjustment of the medical service pattern , which involved multi-site screening of general patients , followed by intensive checkups and treatment aboard the hospital ship .Results The procedure of diagnosis and treatment was streamlined and the efficacy of medical services was significantly enhanced to meet the maximum medical demand of local residents.Grenada became a station with the largest number of patients who received top-quality fee-free healthcare during Mission Harmony-2015 .Conclusion Adjustment of medical service patterns according to the actual conditions could deliver a desired effect during overseas missions .

Objective To observe the effects of tetrandrine on the proliferation,migration,and invasion of melanoma cell B16,and to explore its effects on epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)and potential regulatory mechanisms.Methods(1)The proliferation of B16 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay after 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 μmol·L-1 of tetrandrine intervention for 24 and 48 hours.The colony formation ability of B16 cells was detected by plate clone formation assay after 1,2 and 4 μmol·L-1 of tetrandrine intervention;the migration and invasion ability of B16 cells was detected by cell scratch assay and Transwell invasion assay;the expressions of N-cadherin,Vimentin and E-cadherin related to EMT in B16 cells were detected by Western Blot assay.The mouse melanoma lung metastasis model was replicated by tail vein injection of B16 cells to observe the effects of tetrandrine(50 and 100 mg·kg-1)administered by gavage on the number of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs of mice.(2)The CTD,SwissTargetPrediction and Similarity Ensemble Approach databases were used to predict the targets of tetrandrine;the GeneCards database was used to search for targets related to melanoma disease;the intersection of these two databases was taken as the potential target of tetrandrine for melanoma treatment.The intersected targets were imported into STRING database to construct protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and screen the core targets;the intersected targets were imported into DAVID database for GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis;and molecular docking between tetrandrine and the core targets was verified by Autodock software.(3)In vivo experimental validation:after intervention of 1,2 and 4 μmol·L-1 tetrandrine,Western Blot method was used to detect the expression of the key pathway AKT/NF-κB/CREB pathway-related proteins;and AKT agonist SC79 was used to validate the replication experiments.Results(1)The IC50 of B16 cells intervened by tetrandrine was 4.273 and 4.085 μmol·L-1 at 24 and 48 hours.Compared with the control group,the colony forming ability,scratch healing rate and invasion rate of cells in the 1,2 and 4 μmol·L-1 tetrandrine group were all significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001);the expressions of cellular Vimentin and N-cadherin protein expressions were significantly down-regulated(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),and E-cadherin protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P＜0.01,P＜0.001).Compared with the model control group,the number of melanoma lung metastatic nodules was significantly reduced in the mice in the high-dose group of tetrandrine(P＜0.05).(2)A total of 60 potential targets were obtained for the treatment of melanoma with tetrandrine;core targets such as AKT1,TNF,CCND1,RELA,CASP9,CHUK,and CREBBP were further screened,among which AKT1 was the most strongly interacting target;the signaling pathways such as apoptosis,FoxO,TNF,PI3K-AKT,and NF-κB were mainly involved.The molecular docking showed that tetrandrine had strong binding activity with AKT1,TNF,RELA and other core targets.Compared with the control group,protein expressions of p-AKT/AKT,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κ B p65,and p-CREB/CREB were significantly down-regulated in the cells of the tetrandrine 1,2,and 4 μmol·L-1 groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);protein expressions of p-AKT and p-NF-κB p65 were significantly up-regulated in the cells of the SC79 group(P＜0.001).Compared with the SC79 group,protein expressions of p-AKT,p-NF-κB p65,and p-CREB were significantly down-regulated in the cells of the 2 μmol·L-1 tetrandrine+ SC79 group(P＜0.001).Conclusion Tetrandrine may inhibit the proliferation,migration,invasion and EMT of mouse melanoma by regulating the AKT/NF-κB/CREB pathway,and thus inhibit the lung metastasis of mouse melanoma.