There is a huge demand of assistive service from persons with disabilities in China. To set up a security system of assistive technology at nation level will help the disabled to get service. This paper introduced the function of assistive device, discussed the necessity of setting up assistive service security system from the perspective of human right, social civilization, government duty, social security, in-dustry.

0.05). But there were statistic difference in the those indexes and pathological changes of bile duct and liver between A and ligation groups on the 30th and 90th day after operation (P

Objective To investigate the variation of morbidity and clinical features of Henoch-Seh(o)nlein purpura (HSP) in childhood in recent years.Methods The clinical data of 901 cases with HSP admitted to our hospital from January 1,1995 to December 31,2005 were retrospectively analyzed.The constitute rate of admission,the initial clinical presentations,specific manifestations such as multi-system 23/2165(1.06%),29/2098(1.38%),24/1973(1.22%),39/2008(1.94%),54/2433(2.22%),86/2611(3.29%),94/2724(3.45%),99/3014(3;28%),138/2900(4.76%),143/3177(4.50%)and 172/3500(4.91%),resp-sixty-five of 901 HSP children (1 8.3%) had no palpable purpura at onset, 90 cases initially manifested as abdominal pain and (or) gastrointestinal bleeding,14 of them was diagnosed by gastroendoscopy which demonstrated mucous membrane vasculitis.Sixty-three cases manifested as arthritis/arthralgias,6 cases presented as renal involvement,1 case with neurological symptoms and 5 cases with other symptoms at their pancreatic involvement was present in 3 cases,cardiac involvement in 47 Cases and one case had lung hemorrhage.Conclusion The morbidity of HSP has increased in recent years.The diagnosis in patients who do not have palpable purpura at onset and patients who present with the cerebral,pulmonary,cardiac and pancreatic involvement as the initial manifestations is difficult.Special attention should be paid to this group of patients.Gastrointestinal endoscope is valuable in diagnosing HSP in patients whose initial symptoms are abdominal pain and (or) gastrointestinal bleeding.

PURPOSE: Cancer stem cells have recently been thought to be closely related to tumor development and reoccurrence. It may be a promising way to cure malignant glioma by using glioma stem cell-targeted dendritic cells as a tumor vaccine. In this study, we explored whether pulsing dendritic cells with antigens of glioma stem cells was a potent way to induce specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and anti-tumor immunity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer stem cells were cultured from glioma cell line U251. Lysate of glioma stem cells was obtained by the repeated freezing and thawing method. Dendritic cells (DCs) were induced and cultured from the murine bone marrow cells, the biological characteristics were detected by electron microscope and flow cytometry. The DC vaccine was obtained by mixing DCs with lysate of glioma stem cells. The DC vaccine was charactirizated through the mixed lymphocyte responses and cell killing experiment in vitro. Level of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the supernatant was checked by ELISA. RESULTS: After stimulation of lysate of glioma stem cell, expression of surface molecules of DC was up-regulated, including CD80, CD86, CD11C and MHC-II. DCs pulsed with lysate of glioma stem cells were more effective than the control group in stimulating original glioma cells-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes responses, killing glioma cells and boosting the secretion of IFN-gamma in vitro. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated DCs loaded with antigens derived from glioma stem cells can effectively stimulate naive T cells to form specific cytotoxic T cells, kill glioma cells cultured in vitro.
Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology ; Apoptosis ; Brain Neoplasms/*therapy ; Cancer Vaccines/*therapeutic use ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Dendritic Cells/*cytology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Flow Cytometry ; Glioma/*therapy ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*cytology ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology

Objective To discuss the influence of Tanshinone ⅡA on the tight junction protein of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in rat severe septic models. Methods Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and Tanshinone ⅡA injection high (20 mg/kg), medium (10 mg/kg) and low (5 mg/kg) dose groups, each group 15 rats. Sepsis rat models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method, in sham operation group, only switched abdominal surgery was performed without CLP. In Tanshinone ⅡA injection groups, different doses of Tanshinone ⅡA were injected intraperitoneally after modeling for 10 minutes and 6 hours; in sham operation and model groups, equal volume of normal saline was injected intraperitoneally at the same times as above. After operation, 3 L/kg of normal saline was injected into the caudal vein in all rats for fluid resuscitation.Twelve hours after operation, the rats were killed, the abdominal lymph nodes, liver, spleen and kidney tissues were taken for bacterial culture and calculating the rate of bacterial translocation; under microscope, the histopathological changes of ileum mucosal tissues were examined and Chiu scoring was carried out; TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was applied to detect the ileum mucosal epithelial cell apoptosis and calculating the index (AI);fluorescence immunoassay and Western Blot methods were used to measure the contents and protein expression levels of tight junction protein, junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM), Claudin-1, Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, c-Fos and Tryptase. Results ① In bacterial cultures of abdominal lymph node, liver, spleen and kidney, the positive rate of mesenteric lymph node was the highest, followed by liver and spleen, mainly Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, etc. The highest positive rate of bacterial culture was in model group (38.8%), followed by low dose of Tanshinone ⅡA injection group (35.0%), and the lowest was 16.6% in high dose Tanshinone ⅡA injection group, the differences being statistically significant in comparisons between any pair of groups (all P < 0.05). ② Pathological examination showed that the pathological changes of ileum mucosa were obvious and the Chiu score (4.17±0.98 vs. 0) and AI (11.70±2.87 vs. 2.17±0.80) in model group were significantly higher than those in sham group (all P < 0.05); with the increase of dosage of Tanshinone ⅡA injection, the pathological changes of rat ileum mucosa were improved gradually, the Chiu score and AI were decreased gradually, and the degrees of decrease in high dose Tanshinone ⅡA group were more significant than those in model group (Chiu score: 1.12±0.79 vs. 4.17±0.98, AI: 3.65±1.98 vs. 11.70±2.87, both P < 0.05).③ Immunofluorescence staining showed that the positive staining of protein JAM, ZO-1 and c-Fos were all green in color, Claudin-1, Occludin and Tryptase were all red in color, the localizations of all of them were in the cytoplasm, the protein expression of JAM, Claudin-1, ZO-1, Occludin from strong to weak in turn were Sham group, high, medium, low dose Tanshinone ⅡA group and model group, the expression of c-Fos, Tryptase from strong to weak in turn were model group, low, medium, high dose Tanshinone ⅡA group and Sham group. ④ Western Blot showed that the expressions of ileum tissue JAM, Claudin-1, ZO-1 and Occludin in model group were all significantly lower than those of the sham group, while the expressions of c-Fos, Tryptase were obviously higher than those of the sham group, with the increase of dosage of Tanshinone ⅡA, the expressions of JAM, Claudin-1, ZO-1 and Occludin were increased gradually and the protein expressions of c-Fos and Tryptase were gradually decreased, and the changes in high dosage group of Tanshinone ⅡA were more significant than those in low and moderate groups [JAM (gray value): 25.39±1.82 vs. 12.41±1.34, 19.45±1.66, Claudin-1 (gray value): 28.44±1.56 vs.17.26±1.46, 21.23±1.34, ZO-1 (gray value): 28.84±1.59 vs. 16.45±1.21, 24.22±1.46, Occludin (gray value): 25.49±1.63 vs. 13.34±1.45, 19.45±1.37, c-Fos (gray value):15.76±1.36 vs. 27.84±1.36, 21.22±1.73, Tryptase (gray value): 14.44±1.41 vs. 28.14±1.38, 22.32±1.57], all the above comparisons of different dosage groups were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA injection may improve intestinal wall structure and reduce bacterial translocation by improving the intestinal mucosal tight junction protein in sepsis model rats, and this effect is positively correlated to Tanshinone ⅡA dosage.

