The in vitro tumoricidal activity of peritoneal macrophages harvested from C57BL mice and activiated by li posomes containing water-soluble muramyl dipeptides (MDP) was measured by ~(125)I.UdR release assay. The results demonstrated that liposomes containing MDP could effectively activiate macrophages to become tumoricidal. The percentage of pu(?)monarymetastasis and the average metastatic pulmonary colonies of mice with experimental tumor metastasis decreased after intravenous injection of MDP encapsulated in liposomes. These results suggested that systemic administration liposomes containing MDP whichinduced macrophage activiation might provide a useful immunot heray for tumor, especial1y for pulmonary mini metastasis.

Recently, the incidence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) has gone up. Preoperative imaging evaluation plays an important role in guiding clinician to make reasonable operating program. MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) can make accurate preoperative classification of HC, and,combined with conventional MR scans, is able to perform an all-in-one examination, making accurate overall preoperative evaluation of HC.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol on TREM-1 expression in THP-1 cells stimulated by lipo-polysaccharide (LPS). Methods Cells were divided into 7 groups: (1) control group; (2) LPS group that was exposed to LPS in final concentration of 100μg/L;(3) Progroup that was incubated with 100μmol/L propofol;(4-7) groups combined 100μg/L LPS with propofol at different dose of 12.5μmol/L (P1 group), 25μmol/L (P2 group), 50μmol/L (P3 group), 100μmol/L (P4 group) respectively. After 16 hours of incubation, the TNF-α concentration in supernatants were measured by ELISA. TREM-1 expression were examined by FACS and TREM-1 mRNA were detected using qRT-PCR. Results TREM-1 on THP-1 increased significantly in group P3 and group P4 compared with LPS group (P<0.05). The concentra-tions of TNF-αin P3 and P4 (P<0.05) decreased substantially in supernatant compared with LPS group. TREM-1 mRNA transcription level in group LPS rise considerably (P < 0.05) compared to that in control group, and it dropped greatly in group P4 (P <0.05) compared with that in group LPS. Conclusion Propofol could enhance TREM-1 expression on sur-face of THP-1 stimulated by LPS. Propofol reduces TNF-αlevel in culture supernatant. And propofol may restrain TREM-1 mRNA expression.

Objective Todeterminethecorrelationbetweenthrombomodulinand atherosclerosis in chronic kidney diseases (CKD) patients.Methods A total of 96 CKD patients in our hospital were enrolled in the study, including 32 maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients and 64 non-hemodialysis CKD patients with stage 2 to 5(non-HD) and 30 age- and gendermatched healthy volunteers were used as control.Intima-media thickness(IMT) and atherosclerotic plaquesof theextracranialcommoncarotidarteryweredetectedbyhigh-resolutionB-mode ultrasonography. Bloodlevelof thrombomodulinwasmeasuredusingELISA,andcreatinine,triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured routinely as well.Correlation analysis of thrombomodulin with other parameters was performed.Results The thrombomodulin level was significantly higher in CKD patients as compared to healthy controls[(12.15±3.04) mg/L vs(3.12±0.23) mg/L, P＜0.05], and also significantly higher in MHD patients as compared to non-HD patients [(16.89±3.35) mg/L vs (9.78±2.49) mg/L, P＜0.05].The atherosclerotic plaques incidence and IMT value of carotid artery increased significantly in CKD patients compared with healthy volunteers.Thrombomodulin was positively correlated with IMT in CKD patients(r=0.335, P＜0.01).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that thrombomodulin, Tm (OR=1.13, 95％CI 1.010-1.121), SBP (OR=1.09, 95％GI 1.009-1.114), CRP(OR=1.22, 95％CI 1.216-2.007), and Scr were independent risk factors of IMT.ConclusionThrombomodulin is correlated with carotid atherosclerosis in CKD patients and may be used as a marker to evaluate the endothelial damage.

