This study was aimed to introduce the key link in the process of granulating of small-dose methyl can-tharis amine tablets. Combined with practical experiences in daily jobs, related literatures in recent years from the fineness of raw materials, choice of main materials mixing, selection of adhesive, drying methods and grain quality were analyzed. The results showed that in order to ensure the content uniformity of small-dose tablets and conform to requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the fineness of raw materials should be appropriate; the main supple-mentary material must be evenly mixed with enough time; the choice of adhesive should be scientific and reasonable;the drying method should be practical; and the grain quality should meet the technological requirements.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors and improve potency methods of chymosin, to verify the stability and applicability of the national standard of chymosin.Methods The effects of different formula milk powder substrate and enzyme concentration on the determination of the activity of chymosin were studied.3 ×3 dose-response parallel line method was established.The results were compared with the different methods of absolute and relative methods.Results The different formula milk powder had a significant effect on the determination of the absolute potency of the activity of chymosin.The concentration of the enzyme was a power function relationship with the milk clotting time.Compared with the absolute potency, reproducibility of the relative potency of the results was better in different laboratories.The suitable doses in 3 ×3 dose-response parallel line method were 0.35,0.44,0.55U/mL.The confidence limit rate was less than 5%.The potency of the national standard of chymosin (140712-201302) was not significantly different between 2013 and 2015.In a certain dose range, the dose-response of the national standard of chimosin and gastropylor complex or lamb'tripe extract was linear, and the two lines were parallel.Conclusion A lot of factors can affect on the potency of chymosin.Relative potency is determinate by reference standard which can eliminate the influence of different substrates, different operators and endpoint judgment on the determination in order to make results have comparability between laboratories.The test design of 3 ×3 dose-response parallel line can control the test deviation better than the single point determination.The stability of the national standard of chymosin(140712-201302) is good, and is suitable for the potency of chymosin of the products of gastropylor complex and the extract of the lamb.

Objective To establish the chromogenic substrate method to determine the activity of cytochrome C.Methods Used TMB as the chromogenic substrate, reacted at 37 ℃ for 15 min, generated the yellow products, and detected the absorbance at 450 nm.The experimental design method is the 4 ×4 parallel line quantitative analysis.ResuIts The activities of cytochrome C injection samples have been determined.The linear regression equation was Y=0.9875 X -1.0221,R2 =0.9996.The accuracy and repeatability were 1.1 % and 3.6 %.ConcIusion The chromogenic substrate method was simple operation, sensitive and can be used to determine the activity of cytochrome C.

Objective To analyze re-treatments of recurrence after the pelvic floor repair surgery.Methods The protocol and the effect of re-treatments were investigated by reviewing and analyzing the clinical data of 81 recurrent patients (grade Ⅱ and above),who had received the pelvic floor repair surgery from January 2011 to January 2016.Pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system (POP-Q) and two questionnaires about quality of life [pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire short form (PFIQ-7)] were used to evaluate objective and subjective efficacy,respectively.Results Among 81 recurrent patients who were followed up for a median of 35 months (10-69 months),78 cases (with prolapse up to grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ) were treated by surgical operation with both objective cure rate and subjective satisfaction being 100％ (78/78);3 cases (with grade Ⅱ prolapse) were treated by pelvic floor electrical stimulation biofeedback,and 1 case among the three cases had the vaginal foreign body sensation,the subjective satisfaction was 2/3.The methods of surgical operation for the 78 recurrent patients included:total pelvic floor reconstructive surgery (55 cases;3 of which involve trachelectomy),anterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (2 cases),posterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (3 cases),Y-mesh sacral colpopexy (2 cases),colpocleisis (11 cases),vaginal hysterectomy combined posterior fornix forming (3 cases),and vaginal hysterectomy combined posterior pelvic reconstructive surgery (2 cases).Conclusion The extent of recurrence,the recurrent site and complications must be carefully considered and evaluated for re-treatments of recurrence after pelvic floor repair surgery,and then an appropriately individualized re-treatment protocol could be designed for each of the patients.

Objective To study the role of ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil in neovascularization of human high malignant breast cancer .Methods Human high malignant breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and tumor-bearing nude mice established with MDA-MB-231 were treated with different doses of ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil .Epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) expression level was examined by Western blotting and the RNA expression levels of neovascularization related molecules such as EGFR , vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), metalloproteinases(MMPs), thrombospondin(TSP-1), platelet derived growth factor( PDGF) , fibroblast growth factor ( FGF) were detected by Real-time PCR.Results Both ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil inhibited the expression of EGFR in vitro and in vivo in a dose-dependent way.Both compounds induced down-regulation of VEGF and up-regulation of TSP-1 at RNA level.The effect of Ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil was more significant than that of ganoderma lucidum spore oil .Conclusion Both ganoderma lucidum spore oil and ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil inhibite the expression of neovascularization related molecules and increase the expression of molecules inhibiting neovascularization , whereas the effect of ganoderma lucidum extraction spore oil is more obvious .

