In the present study, the accuracy of the 4-dimensional model single photon emission computed tomography (4D-MSPECT) and quantitative gated single photon emission computed tomography (QGS) was investigated for assessing left ventricular end-diastolic (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) from gated myocardial perfusion imaging (G-MPI) using left ventriculography (LVG) as reference. From December 2008 to June 2011, 85 patients, who underwent rest G-MPI and LVG (within 30 days) in West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were retrospectively recruited. EDV, ESV, and EF were calculated from G-MPI using 4D-MSPECT and QGS. Eighty-five patients (47 men, 38 women; age 57 +/- 13 years) were finally analyzed. Correlation between results of G-MPI and LVG was high for EDV, r = 0.89 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.81 (QGS); ESV, r = 0.97 (4D-MSPECT), R = 0.95(QGS); EF, r = 0.95 (4D-MSPECT), r = 0.93 (QGS). 4D-MSPECT and QGS underestimated EDV significantly compared with LVG [(125 +/- 20) mL (4D-MSPECT), (118 +/- 39) mL (QGS), (131 +/- 33)mL (LVG)]. The ESV, 4D-MSPECT and QGS values did not differ significantly from LVG [(47 +/- 32) mL (4D-MSPECT), (53 +/- 29) mL (QGS), (49 +/- 37) mI (LVG)]. For LVEF, only QGS yielded values were significantly lower than LVG [61% +/- 21% (4D-MSPECT), 55% +/- 17% (QGS), and 63% +/- 19% (LVG)]. EDV, ESV, and EF as determined by 4D-MSPECT and QGS from G-MPI agree well with relevant values with LVG. However, Algorithm-inherent also showed slightly over- or under-estimation of volumes. Therefore, separated normal databases should be set up for each algorithm.
Aged ; Algorithms ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Regression Analysis ; Software ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective:To study genetic diversity in endangered medicinal plant Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae of Gansu,then to provide theoretical evidence for the sustainable development and reseanable use.Methods:The-20℃Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae iced leaves for enzyme extraction,electrophoresis,staining and analysis POPGENE software.Results:9 of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae wild populations of 151 individuals through the eight enzyme systems and 12 enzyme loci analysis showed that lower levels of genetic diversity existed in Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae.Each point the average number of alleles locus(A)was 1.1,the percentage of polymorphic loci(P)was 20.17,and the GST was 0.1352,suggesting that 86.48%of the total genetic diversity was distributed within populations.Conclusion:Considering the relatively low levels of genetic deversity in Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae populations and the many seedlings regenerating in the smallest population,we recommend in situ conservation in Tianshui,Ziwuling to maintain viable Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae populations in their original habitats.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the whole plant of Hedyotis corymbosa.Methods The compounds were isolated by column chromatography,pre-TLC,and recrystallization.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.Results Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as(+)-lyoniresinol-3?-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅰ),quercetin(Ⅱ),esculetin(Ⅲ),scopoletin(Ⅳ),hedyotiscone A(Ⅴ),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅵ),protocatechuic acid(Ⅶ),vanillic acid(Ⅷ),syringic acid(Ⅸ),(+)-vomifoliol(Ⅹ),(-)-dihydrovomifoliol(Ⅺ),S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(ⅩⅡ),and alizarin 1-methyl ether(ⅩⅢ),respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ—ⅩⅢ are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective:To observe the changes of TLR4 and IL-6 expression in rats hippocampus CA1 region in remote ischemic postconditioning(RIP) and explore its significance.Methods: All the 72 male SD rats were divided into Sham group,Contrast group and RIP group randomly.Each group was divided into 4 time points:12h,24 h,48 h and 72 h group.There were 6 rats in each group.Use the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model which was established with modified Longa method as the contrast group.The method of RIP was to Fasten rats Posterior limbs by a tourniquet for 30 min immediately,then relax them for 30 min, repeat 3 times.To observe the pathological variation of hippocampus CA1 region by HE dyeing;to test the expression of TLR4 and IL-6 by immunohistochemical staining.Results: Compared to contrast group, neuronal loss and swelling reduced significantly in RIP group.Compared to sham group, the TLR4 and IL-6 expression in contrast group and RIP group increased significantly ( P<0.05 ) .Compared to contrast group,the TLR4 and IL-6 expression in RIP group reduced significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion:RIP dose have protective effect on cerebral ischemia.The effect may be associated with the inhibition of TLR4 and IL-6 expression.

