One hundred forty-four residents registered at department of anesthesia of West China Hospital from 1999 to 2010.The duration of residency training is 5 years (3 + 2).The residents enrolled during 1999-2002 were on the staff.They were assigned to work at this hospital after graduation from medical school and became staff anesthesiologist of this hospital after 5 year training.The residents enrolled during 2003-2010 were trainees and not on the staff.They had to apply for a job as anesthesiologist somewhere after 5 year training.After 3 year training the residents are qualified to undergo subspecialty training.Thirty-nine of the 144 residents dropped out of the training program.The reasons for their withdrawing from the program included finding a regular job,failing the qualifying examination,changing profession studying abroad and death.In order to reduce dropout rate,correct public opinion on the importance of residency training,raising the quality of the residents and improving income of the residents are needed.

ObjectiveCurrently,adsorption materials applied to remove low density lipoprotein (LDL) still remain defects.HB-H-8 resin has not been put in use in removing LDL.This study focused on primary evaluation of adsorption capability of HB-H-8 resin.MethodsHB-H-8 resin was used in the adsorption of LDL of patient that was higher than the normal range of blood sample in dynamic test and static test in vitro.ResultsThe time of adsorption saturation was two hours,and the optimum temperature was 37℃.The results of adsorption in vitro showed that the average adsorption rates of LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were 63.2％ and 1.9％,respectively.ConclusionHB-H-8 resin has LDL higher adsorption capability,thus made it to be a potential blood purification material for the removal of LDL.

Objective To study the efficacy of consecutive drugs in the treatment of chronic prostatitis. Methods 153 cases of moderate & severes chronic prostatitis were treated with consecutive drugs with sensitive antibiotics,? 1-blocker,inhibitor of cox-2 and traditional Chinese herb,20 cases being chronic bacterial and 133 nonbacterial. They were classified and evaluated according to the CPSI & EPS examinations as analyzed by T test. Results All cases were followed up for an average of 11.8 months(8～18 months).The average CPSI score was 32.6(32.7?5.3) before treatment and 13.4(12.8?7.3) after treatment (P

Objective To analyze the cause of re-operation after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit in early follow-up period in order to improve the efficacy of this operation and reduce postoperative complications. Methods 12 cases from 81 cases of re-operation were studied retrospectively after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit for bladder tumor in early follow-up period.Of the 12 cases,there are 4 cases of T 4,8 cases of T 3,7 cases of G 2,5 cases of G 3.They are all transitional cell carcinoma. Results There were 4 cases of adhesive intestinal obstruction,2 necrosis of ileal conduit,2 adhesive folding of sigmoid colon into prostatic fossa,2 internal hernia and 2 avulsed incision due to infection .All the cases were re-operated nearly the first operation.After the second operation,all the cases were followed 6～12 months,average 7.7 months,the outcome was satisfied. Conclusions The ileal conduit is a kind of ideal methods for urinary diversion and its early complications should be avoided affecting the efficacy of this operation and the quality of life patients.

Objective: To investigate the expression of caspase1 mRNA in hippocampus of(developing) rats following recurrent seizures and the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on it.Methods: One(hundred) and(sixty)two postnatal SpragueDawley rats of 20day old were randomly divided into three groups: the control group,the seizure group and the tetramethylpyrazine treated group.Seizure model of rats were induced by(inhalant) flurothyl daily in 6 consecutive days.Brain tissue was sampled at 6 hours,1 day,(3 days) and 7 days in each group after last seizure,and the expression of caspase1 mRNA in the hippocampus was(detected) by(reverse) transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).At the same time,the water content was(detected) and the pathological changes in the hippocampus of rats were observed after recurrent seizures and the brain injury was evaluated by using a semiquantitative neuropathological scoring system.Results: In(tetramethylpyrazine) treated group,the levels of caspase1 mRNA in the hippocampus,water content of brain tissues and neuropathological score at different time points were obviously lower than those in seizure group(except water content of brain tissues at 7 days,all P

