OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of Jianpi Qinghua Recipe (JPQHR) on oxygen radicals and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) in renal tissue in a rat model of chronic renal failure with hyperlipidemia. METHODS: Chronic renal failure with hyperlipidemia was induced in rats in untreated group and JPQHR-treated group by 5/6 nephrectomy and high fat diet. Then the rats in these two groups were fed distilled water and JPQHR respectively for eight weeks. The rats in normal control group received no specific interventions. After eight weeks of treatment, the levels of 24 h urine protein (Upr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr), cholesterol (Ch), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of rats in these three groups were examined. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and expression level of TGFbeta1 mRNA in renal tissue of rats in each groups were also determined. RESULTS: The levels of 24 Upr, BUN and serum Cr, Ch, TG and LDL in the JPQHR-treated group were significantly lower than those in the untreated group. The contents of MDA and NEFA and the expression level of TGFbeta1 mRNA in the JPQHR-treated group were also significantly lower than those in the untreated group, while the activity of SOD was significantly increased in the JPQHR-treated group as compared with that in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that JPQHR can improve the renal function of rats with chronic renal failure and hyperlipidemia by regulating lipid metabolism, maintaining balance between prooxidants and antioxidants and reducing expression of TGFbeta1 mRNA in renal tissue.

Objective To study the expression of DDH and VEGF in esophageal carcinoma and their relationship, and their prognostic significance for patients of esophageal carcinoma.Methods The expression of DDH and VEGF in 61 esophageal carcinoma tissues and border areas were detected by immunohistochemistry SABC method.Results The positive rate of DDH and VEGF in esophageal carcinoma tissues are higher than those in border areas,both of their expression were correlated with TNM stages,grades of cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis.Patients expressing DDH and VEGF seemed to have a poor prognosis.The expression of DDH was found in a positive correlation with VEGF. Conclusion DDH and VEGF were correlated with the tumorigenesis and progression of esophageal carcinoma patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of fluorin dentifrice on the microhardness and whiting of dental enamel bleached with different concentration bleachers.Methods 6%carbamide peroxide(CP)and 30%CP were selected as bleachers.Twenty undefected molars were subjected to 3 groups.Groups A and B.which composed of 8 teeth each,were tested and group C was the control one.Group A(buccal surface)and group B(buccal surface)were treated with 6%CP.Group A (lingual surface)and group B(lingual surface)were treated with 30%CP.They were bleached 30 min every day for two weeks.The teeth in group B were brushed with fluorin dentifrice for 15 min after bleached every time and then all tested samples were kept in the artificial saliva at 37℃.Vickers microhardness of all teeth and color measurement of groups A and B were made before and at the end of bleaching procedure.Results The difference of microhardness values between the bleached and control samples were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Brushed with fluorin agent significantly increased the hardness of enamelin group B(P＜0.05).The color change was not significant between bleached samples.Conclusion Using fluoride in the interphase of bleaching makes this therapy safer,and does not affect the whitening effect.

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of SOD, GSH and MDA in the renal tissues of diabetes rat models through the comparison of their metabolic features. METHODS: Two types of diabetes rat models were established by feeding high-lipid food along with small dose injecting of streptozotocin (STZ) (model group 1) and repeated small dose injecting of STZ with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (model group 2). And changes of the following were observed: body weight, urine volume, blood sugar, blood lipid, serum insulin, insulin sensitive index (ISI),superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the renal tissues. RESULTS: The body weight of the two model groups of rats decreased, while the urine volume and the blood sugar increased predominantly. These indexes of the two model groups were significantly different from those of the normal group (P<0.05). The renal tissue MDA level increased while the SOD and GSH level decreased in both model group 1 and model group 2, but the changes in model group 1 were more obvious than those in the model group 2. The serum insulin level which decreased in model group 2 did not decrease significantly in model group 1, but the ISI in model group 1 decreased more significantly than that in model group 2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The antioxidase activity decreased in renal tissues of diabetes rats and hyperlipidemia was the main cause of the corresponding oxidations.