Objective·To investigate and compare the clinical characteristic of non-organic dyspnea and asthma both with complaint of dyspnea.Methods·Seventy-four consecutive patients with non-organic dyspnea,and 74 age-,height-,weight and sex-matched patients with asthma were recruited for investigation in the study.The self-assessment surveys were conducted for the two groups by means of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,Nijmegen Questionnaire and Athens Insomnia Scale.The words for describing dyspnea,clinical symptoms,effective sleep hours and items of pulmonary function test were collected and analyzed Results·Non-organic dyspnea patients tended to describe psychogenic aspects.Asthma patients tended to describe airflow limitation.Non-organic dyspnea group mainly performed psychogenic symptoms.The sleeping time in non-organic dyspnea group was significantly lower than that in asthma group(P＜0.05).The score of anxiety,depression,Nijmegen Questionnaire,Athens Insomnia Scale,FEV1,FEV1％Pred,FVC％Pred,FEV1/FVC in non-organic dyspnea group were significantly higher than those in asthma group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in FVC between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion·The non-organic group feel more anxiety,depressed and insomnic than the asthma group.Lung function test of asthma group is often abnormal.To discriminate non-organic dyspnea with asthma,clinicians should pay more attention to emotion,sleep,somatoform symptoms,medical history and so on,and do pulmonary function test,improve the understanding of the characteristics of the two diseases,decrease misdiagnosis and wrong diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcomes and toxicities of elderly nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with conventional radiotherapy alone.MethodsFrom January 1995 to December 1998,95 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeai carcinoma with age ≥65 years treated in our hospital.The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Kaplan-Meier method was used for analysis of local-regional control survival and distant metastasis-free survival. The Logrank test was used for univariate prognostic analysis and Cox regression was used for multivariable prognostic analysis.ResultsThe follow-up rate was 98％.The 3-,5- and 8-year local-regional control (LRC) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 89％,87％,84％ and 85％,79％,79％,respectively. The most common acute toxicities were grade1-2 leukopenia (36％),skin reaction (64％) and mucositis (66％).The most frequent late toxicities were hearing impairment (8％),trismus ( 10％ ) and radiation-induced cranial neuropathy (5％).In univariate analysis,interruption of radiotherapy ( χ2 =7.45,P =0.006 ) and regional neck lymph nodes response (χ2 =4.17,P=0.041 ) was the prognostic factors for LRC,T stage (χ2 =4.16,P=0.032),N stage ( χ2 =4.66,P =0.031 ) and interruption of radiotherapy ( χ2 =9.42,P =0.002 ) was the prognostic factors for DMFS. In multivariable analysis,interruption of radiotherapy and the regional neck lymph nodes response were the prognostic factors for LRC (χ2=6.19,P=0.013 and χ2=12.16,P=0.002;respectively),N stage and radiotherapy interruption were prognostic factors for DMFS.(χ2=15.06,P =0.000 and χ2 =21.62,P =0.000 ; respectively ).ConclusionsConventional radiotherapy alone for elder NPC can produce satisfactory results with acceptable treatment-relative toxicities.Our experience showed that the early N stage,without radiotherapy interruption and good regional lymph nodes response had a good longterm prognosis.

Objective To improve the diagnostic accuracy of primary renal rare benign tumors by exploring and analyzing the CT/MRI and clinical pathologic features.Methods 9 patients with primary renal rare benign tumors pathologically proven lesions after operation who had CT or MRI exams with contrast were enrolled in our hospital.The radiological and clinical pathological features of all tumors were analyzed respectively.Results The cases were the mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of kidney (MESTK),cystic nephroma(CN),renal leiomyoma(RL)and renal oncocytoma(RO)respectively.Location:6 cases were in left kidney and 3 in right kidney.Size:long diameter 2.5-8.9 cm,mean 5.7 cm;short diameter 2.5-8.4 cm,mean 4.9 cm.The tumor shape included oval(n=7) and irregular(n=2).9 cases protruded from the renal surface.MESTK showed polycystic lesions on preconstrast,various degrees of cystic wall and septum enhancement were detected on enhancement scans.CN showed cystic lesions and calcification on preconstrast, slight septum enhancement were detected on enhancement scans.RL showed heterogeneous density or signal with patchy necrosis and clear border on precontrast,the obvious enhancement was found on cortex and medullary phase and slight washout enhancement was detected on excretory phase.RO showed heterogeneous hypointense on T1 WI,hyperintense on T2 WI and mixed isodensity and hypodensity on CT precontrast.Slight delayed enhancement was found in central scar and washout enhancement was detected in parenchyma on three phases.Conclusion There are some special CT/MRI characteristics for primary renal rare benign tumors,which could improve their diagnosis and differential diagnosis combined with the clinical pathological features.

BACKGROUND:Numerous diseases like cardiac hypertrophy and intervertebral disc degeneration are known to be implicated in the changes of mechanical stress acting on surrounding tissues or cells, and autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of mechanical factors on autophagy in different tissues and the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby providing references for the research of autophagy and the prevention and treatment of related diseases. METHODS:A search of Web of Science and PubMed databases was performed for the literatures addressing the effects of mechanical factors on autophagy using the English keywords ofautophagy, mechanicaland the articles were summarized systematically. Finally, 52 literatures were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanical factors make great effects on autophagy of various cells, such as myocardial cells, endothelial cells, chondrocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Autophagy is a self-protective reaction, and the mechanical stress of physiological conditions induces autophagy to maintain cellhomeostasis, normal function and survival. The mechanism of autophagy induced by mechanical stress may involve PI3K-AKT-mTOR, oxygen free radical, AKT-FoxO and other pathways, and the definite mechanism needs to be further studied.

