Objective To investigate the relationship of the metastasis-associated genes and its copy numbers variation in the highly metastatic human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line HO-8910PM. Methods The differentially expressed genes and its copy number variation between HO-8910PM cell line and normal ovarian tissues was detected by human genome UI33A 2.0 gene chip and human mapping 10K array 2.0 gene chip, and the data was analyzed by bioinformatics. Some of metastasis-associated genes were validated the results of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and cDNA chips by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and real-time quantitative PCR. Results Integrate analysis of two gene chips data showed that there were 385 differentially expressed genes in the same and 379 SNP positional point (6 of them, included 2 genes) between HO-8910PM cell line and normal ovarian tissues, these copy number amplification of 379 SNP positional point of chromosome were ≥3, which had 240, deletion ≤ 1 had 139. Chromosome location analysis showed that there were 385 differentially expressed genes located at all chromosomes, and 261 of them ( 67.8%, 261/385 ) located at 10 chromosomes, included that 34 (8.8% ), 33 ( 8.6% ), 28 (7.3%), 27 (7.0%), 25 (6.5%), 24 (6.2%) of them located at chromosome 3, 2, 9, 10, 1 and 11 respectively, and 23 (6.0%) of them at chromosome 6 and 12 each, 22 (5.7%) of them at chromosome 4 and 5 each. For the function of differentially expressed genes, the results showed that 99 (25.7% ) genes belonged to the family of enzymes and their regulators, 54 ( 14.0% ) genes associated with signal transduction, 50 (13.0%) genes associated with nucleic acid binding, and 36 (9.4%) genes associated with protein binding. Conclusion We have demonstrated that there are 4 kinds of differentially expressed genes related to metastasis of ovarian cancer, which belonged to the families enzyme and its regulator, nucleic acid binding, signal transduction and protein binding, and located at chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12.

Endodontic treatment with the use of dental operating microscope is a difficult part in teaching. We have applied cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) guided technology for microendodontic training of dental students who are in their 5th year of the 7 year course to pursue their master's degree. The process of teaching is constituted of preoperative analysis, operation guided by CBCT, postoperative therapeutic evaluation. And the result of teaching quality is acquired by questionnaire. This method improved student's capacities of analysis and solution in intractable cases and greatly motivated students' participa-tion, as well as promoting their learning efficiency. The application of this technique in teaching process compensates the deficiency of traditional teaching method by shaking off the fetters of experience-dependent pattern in the endodontic microscope teaching, and is worth to be popularized in endodontic education.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on biomodification of demineralized dentine substrate, in its permeability, hydrophobicity, and inhibition ability to collagen enzymatic degradation.

METHODSThe dentine substrates were treated with simulated pulpal pressure created by mixtures of 0.02%, 0.1% EGCG/bovine serum albumin (BSA) in acidic environment (pH4.4) for 48 h. A fluid-transport model was used to measure the fluid permeability through demineralized dentine substrate. Positive replicas of dentine substrate were fabricated before and after being subjected to acidic environment for scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. The blank group contained no EGCG and the positive group were treated with Gluma desensitizer. Static contact angle measurements on demineralized dentin and 0.1% EGCG primed dentin were performed by contact angle analyzer. The priming time were 60 s, 120 s, 0.5 h, 1 h. Dentine specimens bonded with Adper single bond 2 were subjected to 100 mg/L collagenase and observed under SEM. Resin-bonded specimens (with 0.02%, 0.1%, 0.5% EGCG priming, or without EGCG priming) were created for micro-tensile bond strength evaluation (MTBS). Resin-bonded specimens after thermol cycling were created for MTBS evaluation.

RESULTSThe fluid permeability in the blank control group increased ([151.3±22.3]%), the fluid permeability in 0.1% EGCG/BSA group decreased ([23.7±6.3]%). Compared to the blank control group, the contact angle of 120 s, 0.5 h, 1 h groups increased by 31.0%, 53.5%, 57.8% in deep dentin and 37.4%, 59.3%, 62.4% in shallow dentin. The SEM examination showed that 0.1% and 0.5% EGCG priming for 120 s significantly increased dentin collagen's resistance to collagenase. The immediate MTBS of 0.1% and 0.5% EGCG groups were (29.4±4.8) and (19.8± 4.9) MPa. After thermol cycling, the MTBS of 0.1% and 0.5% EGCG groups were (19.9±5.1) and (15.3± 6.3) MPa.

