Proteinase activation receptor-2 (PAR-2) is one of the G protein coupling receptor family members.It exists in all over the epithelial cell surface of gastrointestinal tract,and is easy to expose to the proteinase that can activate it.It is a direct exocrine regulator of many digestive glands,and directly affects the capability of gastrointestinal tract.At present,the PAR-2's unique activation way,its wide distribution in digestive system and its complicated physiological functions,especially the relation between PAR-2 and the gastrointestinal movement and perception,are being highly concerned.

Intraperitoneal. injection of the essential oils of Asarum himalaicum and A. heterotropides var. mand shuricum can inhibit the proliferation of granuloma induced by implantation of cotton pellets in rats, and change the distribution of Copper and Zinc,the two necessary trace elements for rats,in rat serum and liver.They reduce concentration of Zinc but increase that of Copper in the serum,while elevate the concentration of Zinc but reduce that of Copper in liver. The oil of A. himalaicum collected from Ningxia Region showed even stronger effects.

Objective To study the effects of XiaoAiping (XAP) with different concentrations and action time on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepa1-6. Methods The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hepal-6 was treated with XAP at doses of 30 mg/ml(the high concentration group), 20 mg/ml (the moderate concentration group) and 10 mg/ml (the low concentration group) for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effects of XAP on cell growth. The cell morphological alteration was observed after HE staining, and the apoptosis rates were assayed by flow cytometry. Results XAP produced an obvious time-and-dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the Hepa1-6 cells (P<0.01), and the cell differentiation trend was benign on light microscopy. After 48 h Hepa1-6 cells were incubated by XAP, there was an apoptosis peak, and the apoptosis rate was increased statistically in XAP group with the increasing XAP concentration [(7.65±0.40)%, (11.26±1.09)% and (26.71±0.85)% in low, moderate and high concentration group, respectively]compared with that in the controls (2.88 ±0.30)%, P < 0.01). Conclusion XAP produced obvious time-and-dose-dependent inhibitory effects on Hepa1-6 cells. Inhibiting DNA synthesize and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells may involve in the mechanisms of antineoplastic effect.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) in chronic superficial gastritis.METHODS:The Wistar rats (n=30) were randomly divided into blank group, model group and control group.The Wistar rat model of chronic superficial gastritis was established by in-tragastric administration of 0.02%ammonia and long-term irregular diet.All rats were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.The expression of Lgr5 at mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by re-verse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Lgr5 was mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm.Lgr5 showed high expression in model group compared with blank group and control group.No obvious difference between blank group and control group was observed.CONCLUSION:Persistent in-flammation leads to increased expression of Lgr5.Lgr5 may be a proinflammatory tumor promoting factor.

Objective To observe the effect of effective monomer of Kangxianling prescription on renal function and extracellular matrix composition of 5/6 nephrectomy rats model, and provide basis for the screening of effective traditional Chinese medicine of anti-renal fibrosis. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, chrysophanol group, salvianolate A group, oleanolic acid group and losartan group. The kidney fibrosis model was made by operation. Two months after intervented by correspong drugs, renal pathological changes of all groups were observed, the levels of renal function indexes were detected, and real-time PCR assay was used to detect laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), type Ⅲ collagen (C-Ⅲ), type Ⅰ collagen (C-Ⅰ) mRNA expression in rat kidney tissue. Results SCr and BUN in model group increased significantly compared with the normal group (P<0.01). SCr and BUN in salvianolate A group decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). BUN in salvianolate A group decreased significantly compared with the losartan group (P<0.01). The expression of C- ,Ⅲ C-Ⅰand LN were reduced by effective monomer of Kangxianling prescription. Conclusion Effective monomer of Kangqianling prescription can inhibit renal fibrosis through reducing the expression of extracellular matrix components, thereby improve the renal function.

Objective: To determine anti oxygen free radical (anti OFR) function in each herb of Kangqianling Granules and its compound prescription. Method:The anti OFR function in herbs was tested in vitro by means of chemical luminescence .Results: The anti OFR functions of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae are the best, other herbs also have a bit of effects.Conclusion: Kangqianling Granules retarding CRF's course can be related to it’s anti OFR function.