To investigate the biological characteristics of mycobacteriophage Leo and its bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis for cocktail therapy ,we observed mycobacteriophage plaques after amplifying phage by double‐layer agar plate method .The morphological characteristics were observed by electron microscopy .Mycobacteriophage Leo DNA was extracted and then digested by restriction enzyme to identify the nucleic acid type .Leo was amplified in different multiplicity of infection (MOI) to find the optimal MOI and the minimum MOI .One step growth experiment was carried out to find the latent period and burst size of Leo .The frequency of Mycobacterium smegmatis mutation treated with mycobacteriophage Leo was inspected by the endpoint titration test .The effect of temperature and alcohol on Leo survival was surveyed .The ability of Leo to crack host bacteria at different pH values was examined .The effect of Leo on Mycobacterium tuberculosis was determined by bacteri‐cidal assay .Results showed that the Leo plaque was round and transparent with a diameter of 1 .5 nm .Leo has an isometric head (70 ± 3 .0 nm in diameter) and a flexible tail (211 ± 31 .7 nm in length) .Its genome could be digested by restriction en‐zyme of Hind Ⅲ and Bgl Ⅰ .The optimal MOI and the minimum MOI of Leo were 0 .000 01 and 0 .000 1 ,respectively .The mutation frequency was 10-7 .The latent period was 150 min ,and the burst size was 74 .Leo could not only crack host bacteria in solid medium at pH 7 .4 but also at pH 5 .0 .After 72 hours ,the amount of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Leo group was less than that in control group (P<0 .05) .In conclusion ,Leo has a bactericidal effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis and could be a candidate of phage cocktails .

Objective To observe the changes of the totle nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in brain tissue,the metabolism of arsenic speciations in urine and the totle contents in blood,brain after rats drinking water containing different doses of arsenic.Methods Forty SD rats were divided into 4 groups according to random number table,10 rats in each group:control group,5 mg/L NaAsO2 group,10 mg/L NaAsO2 group and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 group.The animals were allowed free access to water and food.Body mass was weighted once a week.Expose to arsenic was continued for three months,then the animals were put to death and their blood,urine and brain tissues were collected.Determination of four kinds of speciations of arsenic (3 valence inorganic arsenic,iAs3+;5 valence inorganic arsenic,iAs5+;monomethylated arsenic,MMA;dimethylated arsenic,DMA) in urine was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Total arsenic concentration in blood and brain tissue was detected by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.The activity of total NOS in blood and brain tissue was detected using the spectrophotometer method.Results ①Weight:at the 5th-12th week after arsenic exposure,compared with the weight of control group [(420.93 ± 21.13),(441.52 ± 28.85),(462.45 ± 30.57),(470.16 ± 31.17),(484.92 ± 32.93),(483.79 ± 29.63),(482.02 ± 29.14),(483.89 ± 29.31) g],weight of rats in 50 mg/L NaAsO2 group [(391.66 ± 32.88),(410.17 ± 33.47),(426.96 ± 33.49),(427.15 ± 32.20),(441.78 ± 33.69),(438.27 ± 33.05),(440.98 ± 33.33),(441.46 ± 32.45) g] was significantly lighter (all P ＜ 0.05).② Urine arsenic:the medians of iAs3+ content (0.00,57.30,236.33,857.80 μg/L) were compared between control group,5,10 and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 groups,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =31.982,P ＜ 0.01);the medians of iAs5+ content (0.00,0.00,80.75,162.90 μg/L) were compared between control group,5,10 and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 groups,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =24.206,P ＜ 0.01);the medians of DMA content (12.83,1 711.13,l0 386.20,37 038.90 μg/L) were compared between control group,5,10 and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 groups,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =34.338,P ＜ 0.01).③Blood arsenic:total arsenic content in serum of rats [(5.04 ± 1.57),(25.40 ± 7.33),(32.28 ± 7.75),(56.11 ± 19.87) mg/L] was compared between control group,5,10 and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 groups,the differences were statistically significant (F =27.78,P ＜ 0.05).④Brain arsenic:total arsenic content in brain tissue of 5,10 and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 groups [(0.57 ± 0.20),(1.56 ± 0.52),(3.63 ± 0.48) μg/g] was respectively compared with that of control group [(0.11 ± 0.06) μg/g],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).⑤NOS activity:compared with control group [(27.69 ± 5.56) kU/L],total NOS activity [(33.63 ± 2.26),(34.19 ± 2.55) kU/L] in serum of rats in 10 mg/L NaAsO2 group and 50 mg/L NaAsO2 group increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05);compared with control group [(1.79 ± 0.79) U/(mg·prot)],total NOS activity [(2.63 ± 0.60)U/(mg ·prot)] in brain tissue of 50 mg/L NaAsO2 group increased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions A high dose of arsenic exposure can increase totle contents of arsenic in blood,brain and the activity of total NOS in rat brain tissue.