Objective To explore the feasibility of Ilizarov technique in managing large tibia defects combined with soft tissue defects.Methods A total of 24 patients with large tibial defects combined with soft tissue defects caused by compound open tibial fractures were fixed with Ilizarov technique from September 2003 to September 2010.All patients belonged to open tibial fractures,including 20 patients with Gustilo type Ⅲ B and four with Gustilo type Ⅲ C.After debridement,the soft tissue defect areas was 10 cm ×6 cm and the bone defect was(8 ±4)cm.Fifteen patients with tibial defects ＜5 cm were treated with one stage debridement,fibula resection and tibial defect end compression.The other nine patients with tibial defect ＞ 5 cm were managed by one stage debridement,bone transport and bone lengthening.Then,15 patients were treated with one stage debridement,wound closure or wound reduction,bone grafting treatment and second stage cleansing of the incarcerated skin and fracture end.Results All patients were followed up for average 14 months(10-24 months),which showed reconstruction of the bone defects,restoration of the limb length,fracture healing and less than 2 cm difference between health limb and contralateral limb.One patient experienced common peroneal nerve palsy after operation,but recovered three months later.Of all,19 patients recovered without extra surgery,three restored with skin graft and two received skin flap.Conclusion Ilizarov technique is an effective option for treating the tibial defects combined with soft tissue defects at one stage.

ObjectiveTo explore the migration, effect on axon growth of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) transplanted in contused spinal cord of rats. Methods8 adult female rats were induced spinal cord contusion at T10 cord by NYU impactor (H=25 mm), and received OECs transplantation in 1 mm rostral and caudal to injury site，or injury site. Other 4 adult female rats were uncovered the spinal cord at T8-10 cord, and injected GFP+OECs at T10 cord. 1 week after transplantation, all animals were executed and the T8-11 cord (15 mm long) contained the entire injury site were observed for the migration of OECs and immunostained for neurofilament (NF) and myelin basic protein (MBP). ResultsThe OECs injected in injury site largely migrate longitudinally and laterally from the injection site, OECs injected in 1 mm rostral and caudal to injury site of contused spinal cord, migrate longitudinally and laterally from the injection site to the injury site in white and gray matter, and some along the central canal. OECs injected in normal spinal cord migrated longitudinally and laterally from injection site, too. The transplanted OECs expressed a little NF and MBP. ConclusionThe transplanted OECs are able to migrate in spinal cord and promote axon regeneration and remyelination.

Objective To investigate the effects of rolipram on neurofunction and the ultrastructure of the spinal cord in rats with spinal cord contusion.Methods Thirty adult,female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received spinal cord contusion at the T10 level.They were then randomited into an experimental group and a control group immediately after the operation.Rats in the experimental group received subcutaneous injections of 0.25mg/kg of rolipram twice daily for two weeks.Control rats received the same dosage of 0.9％ sodium chloride solution on the same schedule.The rats'functional recovery was evaluated using the open-field locomotion rating scale of Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB score),once a week within the 1st month after spinal cord injury (SCI),and once every two weeks subsequently.The morphology of the spinal cord tissue around the lesion site was observed under the light microscope with HE staining at the 8th week postoperation,and the ultrastructure of the spinal cord was observed under the transmission electron microscope at the 2nd,4th and 8th week postoperation.Results At the 2nd and 3rd week after SCI the experimental group exhibited significandy greater improvement in average BBB scores than the control group.However,the average BBB scores in the experimental and control groups were not significantly different at 8 weeks after SCI.Under the light microscope,cavities were observed in the posterior dorsal column near the SCI in both the experimental and control groups.However thick,condensed glial scars in the injured area were observed only in the control group.The density of glial cells decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group.Transmission electron microscopy revealed that,compared with the control group,inflammatory edema was attenuated and fewer axons were damaged at the 2nd week postoperation in the experimental group.That group also showed less axon degeneration as well as more angiogenesis at the 4th and 8th week.Conclusion Rolipram can reduce secondary neuron degeneration,inhibit gliosis and the formation of glial scars,and promote angiogenesis.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum ferritin (SF) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) with carotid intima-medium thickness (CIMT) in aged type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) patients.Methods sixty patients with T2DM, 60 with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 60 normal control subjects were recruited .SF, hs-CRP, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose(2h PBG) along with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were assayed, while CIMT of the participants were measured using B mode colorful Doppler ultrasonography .Results FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, FINS, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TG, TC and LDL-C showed significant difference be -tween patients with T2DM and normal controls ( P <0.05).FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, FINS, HOMA-IR showed significant difference between patients with IGR and normal controls ( P <0.05).FBG, 2hPBG, HbA1c, FINS, HOMA-IR, TG and LDL-C showed sig-nificant difference between patients with T 2DM and IGR (P <0.05).Compared with patients with IGR and controls , SF、hs -CRP and bilateral CIMT were found significantly increased in the T 2DM group (P <0.05), the similar differences which was also found comparing IGR group and normal control group .Besides, SF had positive correlation with hs -CRP and bilateral CIMT in both T2DM group ( r =0.89, P <0.05; r =0.82, P <0.05) and IGR group ( r =0.79, P <0.05; r =0.75, P <0.05).Conclusions SF and hs -CRP might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy ,which means they could be useful clinically as vascular risk factors.

