A new species of Nanhaipotamon sp. Nov. was found from the west of Xiapu County, Fujian Province in April 2008. Holotype: male, carapace length 28.2 mm, breadth 35.6 mm, thickness 20.4 mm. Allotype, female, carapace length 22.6 mm, breadth 28.7 mm, thickness 20.4 mm. Male first pleopod reached beyond tubercle of abdominal lock, not reaching to suture of sternites 4/5. Subterminal segment was about 2.4 times as terminal segment, inner horn rounded to squarish, and its outer horn pointed to the upper part of abdomen. Morphologically, this new species is distinguishable to the similar species of freshwater crabs, such as N. formosanum, N. nanriense, and N. yongchunense.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a HPLC method for the determination of levodopa in levodopa inclusion complex.METHODS:The separation was performed on C18,and the mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.01mol?L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution(25∶75,pH 3.0)with a flow rate of 1.0mL?min-1.The column temperature was 30℃,the detection wavelength was 280 nm and the sample size was 20?L.RESULTS:A good linear relationship was obtained for levodopa within the range of 5～80?g?mL-1(r=0.999 8),and its average recovery was 100.1%(RSD=0.19%,n=15).CONCLUSION:This method is simple,rapid,accurate,and it can be used for the content determination of levodopa in levodopa inclusion complex.

Clinical death of patients often results in such strong psychological stress as anxiety,fear and depression among the family members.Behavior problems incurred by such negative feelings often lead medical disputes.Early psychological intervention upon death to the families can not only protect their mental health but also effectively prevent medical disputes from happening.An analysis of the psychological response and characteristics of such families presents the principles and practice for psychological counseling.Discussions in this regard may inspire hospital administrators in how to prevent medical disputes so incurred.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the quality of reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), and to provide suggestions for improving the reporting of future clinical studies in this therapeutic area. METHODS: A search of the Cochrane Library was conducted to identify RCTs of CHM. A revised CONSORT checklist designed for CHM clinical studies was implemented. The revised CONSORT checklist contained 63 items, including the following new items added specifically for CHM: (1) "syndrome of disease" based on Chinese medicine theories; (2) rationale of CHM formula; (3) formula composition; (4) preparation form of CHM; (5) quality control of CHM. RESULTS: The overall reporting quality of the RCTs as assessed with the revised CONSORT checklist varied between 19% and 44%, with a median score of 32% (standard deviation 8%). CONCLUSION: The overall quality of reporting of RCTs of CHM evaluated with a revised CONSORT checklist was poor, reflecting the need for improvements in reporting future clinical trials in this area. RECOMMENDATIONS: To improve the quality of reporting of RCTs of CHM, we recommend adopting a revised CONSORT checklist that includes items specific to CHM. We also recommend that editors of CHM journals require authors to use a structured approach to presenting their trials as a condition of publication.

Objective: To investigate the effect and significance of GSK-3β inhibitor(LiCl)and RANK-RANKL on the renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats. Methods: SD rats were divided into normal control group (NC), DN model group (DN) and GSK-3β inhibitor intervention group (LiCl). Twenty-four hour urine protein of rats were determined by Coomassie brilliant blue. Kidney tissue sections were stained by HE. The expression of GSK-3β, RANK and RANKL protein were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. The mRNA of GSK-3β, RANK, RANKL was detected by RT-qPCR. Results: Compared with NC group[(14.72±3.37)g], the level of 24-hour urinary protein[(154.17±20.65)g] increased significantly in DN group; compared with DN Group, the level of 24-hour urinary protein [(107.22±31.15)g]decreased in LiCl group(P<0.05). Compared with NC group(2.10±0.60, 1.10±0.20, 1.21±0.20; 19.52±3.20, 1.80±1.10, 1.81±0.50), the pathological changes of renal tissues of DN group aggravated, the mRNA and expression of protein of GSK-3β, RANK and RANKL increased(9.10±2.15, 8.95±2.40, 9.90±2.60; 32.70±7.20, 19.20±4.32, 20.92±5.90); compared with DN group, the pathological changes of renal tissues of LiCl group alleviated, mRNA and the expression of protein of factors above declined(2.70±0.80, 2.32±0.65, 3.58±1.10; 22.35±3.25, 4.20±2.42, 5.90±2.36; P<0.05). Conclusion RANK and RANKL play an important role in the development of DN, LiCl influence Wnt and NF-κB signal pathway down-regulating RANK and RANKL to suspend development of diabetic nephropathy.

Purpose: Despite the rapid growing of cancer survivors, prior cancer history is a commonly adoptedexclusion criterion. Whether prior cancer will impact the survival of patients with advancedbreast cancer (ABC) remains uncertain. Materials and Methods: Patients with ABC diagnosed between 2004 and 2010 were identified using Surveillance,Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Timing, stage, and type were used to characterizeprior cancer. Multivariable analyses using propensity score–adjusted Cox regressionand competing risk regression were conducted to evaluate the prognostic effect of priorcancer on overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Results: A total of 14,176 ABC patients were identified, of whom 10.5% carried a prior cancer history.The most common type of prior cancer was female genital cancer (32.4%); more than half(51.7%) were diagnosed at localized stage; most were diagnosed more than 5 years (42.9%)or less than 1 year (28.3%) prior to the index cancer. In multivariate analyses, patients withprior cancer presented a slightly worse OS (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.07 to 1.30; p=0.001) but a better BCSS (subdistribution hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.56to 0.74; p < 0.001). In subset analyses, no survival detriment was observed in patients withprior malignancy from head and neck or endocrine system, at in situ or localized stage, ordiagnosed more than 4 years. Conclusion Prior cancer provides an inferior OS but a superior BCSS for patients with ABC. It does notaffect the survival adversely in some subgroups and these patients should not be excludedfrom clinical trials.