CONCLUSIONSUnder acidic environment (pH4.4), the 0.1% EGCG can reduce dentine permeability under acidic environment. The 0.1% EGCG can increase hydrophobicity of dentin substrate, and strengthen dentin substrate's resistance to collagenase hydrolysis, thus increased the resin-dentin bonding durability.

Acid Etching, Dental ; Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Collagen ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Collagenases ; pharmacology ; Composite Resins ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; Dental Pulp ; Dentin ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Dentin Permeability ; drug effects ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Glutaral ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Methacrylates ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Pressure ; Resin Cements ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; pharmacology ; Tensile Strength ; Time Factors

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial activity to Streptococcus mutans of a nisin-containing single-bond universal adhesive. Methods: Nisin was mixed into the bonding agent to produce concentrations ranging from 0.01 g/mL to 0.05 g/mL for the experiments, and adhesive without nisin was used as the control. Dentin-resin specimens were prepared for the microtensile strength test to evaluate changes in the bonding strength. The proper concentrations were selected for more tests. ① An agar diffusion test was applied with filter paper to detect the release of nisin, and adhesive without nisin was used as the negative control, 0.01 g/mL Nisin aqueous solution was used as the positive control. ② Solidification; resin adhesive specimens were prepared for the assessment of direct contact inhibition activity. ③ Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to examine the effect of the adhesive on the biological film activity and the ability of Streptococcus mutans to produce extracellular polysaccharides. Results : Nisin did not significantly reduce the bond strength of the modified adhesive at 0.01-0.03 g/mL (P < 0.05); these concentrations were selected for the subsequent antibiosis experiment. Rings could not be observed in the agar diffusion test, except for in the group of adhesive modified with 0.01-0.03 g/mL nisin. Resin adhesive with 0.01-0.03 g/mL nisin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of Streptococcus mutans on the surface of the specimens. The confocal laser scanning microscopy results indicate that only the adhesive resin modified with nisin could reduce the bacteria in the biofilm and the production of extracellular polysaccharides. Conclusion Single-bond universal adhesive with 0.01-0.03 g/mL nisin can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and its biofilms on the bonding interface, as well as decrease the production of extracellular polysaccharides, and thus has the potential to decrease the occurrence of secondary caries.

Colorectal tumors often create an immunosuppressive microenvironment that prevents them from responding to immunotherapy.Cannabidiol(CBD)is a non-psychoactive natural active ingredient from the cannabis plant that has various pharmacological effects,including neuroprotective,antiemetic,anti-inflammatory,and antineoplastic activities.This study aimed to elucidate the specific anticancer mechanism of CBD by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell ATAC sequencing(scATAC-seq)technologies.Here,we report that CBD inhibits colorectal cancer progression by modulating the suppressive tumor microenvironment(TME).Our single-cell transcriptome and ATAC sequencing results showed that CBD suppressed M2-like macrophages and promoted M1-like macrophages in tumors both in strength and quantity.Furthermore,CBD significantly enhanced the interaction between M1-like macrophages and tumor cells and restored the intrinsic anti-tumor properties of macrophages,thereby preventing tumor progression.Mechanistically,CBD altered the metabolic pattern of macro-phages and related anti-tumor signaling pathways.We found that CBD inhibited the alternative acti-vation of macrophages and shifted the metabolic process from oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway and related downstream target genes.Furthermore,CBD-mediated macrophage plasticity enhanced the response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1)immunotherapy in xenografted mice.Taken together,we provide new insights into the anti-tumor effects of CBD.

Dental fluorosis is the most common and prominent symptom in the early stage of chronic fluorosis, which is caused by excessive fluorine intake during tooth development. In severe cases, it may be accompanied by skeletal fluorosis. There are also systemic damages to the nervous system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system and so on. The pathogenesis of dental fluorosis is not totally clear, which may be a complex pathological process involving both genetic and environmental factors. The prevalence of dental fluorosis has an upward trend arround the world, thus certain public prevention and treatment strategies need to be taken. This article focuses on the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis and scoring system, as well as the public prevention and treatment strategies, of dental fluorosis, so that to provide reference for the research and prevention of the disease.

