Objective To investigate the effects of acyl and deacyl ghrelin on the expressions of PI3Kp85α,Akt/PKB and GLUT4,the key factors in insulin receptor signaling pathway of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells.Methods Insulin resistance models were made by palmitic acid induced rat L6 myoblasts.Successful models were divided into acyl ghrelin group,deacyl ghrelin group,PI3K inhibitor(LY) + acyl ghrelin group,LY + deacyl ghrelin group and control group with corresponding interventions for 24h.The glucose uptake of all group was measured through laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry.Expressions of phosphorated/total PI3Kp85α,phosphorated/total Akt and cell membrane/total GLUT4 of skeletal muscle cells were measured by Western blot,and PI3Kp85α,Akt,GLUT4 mRNA expression were detected by real-time PCR.Results Induced L6 myoblasts differentiation and insulin resistance model were successfully established.Acyl and deacyl ghrelin could increase glucose uptake for 1.25 and 1.28 folds compared to control group,and the phosphorated and total PI3Kp85α expressions were 1.78 and 1.89 folds to control group,and phosphorylated/total Akt and cell membrane/total GLUT4 were 1.84 and 1.80 folds to control group.The PI3Kp85α,Akt/PKB and GLUT4 mRNA expression were also upregulated compared to control group.The above indexes of LY + acyl or deacyl ghrelin group decreased significantly compared to acyl and deacyl ghrelin group without LY.Conclusions Acyl and deacyl ghrelin can both improve insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells,increasing the glucose uptake under insulin-stimulation,and up-regulated the phosphorated PI3Kp85α,phosphorated Akt/PKB,and cell membrane GLUT4 relative protein expressions and mRNA expressions.PI3K inhibitor,LY294002,can inhibit the above improvement effect of acyl and decyl ghrelin.

Objective To conduct a Meta?analysis to compare the safety and short?term efficacy of laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG)and open distal gastrectomy(ODG)in D2 radical surgeries for locally advanced distal gastric cancer. Methods The literatures from Janurary,1990 to August,2014 on the evaluation of safety and short?term efficacy of LADG versus ODG in D2 radical surgeries for locally advanced distal gastric cancer were collected. The quality of the enrolled articles was evaluated and the software Revman 5.2 was adopted to analyze the cura?tive effect. Results Totally 25 articles met the inclusion criteria,including 5 044 patients with treatment of D2 radical surgeries for locally advanced distal gastric cancer. There was no significant difference in the cleaning number of lymph nodes between LADG and ODG in patients undergoing D2 radical surgeries for locally advanced distal gastric cancer. The operation time was longer for LADG than ODG,but the postoperative evaluation in?dexes such as the intraoperative blood loss and the short?term efficacy of LADG were superior to ODG. Conclusion In the treatment of locally ad?vanced distal gastric cancer,there were differences in the safety and short?term efficacy between LADG and ODG,and surgeons should give concern to these differences in clinical practice to select appropriate surgical approaches. Further research is still needed to explore the long?term efficacy.