BACKGROUND:Numerous diseases like cardiac hypertrophy and intervertebral disc degeneration are known to be implicated in the changes of mechanical stress acting on surrounding tissues or cells, and autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of these diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of mechanical factors on autophagy in different tissues and the underlying molecular mechanisms, thereby providing references for the research of autophagy and the prevention and treatment of related diseases. METHODS:A search of Web of Science and PubMed databases was performed for the literatures addressing the effects of mechanical factors on autophagy using the English keywords ofautophagy, mechanicaland the articles were summarized systematically. Finally, 52 literatures were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanical factors make great effects on autophagy of various cells, such as myocardial cells, endothelial cells, chondrocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Autophagy is a self-protective reaction, and the mechanical stress of physiological conditions induces autophagy to maintain cellhomeostasis, normal function and survival. The mechanism of autophagy induced by mechanical stress may involve PI3K-AKT-mTOR, oxygen free radical, AKT-FoxO and other pathways, and the definite mechanism needs to be further studied.

Objective To investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods After 14 days of the calcium hydroxide training, the cytoskeletal changes of hDPSCs, the expression of β-catenin, i.e. the key promoter of in the Wnt signaling pathway, and the cell localization were detected by laser scanning confocal technique. The Wnt signaling pathways were up-regulated and inhibited, and the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of hDPSCs were detected by Western Blot and alizarin red staining after 14 days of the training. Results The cytoskeleton of hDPSCs was rearranged by the effect of calcium hydroxide, and theβ-catenin migration from nucleus to cytoplasm were observed. The number of calcium nodules in hDPSCs was decreased after blocking Wnt signaling pathway by Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1). The calcium hydroxide treatment can promoted dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression in hDPSCs. Conclusions Calcium hydroxide can down-regulate the expression of canonical Wnt signaling pathway and promote osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and odontogenetic differentiation of hDPSCs.

Objective:To develop a geriatric nursing core literacy evaluation scale and to test its validity and reliability.Methods:The scale item pool was constructed by referring to relevant literatures and expert consultation method was used to form initial scale. A preliminary investigation was conducted among 40 nurses to form the formal scale, and then 252 nurses were selected to test the validity and reliability of the formal scale.Results:The formal scale consisted of four dimensions and 37 items. The Cronbach α coefficient of the formal scale was 0.980, the content validity index was 0.912, exploratory factor analysis identified 4 principal factors (knowledge geriatric nursing core literacy, skill geriatric nursing core literacy, cognitive geriatric nursing core literacy, belief geriatric nursing core literacy) and explained 73.135% of the total variance.Conclusion:The geriatric nursing core literacy evaluation scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the geriatric nursing core literacy of nursing staffs.

This study was aimed to analyze the value of the SPECT MPI to myocardial ischemia and cardiac function parameters in the CAD prognosis assessment. A total of 890 patients with suspected CAD underwent adenosine loading stress gated SPECT. At a mean follow-up of (2.3 +/- 0. 4) year, a total of 37 adverse events occurred, including 12 cardiac deaths and 25 nonfatal myocardial infarctions. Univariate Cox analysis showed that diabetes (wald 6.95, P < 0.01), SSS (wald 24.31, P < 0.001), EF (wald 17.14, P < 0.001), ESV (wald 8.58, P < 0.01) and EDV (wald 7.95, P < 0.01) were significant predictors of MACEs. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that SSS (wald 6.69, P < 0.05) and EF (wald 4.70, P < 0.05) were independent predictors. According to the results, SSS and EF are both independent predictors of MACEs.
Adenosine ; Aged ; Cardiac-Gated Single-Photon Emission Computer-Assisted Tomography ; methods ; Coronary Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; methods ; Ventricular Function, Left ; physiology

Stem cells have been regarded with promising application potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation abilities. However, their fate is relied on their local microenvironment, or niche. Recent studied have demonstrated that biophysical factors, defined as physical microenvironment in which stem cells located play a vital role in regulating stem cell committed differentiation. In vitro, synthetic physical microenvironments can be used to precisely control a variety of biophysical properties. On this basis, the effect of biophysical properties such as matrix stiffness, matrix topography and mechanical force on the committed differentiation of stem cells was further investigated. This paper summarizes the approach of mechanical models of artificial physical microenvironment and reviews the effects of different biophysical characteristics on stem cell differentiation, in order to provide reference for future research and development in related fields.
Cues ; Stem Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Regenerative Medicine ; Tissue Engineering