Objective To investigate the functions of sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) in the process of collagen biomimetic mineralization.This would allow future applications to other collagen matrices such as bone collagen or 3-D collagen scaffolds.Methods Glass cover slips and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids were coated with reconstituted type Ⅰ collagen fibrils.Mineralization of the reconstituted collagens was demonstrated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM using a Portland cement-containing resin composite and a phosphate-containing fluid in the presence of PAA and STTP.The rest were immersed in a biomimetic remineralization medium without PAA and/or STTP (control).Results In the presence of PAA and STTP in the mineralization medium,intrafibrillar mineralization based on the non-classical crystallisation pathway could be identified.Mineral phases were evident within the collagen fibrils as early as 12 h after the initially-formed amorphous calcium phosphate nanoprecursors were transformed into apatite nanocrystals.Collagens at 72 h were heavily mineralized with periodically arranged intrafibrillar apatite platelets.Conversely,only large mineral spheres with no preferred association with collagen fibrils were observed in the absence of biomimetic analogues in the medium (control).Conclusions Intrafibrillar apatite deposition can be achieved via biomimetic mineralization system containing PAA and STTP when amorphous calcium phosphate precursor is stabilized.

Objective To compare the shaping quality in curved canals of two single-file technique systems with other two traditional full-sequential systems.Methods Eighty mature molar canals with the curvature between 20 and 45 degrees were randomly divided into four groups.Specimens in each group were prepared to size 25 at working length using A(Reciproc),B(OneShape),C(MTwo) and D(Revo S),respectively.Each canal was scanned by micro-computed tomography before and after preparation.Parameters including changes in dentine volume,percentage of uninstrumented area,degree and tendency of transportation were analyzed.The operating time was also recorded.Results In full canal length,there was no difference in canal dentine removal,instrumented percentage and transportation degree among four groups(P＞0.05).In the apical 4 mm region,group A removed more dentine[(2.14±0.76) mm2 of canal surface area and (0.38±0.15) mm3 of canal volume] than groups B and C(P＜0.05).At 1 mm level,median of transportation degree of group A was 0.05 (0.03) mm,which was smaller than other groups(P＜0.05).Groups A and B took (86.3±24.6) s and (85.9±21.3) s,while groups C and D took (147.4±28.3) s and (126.3±27.7) s srespectively to finish preparation.Single file techniques were significantly faster than the two fullsequential systems(P＜0.01).Conclusions Compared with the continuous rotary systems,the reciprocating single-file system A showed better apical shaping ability.Both single-file techniques were more efficient than full-sequential systems for curved canal preparation.Single-file techniques appear to be the effective and efficient method for curved canal preparation.

Objective To evaluate the sealing properties of three resin-based sealers,EndoREZ,RealSEAL and RealSEAL SE.Methods Forthy-eight extracted human anterior teeth with single root and canal were prepared using ProTaper files with crown-down technique to F3.The teeth were filled with three sealer respectively with hot gutta-percha vertical condensation technique simulating the clinical situation.Leakage quantity was detected using computerized fluid filtration meter with 10 samples in each group.The cross section morphology of apical parts of roots of 5 mm was observed with scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope in 3 samples of each group,respectively.Results The leakage quantity of EndoREZ,RealSEAL and RealSEAL SE were (2.61 ± 0.60),(1.43± 0.11) and (1.76 ± 0.18) μl/min,respectively.The gaps between the the sealer and the canal wall were increased in in order of RealSEAL,RealSEAL SE and EndoREZ.No obvious demineralized dentin under EndoREZ and the smear layer was not completed removed.The partly demineralized dentin was observed under RealSEAL and the smear layer was totally removed.The partly demineralized dentin was seen under RealSEAL SE and the majority of smear layer was removed.Conclusions Among the three resin-based sealers,RealSEAL has the best sealing properties,followed by RealSEAL SE and EndoREZ.

Background::Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus is a common allergen causing allergic diseases in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of D. pteronyssinus extracts produced by Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) for the skin prick test (SPT) in the diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy. Methods::A total of 910 subjects with allergic diseases were prescribed D. pteronyssinus SPT and specific sIgE (sIgE) test among the Outpatients of Department of Allergy, PUMCH from August 10, 2015 to August 30, 2017. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed according to the results of D. pteronyssinus-sIgE detection. The accuracy of D. pteronyssinus extracts used for SPT in the diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy was evaluated under different cutoff values. Adverse events after SPT were recorded to evaluate safety. Results::There were 796 and 618 subjects in the full analysis set (FAS) and the per protocol set (PPS), respectively. The areas under the curve of FAS and PPS were 0.871 and 0.873, respectively. According to the ROC of PPS, the optimal and 95% specificity diagnostic cutoff values of D. pteronyssinus SPT mean wheal diameter were 3.25 and 3.75 mm, respectively. No adverse events occurred. Conclusion::The extracts of D. pteronyssinus for SPT were simple, highly accurate, and safe and should be considered for recommendation in the clinical diagnosis of D. pteronyssinus allergy.