Objective To explore clinical features and antimicrobial resistance of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)with Streptococcus pneumoniae (S .pneumoniae)isolated from children in Nanjing.Methods Clinical data of children with confirmed S .pneumoniae LRTI through sputum culture at a children’s hospital in Nanjing between July 2013 and June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,S .pneumoniae strains were performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing through K-B method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)testing.Results Among 197 children with S .pneumoniae infection,72.59% were <3 years old,63.96% occurred in autumn and winter, 57.87% had elevated leukocyte count,cough and fever were the most common clinical symptoms,complications of digestive and circulatory system were also common.The resistance rates of S .pneumoniae to azithromycin, penicillin,and erythromycin were 94.92%, 92.98%, and 88.83% respectively; the sensitivity rates to vancomycin,chloramphenicol,meropenem,ceftriaxone,and ofloxacin were all > 90%,vancomycin was up to 98.98%.Conclusion The percentage of S .pneumoniae LRTI is high in children < 3 years old,most occur in autumn and winter,resistance rates to azithromycin,penicillin,and erythromycin are all high,antimicrobial agents should be selected for the treatment of infection according to antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Objective To explore the effects of modified herringbone-Trendelenburg position during gynecological laparoscopic operation of the elderly. Methods A total of 60 elderly patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic operation under general anesthesia were recruited and assigned to the observation group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) by random digits table method with 30 cases each according to admitting time;Patients in the control group were placed in conventional Trendelenburg position, while the patients in the observation group were positioned in modified herringbone-Trendelenburg position .Intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured in the patients at anesthesia induction (T1),5 minutes after general anesthesia in supine position (T2) , and 5 minutes after pneumoperitoneum while in the operation position (T3) , every 30 minutes (times 4 to 11), while supine at the end of pneumoperitoneum (time 12) and before awakening (time 13);Patients were followed up at 24 h and 48 h after surgery, researcher investigate and record the scores of the Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire, the situation of the pain in the shoulder and postoperative complications of the lower limbs. Results There was no statistically significant difference (t=-1.098,-0.772,-0.656, P>0.05) of the IOP at T1, T2, T13. The IOP in the observation group had statistically significant difference compared with the control group at T3 to T12 (t=6.523-19.866, P<0.01). The incidence rate of the postoperative complications of the lower limbs in the observation group was 6.7%(2/30) lower than 26.7%(8/30) of the control group (χ2=4.320, P<0.05) and the VAS scores of the patients in the two groups was statistically significant (t=2.471, P<0.05). The incidence rate of the postoperative shoulder pain in the observation group was 10.0%(3/30) lower than 43.3%(13/30) of the control group (χ2=8.523, P<0.01), and the Visual Analogue Scale scores of the patients in the two groups was statistically significant (t=3.575, P<0.05).The scores of the Operation Position Comfort Questionnaire in the observation group was higher than the control group (t=-2.319, P<0.05). Conclusions Modified herringbone- Trendelenburg position can reduce the elevation of intraocular pressure in elderly patients without affecting the operation ,and effectively improve the comfort of the operation position of the patients, reduce the incidence rate of the shoulder pain and postoperative complications of the lower limbs, is conducive to the operation safety of elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and the safety of paroxetine in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic primary insomnia. Methods Ninety elderly patients who met Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, 2nd Rev Ed, (CCMD 2 R) for elderly patients with chronic primary insomnia were randomly divided into paroxetine group (30 cases), alprazolam group (30 cases), and placebo group (30 cases) for 12 weeks as a course. Effects were evaluated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and treatment emergence symptoms scale (TESS) before and after the 4th, 8th, 12th week of treatment. Results The excellent response rate of paroxetine group and alprazolam group were 83% and 53% respectively( P

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of modified endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and rubber band ligation assisted endoscopic dissection for treatment of small gastric submucosal tumors (SMT) originating from the muscularis propria layer. Methods A total of ninety-two patients diagnosed as gastric SMT (6 mm≤diameter≤13 mm) originating from the muscularis propria layer by EUS in our hospital were enrolled in this study. With intravenous anesthesia and tracheal intubation in all patients, modified ESD was performed firstly to stripe the small tumors. After being exposed to a certain extent, the tumors were ligated by rubber band and snared for endoscopic dissection. The situation of bleeding, perforation in both intraoperative and postoperative, the integrity and size of the resected specimens were observed and recorded. The resected specimens were identified with histopathological detection and immunohistochemistry assay. At the 6-month and 12-month after the operation, all patients were reviewed by gastroscopy and EUS in our hospital. Results All the 92 tumors were resected completely and successfully. The mean operating time was (19.2±2.3) min and the mean blood loss in operation was (2.6±0.5) mL. Perforation after resection occurred in 3 cases, which were closed with metal hemostatic clips and nylon ropes. No delayed bleeding and perforation occurred in one week after the operation. The tumor sizes ranged from 6 mm × 5 mm to 13 mm × 12 mm. Seventy-three gastric stromal tumors (risk classification:all were very low risk), 18 gastric leiomyomas and 1 gastric neurofibroma were identified. There were no residue or recurrence in all cases during the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion The modified ESD and rubber band ligation assisted endoscopic dissection are effective and safe for treatment of small gastric submucosal tumors originating from the muscularis propria layer. The tumors are resected completely and successfully, showing certain significance to assess the nature, degree of malignancy of the tumor and prognosis of the patients.