Objective To explore the effects of curcumin on pro-inflammatory factors in the lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVEC) model stimulated by thrombus. Methods The LMVECs were divided into six groups according to the random number table method. No treatment was given to the blank control group ; the model group was cultured for 7 hours in normal medium; the curcumin group was treated with 40 μmol/L curcumin for 72 hours ; the shRNA group was infected with shRNA adenovirus for 72 hours; the irregular chemokines (CX3CL1) overexpression group was infected with CX3CL1 overexpressing adenovirus for 72 hours; the shRNA+curcumin group infected with shRNA adenovirus and treated with 40 μmol/L curcumin together for 72 hours; CX3CL1 overexpression +curcumin group infected with CX3CL1 overexpressing adenovirus and treated with 40 μmol/L curcumin together for 72 hours. After each group was given the corresponding pretreatment, the thrombus natural precipitation was added each group for 12 hours. The contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the mRNA expression levels of CX3CL1, CX3CL1 receptor (CX3CR1), IL-6, TNF-α and the protein expression levels of CX3CL1/CX3CR1, CX3CR1/NF-κB in various groups were observed, repeat 3 times in each group. Results The contents and mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-αand protein expression of CX3CR1, NF-κB in the LMVEC group were significantly higher than those in blank control group [IL-6 (ng/L): 207.90±16.69 vs. 85.93±20.32, TNF-α (ng/L): 239.60±15.27 vs. 101.23±11.92; IL-6 mRNA: 0.66±0.05 vs. 0.11±0.02, TNF-α mRNA: 1.06±0.04 vs. 0.02±0.01; CX3CR1 protein:3.94±0.58 vs. 1.00±0.31, NF-κB protein: 1.20±0.07 vs. 1.00±0.10; all P < 0.05]; the contents of IL-6 in shRNA group, CX3CL1 overexpression group, shRNA + curcumin group, CX3CL1 overexpression + curcumin group were all obviously lower than those in LMVEC group (ng/L: 183.60±11.52, 159.27±15.02, 117.03±7.91, 119.97±11.43 vs. 207.90±16.69, all P < 0.01); the content of TNF-α was markedly increased in shRNA group compared with that of LMVEC group (ng/L: 282.00±5.63 vs. 239.6±15.27), while the contents of TNF-α in CX3CL1 overexpression group, shRNA+ curcumin group, CX3CL1 overexpression + curcumin group were all lower than those in LMVEC group (ng/L: 216.97±9.20, 203.97±19.03, 191.97±17.50 vs. 239.6±15.27, all P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels in CX3CL1 overexpression group and CX3CL1 overexpression + curcumin group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group and the LMVEC group (CX3CL1 mRNA: 55 210.3±1 209.2, 165 296.3±8 082.4 vs. 3.3±0.6, 2.0±0.0, all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IL-6 in shRNA group was higher than that in LMVEC group (0.82±0.17 vs. 0.66±0.05), the mRNA expression level of IL-6 in CX3CL1 overexpression was lower than that in LMVEC group (0.29±0.03 vs. 0.66±0.05), the changes after pretreatment with curcumin were more significant (1.06±0.03 vs. 0.66±0.05 and 0.15±0.01 vs. 0.66±0.05); the mRNA expressions of TNF-α in shRNA group, CX3CL1 overexpression group, shRNA+ curcumin group were significantly lower than those in LMVEC group (0.41±0.04, 0.88±0.07, 1.01±0.02 vs. 1.06±0.04), the mRNA expression level of TNF-α in CX3CL1 overexpression + curcumin group was significantly higher than that in LMVEC group (1.36±0.01 vs. 1.06±0.04). The protein expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, NF-κB in shRNA group, CX3CL1 overexpression group, shRNA + curcumin group, CX3CL1 overexpressing + curcumin group were significantly higher than those in the LMVEC group (CX3CL1 protein: 0.41±0.07, 0.59±0.09, 0.69±0.61, 1.02±0.23 vs. 1.33±0.33, CX3CR1 protein: 0.85±0.18, 1.10±0.16, 1.32±0.18, 1.54±0.08 vs. 3.94±0.58, NF-κB protein: 0.33±0.07, 0.41±0.08, 0.41±0.07, 0.63±0.08 vs. 1.20±0.07). Conclusion Curcumin can inhibit the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, CX3CR1 and NF-κB in thrombus-stimulated LMVEC model.