OBJECTIVE: To study the modifying effect and mechanism of Tangshenning Recipe on micro-albuminuria in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the normal group (n=8) and model group (n=24). Intraperitoneal injecting of streptozotocin (STZ) plus complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was applied once a week for 3 times to induce the DN rats model. Three weeks later, the model group rats were randomly divided into pathologic group (n=8), monopril group (n=8) and Tangshenning Recipe group(n=8) according to the 24 h U-Alb. Each group's renal hemodynamics index and SOD, GSH, MDA in renal tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and colorimetric method respectively. RESULTS: The levels of plasmatic TXB(2), the ratio of TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF1alpha, and the CGRP in pathologic group were significantly higher than those in normal group. The levels of plasmatic ET decreased obviously, SOD decreased and MDA increased significantly in the rats' renal tissue of pathologic group. The levels of plasmatic TXB(2), the ratio of TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF1alpha decreased significantly in both Tangshenning Recipe group and monopril group, and the therapeutic effect of Tangshenning Recipe group was better than that of monopril group. SOD was higher and MDA was lower in Tangshenning Recipe group than that in pathologic group. CONCLUSION: The results indicates that Tangshenning Recipe can lower the micro-albuminuria in early DN rats, the mechanism of which probably lies in the modification of glycometabolism, the ratio of TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the plasmatic CGRP and the renal lipid preoxidation.

Newly synthesized retinoic acid derivative-retinamide (RII) was employed as differentiation inducing agent. Cultured tumor cells of epithelial origin were exposed to 10-5mol/L RII for 5 passages. These cells included mouse fore stomach carcinoma (MFC, lung metastatic rate 85%), human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (CNE-2Z, 56%), and clonal variants from CNE-2Z, CNE2L2 (100%) and CNE2L4 (13%) . The results of serial observation were as follows. The growth, clone-forming ability, motility, invasiveness of these tumor cells were obviously inhibted. Their adhesion to fibronectin and laminin was increased. Morphological ultrastructure changes, mainly of surface structure, were also observed. These changes suggested that RII made metastatic cells less aggressive and showed a tendency toward differentiation. After exposured to RII, different changes of oncogene and antioncogene expression of these tumor cells were detected. For example, RE caused expression of nm23in MFC cells, but down regulated (decreased) its expression in CNE2L2 cells and similar changes of rasH, fos, nm23, Rb. Expression were observed for CNE-2Z cells and its clonal variants CNE2L2 CNE2ZL2. RII down regulated both these oncogene and antioncogenes in both CNE-2Z and CNE2L2, but up regulated all of them in CNE2L4. The results indicated that oncogene and antioncogene may play different roles in different tumor cells, the same factor (RII) may lead to different changes of gene-expression in different metastatic tumor cells. So the function of oncogene and antioncogene may be of relativity and may be influenced by multifactors. Our data were mostly from in vitro experiments. It could not be deduced completely to a level as a whole in vivo.

Objective To investigate the response of retinal ganglion cells (RGC)in detached and reattached retina in adult rats, and the effect of IL-1beta antibody and IL-1Ra on the loss of RGC. Methods A total of 73 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subretinally injected with healon GV(1.4% hyaluronate)and retrograde labeled with fluorogold (FG), and 10 ng IL-1Ra and 500 ng IL-1beta antibody were injected into the subretinal space combined with healon GV. The retinal flakes were observed under the fluoroscope and the number of RGC was counted 2 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 50, and 90 days after detachment; 10 days after detachment and 30 days after reattachement; 90 days after detachment and 20 days after reattachement, and 1 and 10 days after injection with IL-1beta antibody and IL-1Ra,respectively. And the control group was only developed an intraocular injection of the same valume of healon GV. Result Two hours after detachment, the RGC loss was found, reached the peak at first day, and decreased gradually. RGC loss was also found in the non-detached area. The reattachment 10 days after detachment (early reattachment) stopped the loss of RGC, and the reattachment 90 days after detachment (late reattachment) promoted the loss, which rested on a certain level. Subretinal space injection of IL-1Ra and IL-1beta antibody decreased the loss of RGCs in the detached retina. Conclusion The RGCs loss were found both in the detached and attached retina. Early reattachment may stop the loss of RGC, and late reattachment may promote the loss. Both IL-1beta antibody and IL-1Ra have neuroprotective effect on RGC.