OBJECTIVETo observe postoperative glucose tolerance, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) , and glucogan-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in normal glucose level dogs after undergoing gastric bypass procedures, and to explore the mechanism of gastric bypass procedures to treat type 2 diabetes.

METHODSThe 6 dogs with normal glucose tolerance had undergone gastric bypass procedures, and measure preoperative and postoperative oral and intravenous glucose tolerance (at time points 1, 2, and 4 weeks) through changes in blood glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and measure preoperative and postoperative week 4 pancreatic tissue morphology.

RESULTSSecond weeks after operation, the fasting blood sugar was (3.58 ± 0.33) mmol/L, and significantly lower than preoperative (t = 3.571, P < 0.05). The GLP-1 level before oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 30 minutes after OGTT were (0.90 ± 0.21) and (0.91 ± 0.19) pmol/L respectively, and significantly higher than preoperative (t value were -3.660 and -2.971, P < 0.05). GLP-1 levels began to decrease in the second week after surgery. After 4 weeks, the index recovered to the preoperative level. Four weeks after surgery when compared with preoperative, islet morphology, islet number (6.8 ± 0.8 and 7.1 ± 0.8 respectively) and islet cells (16.7 ± 2.5 and 16.3 ± 3.1 respectively) did not change significantly (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGastric bypass procedures could be briefly affect normal glucose tolerance in dogs' blood glucose, insulin and diabetes-related gastrointestinal hormones.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dogs ; Gastric Bypass ; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ; Glucagon ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; blood ; Glucose ; Insulin ; blood

The development of prevention therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) would greatly benefit from biomarkers that are sensitive to the subtle brain changes that occur in the preclinical stage of the disease. Reductions in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc), a measure of neuronal function, have proven to be a promising tool in the early diagnosis of AD. In vivo brain 2-[18F]fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging demonstrates consistent and progressive CMRglc reductions in AD patients, the extent and topography of which correlate with symptom severity. There is increasing evidence that hypometabolism appears during the preclinical stages of AD and can predict decline years before the onset of symptoms. This review will give an overview of FDG-PET results in individuals at risk for developing dementia, including: presymptomatic individuals carrying mutations responsible for early-onset familial AD; patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), often a prodrome to late-onset sporadic AD; non-demented carriers of the Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele, a strong genetic risk factor for late-onset AD; cognitively normal subjects with a family history of AD; subjects with subjective memory complaints; and normal elderly followed longitudinally until they expressed the clinical symptoms and received post-mortem confirmation of AD. Finally, we will discuss the potential to combine different PET tracers and CSF markers of pathology to improve the early detection of AD.
Aged ; Alleles ; Alzheimer Disease ; Apolipoproteins ; Biomarkers ; Brain ; Dementia ; Early Diagnosis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Lifting ; Memory ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons ; Risk Factors

In 1918, near the close of the First World War, pandemic influenza swept across the world. Spread by the movement of troops and fueled by dense military-camp living quarters, the virus caused unusually high mortality rates in people 20–40 years old. An estimated 500 million people were infected, and up to 50 million died. Since then, pandemics caused by newly emerging influenza viruses have occurred every 10–40 years, with each of the pandemics in 1957, 1968 and 1977 taking the lives of roughly one million people.1 More recently, the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic resulted in an estimated half a million deaths and raised concerns about how prepared the global community was to cope with future public health events.2 Past pandemics can teach us important lessons about preventing and responding to emerging global health threats. This special issue highlights significant achievements across the Western Pacific Region in global pandemic preparedness and response.

Purpose: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the distribution pattern and prognostic value of 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in Chinese patients with mucinous breast cancer (MC) and compared with infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with MC or IDC from January 2010 to January 2017 were retrospectively recruited. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction assay of 21 genes was conducted to calculate the RS. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between RS and clinicopathological factors. Survival outcomes including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Results: The MC cohort included 128 patients and the IDC cohort included 707 patients. The proportions of patients with a low (RS < 18), intermediate (18-30), or high risk (RS > 30) were 32.0%, 48.4%, and 19.5% in MC cohort, and 26.9%, 46.8% and 26.3% in IDC cohort. The distribution of RS varied significantly according to different Ki-67 index and molecular subtype in both cohorts. Moreover, the receipt of chemotherapy was associated with RS in both cohorts. Among patients with MC, tumor stage was related to the DFS (p=0.040). No significant differences in DFS and OS were found among MC patients in different RS risk groups (OS, p=0.695; DFS, p=0.926). Conclusion RS was significantly related to Ki-67 index and molecular subtypes in MC patients, which is similar in IDC patients. However, RS was not able to predict DFS and OS in patients with MC.