Objective To understand family function ,social support ,preoperative anxiety and depression status among elder‐ly operative patients ,and to explore their relationship .Methods 295 elderly preoperative patients were investigated by family AP‐GAR index (APGAR) ,social support rating scale (SSRS) ,self‐rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self‐rating depression scale(SDS) , descriptive and inferential analysis .Results Among 295 elderly preoperative patients ,there were 208 people with good family func‐tion ,accounting for 70 .51% ,67 people with moderate disability family function ,accounting for 22 .71% ,and 20 people with severe disability family function ,accounting for 6 .78% ;The total score of social support was 40 .42 ± 9 .03 and the scores of subjective support was 23 .32 ± 5 .42 ,objective support with 9 .45 ± 3 .73 and support availability with 7 .65 ± 1 .86 ;152 people were preoper‐ative anxiety ,accounting for 51 .53% ,98 people were preoperative depression ,accounting for 33 .22% .The rate of anxiety and de‐pression good family function group was lower than a family dysfunction group(P<0 .05) .The incidence of depression high social support group is higher than low group (P<0 .05);Among the scores of social support ,subjective support ,objective support and support availability ,we find that patients with family well‐functioning group was higher than patients with family dysfunction group (P<0 .05) .Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that influence factors of preoperative psychological abnormality had educa‐tion level ,whether the tumor diseases ,the total score of social support and family functioning condition .Conclusion Elderly preop‐erative patients have anxiety and depression to a certain extent .The anxiety and depression of patients were related to the family function and social support .We Should pay attention to the effect of farmily function and social support on mental health of elderly patients with operation ,and effective use .

Objective To assess the effect of snapshot freeze (SSF) motion correction algorithm on the image quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA).Methods Thirty-one consecutive patients underwent coronary CTA without heart rate control.All of the CCTA images were reconstructed by the means of both standard (STD) and SSF motion correction.Image quality and interpretability of STD and SSF reconstructions were compared.CCTA images were interpreted with Likert 4-points score system by two experienced radiologists.The image qualities were assessed on per-artery and per-segment level,and interpretability was performed on per-segment,per-artery,and per-patient levels.Comparisons of variables were performed with paired Wilcoxon rank sum test and paired Chi-square test.Results SSF reconstructions showed higher interpretability than STD reconstructions on per-patient [100.0％ (31/31) vs 64.5％ (20/31),x2 =9.09,P =0.002] and per-artery [100.0％ (124/124) v s 83.9％ (104/124),x2 =18.05,P =0.001] and per-segment level [99.0％ (413/417) vs 89.2％ (372/417),x2 =35.56,P =0.001].Image qualities were higher with the use of SSF than STD reconstructions on LAD [3.3 ± 0.7 vs 2.9 ± 1.0,Z =2.70,P=0.007],LCX [3.1 ±0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.1,Z =3.23,P =0.001] and RCA [3.3 ±0.6 vs 2.1 ±0.9,Z =4.60,P =0.001],but they were similar on LM [3.9 ± 0.4 vs 3.7 ± 0.6,Z =1.89,P =0.059].Image quality was higher with the use of SSF versus STD reconstructions on per-segment [3.5 ± 0.7 vs 3.0 ± 1.0,Z =10.31,P =0.001] level.Conclusions The use of SSF motion correction algorithm improves image quality and interpretability of coronary CTA without heart rate control.