Objective To investigate the effects of ω-3 fatty acids (FA) on inflammatory reaction and immunologic function of patients after hepatectomy. Methods Totally 82 patients were randomized into control group and ω-3 FA group. Both groups received parenteral nutrition (PN) with equal nitrogen and calories. Patients in the control group received medium and long-chain lipid emulsion, and those in the ω-3 FA group received ω-3 FA combined with medium and long-chain lipid emulsion. Liver function test (serum total protein, prealbumin, albumin ,aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) , blood coagulation function (international normalized ratio) , immune globubin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) , CD3 and CD4/CD8 were measured on the first, third, and seventh post-operative day. Results Serum total protein in the ω-3 FA group [(61. 40 ±5. 12) g/L] was significantly higher than in the control group [(58. 54 ± 5. 53 ) g/L] (P = 0. 018 ) . Aspartate aminotransferase in the ω-3 FA group [(32. 37 ± 11. 92) U/L] was significantly lower than in the control group [(42. 50 ± 29. 97) U/L] (P = 0. 048). IgA in the ω-3 FA group [(2. 67 ± 1. 01) g/L] was significantly higher than in the control group [(2. 15 ±0.77) g/L] (P=0.027). IL-1β in the ω-3 FA group [(7.88 ±6.45) pg/ml] was significantly lower than in the control group [(12. 98 ± 11. 07) pg/ml] (P = 0.034). IL-2 in the ω-3 FA group [(24.98±20.38) pg/ml] was significantly lower than the control group [(43. 09 ± 20. 74) pg/ml] (P = 0.002). The white blood cell counts and coagulation function were not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion Total PN containing ω-3 FA can effectively improve immunologic function and liver function of patients after hepatectomy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible effect of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in experimental retinal detachment,and the role in proliferation.MethodsThe experimental retinal detachment and reattachment in different time were made using Sprague-Dawley rats. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in neuro-retina was tested with flow cytometry at different time. IL-1β in neuro-retina were analyzed by labeling with polyclonal IL-1β antibody. The level of IL-1β in neuro-retina were tested with radio-immune method. IL-1β antibody 1000 ng,IL-1Ra 20 ng were injected in the subretinal space of some rats before PCNA reached to its high point respectively,and the expression of PCNA of them were compared with that of control which were injected with 0.01 M PBS.ResultsIL-1β expressed in Muller cell,astrocyte,vascular endothelial cell in neuro-retina and reached to its peak at the 7th day after detachment,then declined and continued at a low level as long as the retina detached.The expression of PCNA began at the second day after detachment, and reached a maximum at about 10 days after,then declined and continued at a low level as long as the retina detached. IL-1βantibody and IL-1Ra could restrain the expression of PCNA.ConclusionProinflammatory cytokine IL-1β is the key factor in proliferation of experimental retinal detachment.

This article provides an overview of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemics in mainland China and of what we have learned since the outbreak.The epidemics spanned a large geographical extent but clustered in two regions:first in Guangdong Province,and about 3 months later in Beijing and its surrounding areas.The resulting case fatality ratio of 6.4％ was less than half of that in other SARS-affected countries and regions,partly due to younger-aged patients and a higher proportion of community-acquired infections.Strong political commitment and a centrally coordinated response were most important for controlling SARS.The long-term economic consequence of the epidemic was limited.Many recovered patients suffered from avascular osteonecrosis,as a consequence of corticosteroid usage during their infection.The SARS epidemic provided valuable experience and lessons relevant in controlling outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases,and has led to fundamental reforms of the Chinese health system.Additionally,the epidemic has substantially improved infrastructures,surveillance systems,and capacity to response to health emergencies.In particular,a comprehensive nationwide internet-based disease reporting system was established.