Objective To explore the effect of GAS MAN assisted instruction on theory learning of volatile anesthetics in anesthesiology residency training.Methods A total of 32 residents in the first stage of anesthesiology training were enrolled and randomly assigned to either study(S) or control (C) group.Theory-test l(Test-1) was conducted for all residents after the lecture-based learning (LBL).Next,reference book self-reading strategy was used in both groups while computer-based simulation(CBS) using GAS MAN was only developed in S group.Then,theory-test 2(Test-2)was conducted for residents in both groups and residents in S group completed the questionnaire smvey.In addition,thirty-four resident teachers observed the CBS courses and completed the questionnaire smvey.Results The mean scores of Test-1 did not differ significantly between the two groups(P=0.64).However,the mean Test-2 score of S group(81.3 ± 13.6) was significantly higher than that of C group(61.3 ± 15.4) (P=0.001).100％(16/16) residents believed that CBS was beneficial to the theoretical study of volatile anesthetics,93.8％(15/16) residents considered GAS MAN could help understand the concepts and improve efficiency during self-learning.97.1％ (33/34) and 91.2％ (31/34)resident teachers agreed that CBS was helpful for analyzing complex concepts and improving study effectiveness,respectively.Conclusions CBS using GAS MAN improves theory knowledge and study effectiveness for anesthesia residents.Both residents and resident teachers find GAS MAN highly ac ceptable.Therefore,GAS MAN has the potential to be the assistant teaching tool for LBL in anesthesiology residency-training program.

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-3 and FasL in the hippocampus of the infantile rats with recurrent sei-zures. Methods 72 of 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, control group and seizure group. Seizures in rats were induced by inhalant flurothyl daily in six consecutive days. Brain tissue was sampled at different time points (the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day) after last seizure. The expressions of caspase-3 and FasL proteins in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The caspase-3 protein, FasL protein and caspnse-3 mRNA levels were obviously increased at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after recurrent seizure in the hippocampus of the rat(P<0.01). Conclusions Caspase-3 and FasL are participated in the infantile brain injury after recurrent seizures.

Objective To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba(银杏叶) extract on the expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus of the rats following recurrent seizures,the role of caspase-3 in the brain injury induced by seizures and the possible protective mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract against brain injury.Methods One hundred and eight Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats,twenty-day-old,were divided randomly into three groups: the control group,the seizure group and the Ginkgo biloba extract treatment group.Seizures models in rats were produced by consecutive inhalation of flurothyl daily for six days.The rats in the Ginkgo biloba extract treatment group received 50 mg/kg of the Ginkgo biloba extract through intra-abdominal injection immediately after every seizure,and after 12 hours another injection was repeated,while the rats in seizure group and control group received volume-matched saline through intra-abdominal injections.Brain tissue was sampled at different time points(1 day,3 days,7 days) after last seizure.The expression of caspase-3 protein in the hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The caspase-3 protein and caspase-3 mRNA levels at the time points of postseizure 1,3,7 days in the hippocampus of the rat pups in seizure group were much higher than those in control group,while they were highest on the post-seizure 3rd day(all P

Objectives To analyze the incidence of cranial nerve injury in patients after receiving carotid endarterectomy ( CEA) in a single-center and to investigate its correlation with surgical experiences. Methods The clinical data of patients underwent CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January. 2001 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Cranial nerve injury was assessed at day 7 after procedure according to the clinical symptoms,and they were followed up at 1,3,6, and 12 months. The incidence of permanent cranial nerve injury was evaluated. The incidences of permanent cranial nerve injury were further analyzed at two time periods ( from January 2001 to September 2011 and from October 2011 to December 2013 ) . Results ( 1 ) A total of 598 consecutive patients treated with CEA were enrolled,and 15 (2. 5%) of them had cranial nerve injury,including 2 (0. 3%) facial nerve injury,7 (1. 2%) hypoglossal nerve injury,and 6 (1. 0%) vagus nerve injury. Only 1 case (0. 2%) did not recover completely at 6 months after procedure. ( 2 ) The patients with cranial nerve injury were 10 (3. 2%,10/308) and 5 (1. 7%,5/290) respectively from January 2001 to September 2011 and from October 2011 to December 2013). There was no significant difference (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The incidence of cranial nerve injury was low after CEA,and most patients could recover completely. The increased surgical experiences did not show the reduction of cranial nerve injury rate evidently after CEA.

Objective To investigate whetherthe extract of HUANGPI inhibitthe secretion of TNF-αvia TLR4/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling pathway. Methods ELISA assay was performed to determine TNF-α level in cell culture medium. MTT assay was used to detect the effects of the extract of HUANGPI and LPS on the viabilities of RAW 264.7 cells. Proteinexpressions of TLR4 and TRAF6 were detected by Western blotting assay. Results The extract of HUANGPI inhibited the secretion of TNF-αin a dose-dependent manner. Compared to LPS group , were TNF-αwas significantly suppressed in the cells in LPS+MyD88 inhibitor group , LPS+extract group and LPS+extract+MyD88 inhibitor group,with the corresponding reductions of TLR4 and TRAF6 protein expression at74% and21%,70% and27%,44% and8.5%, respectively. Conclusion MYD88-dependent signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism underlying the effect of the extract of HUANGPI on suppressing LPS-induced inflammation.