Moyamoya disease(MMD)is a bilateral stenosis occlusional disease that selectively affects the superior segment of clinoid of the internal carotid artery with secondary abnormal vascular network formation at the base of the skull.Intracranial and extracranial vascular reconstruction is the main treatment of moyamoya disease.However,moyamoya disease revasectomy still faces many challenges,with high requirements of surgical techniques and high risk of complications.In this paper,the perioperative management of cerebrovascular reconstruction in moyamoya disease was discussed in terms of surgical indications,surgical timing,patient management,surgical methods of cerebrovascular reconstruction and postoperative complications,so as to provide reference for improving the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration ( EUS-FNA) on malignant lesions in gastrointestinal adjacent tissue, and further to analyze the risk factors influencing positive rate of EUS-FNA. Methods The clinical data of 171 patients undergoing EUS-FNA from January 2009 to May 2016 were collected. The lesion location, size and characteristics, the number of needle passes, puncture suction negative pressure, size of puncture needle, and years of operator experience in EUS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of malignant lesions were 78. 3％ ( 83/106) , 100. 0％ ( 65/65) , and 86. 5％( 148/171) , respectively. The univariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk factors of EUS-FNA were lesion location, lesion characteristics, and lesion size. In multivariate analysis, larger lesion size ( OR=1. 029, 95％CI: 1. 011-1. 047, P=0. 001) and lesion characteristics of solid ( OR=5. 098, 95％CI:1. 324-19. 633, P=0. 018) were independent factors affecting the positive rate of EUS-FNA. Among 171 cases performed by EUS-FNA, the incidence of postoperative complications was 1. 75％ ( 3/171 ) included 2 cases of fever and 1 case of acute pancreatitis, which were improved after conservative treatment. Conclusion EUS-FNA is a safe and effective method of cytological and histological diagnosis with high accuracy and sensitivity, importantly in distinguish malignancy from benign lesion in gastrointestinal adjacenttissue. Positive rate of diagnosis on malignant lesions by EUS-FNA is positively correlated with lesion size, and EUS-FNA positive rate of solid malignant lesions is significantly higher than that of cystic lesions.

AIM: To explore the improvement effect and mechanism of crocin on cognitive impairmrnt of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rats. METHODS: The hippocampus of SD rats were injected with Aβ 25-35 to establish AD model, then rats were randomly divided into AD group, AD + low, medium, high dose of crocin groups (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) and AD + donepezil group (1 mg/kg), intraperitoneal injection treatment for 4 weeks, set sham group. Dark avoidance test and water maze test were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities of rats, ELISA was used to detect serum Aβ content, HE staining and Tunel staining were used to determine pathological changes and neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus of rats, immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Brdu, Dcx and NeuN in hippocampus of rats, and Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of Aβ, DKK3, β-catenin, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 in hippocampus of rats. RESULTS: Compared to sham group, the learning and memory abilities of AD group rats were decreased, serum Aβ content increased, the pathological change in hippocampus was serious, neuronal apoptosis was increased, the expression of Brdu, Dcx, NeuN were decreased, the protein expression of Aβ, DKK3, p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, Caspase-3, Bax were increased, protein expression of β-catenin, Bcl-2 were decreased (P<0.01). Compared to AD group, after the treatment of doses of crocin and donepezil, the learning and memory abilities of AD rats were improved, serum Aβ content were increased, and the pathological change in hippocampus were alleviated, neuronal apoptosis were reduced, the expression of Brdu, Dcx, NeuN were decreased, the protein expression of Aβ, DKK3, p-GSK-3β/ GSK-3β, Caspase-3, Bax were decreased, the protein expression of β-catenin, Bcl-2 were increased, notely, dose-dependent effect of crocin was significant. CONCLUSION: Crocin reduced neuronal apoptosis and mediated DKK3 to regulate GSK-3β/ β-catenin pathway to improve the cognitive impairment of AD rats.

Objective:To explore the application of mobile augmented reality (mAR) technology in the teaching of neuroanatomy, and to observe its effect on students' academic performance and cognitive load.Methods:By collecting and designing various neuroanatomy multimedia teaching resources (graphics, animations and videos), using augmented reality (AR) marker-based image recognition technology, the multimedia resources were placed at the tags in the traditional book pages to make the books interactive. And various multimedia resources were combined with traditional printed books through mobile devices. Forty students were randomized into the experimental group or the control group. The experimental group was taught with mAR multimedia materials, and the control group adopted traditional teaching methods. After a 6-hour course was completed, all students had a unified test, and the academic performance test and the PAAS(platform-as-a-service) cognitive load scale were used for data collection and analysis. The variance analyses (MANOVA and ANOVA) were used for significance testing.Results:One-way MANOVA test was used to determine the learning effect of mAR on academic performance and cognitive load. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group ( P<0.05). The univariate ANOVA test found that the experimental group students who learned neuroanatomy through mAR had better test scores than the control group students. In addition, compared with the control group students, the cognitive load of students in experimental group was significantly reduced, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Through the teaching practice, we found that using mAR to learn neuroanatomy helps students improve their academic performance while reducing their cognitive load.