Adipose Tissue ; cytology ; physiology ; Animals ; Humans ; Leptin ; physiology ; Stromal Cells ; physiology

OBJECTIVE To investigate the toxicological effect of patulin(PAT)on the growth of human normal liver cells L-02 and its possible mechanisms. METHODS After cells were treated with PAT 1.25, 2.5,5,10 and 20μmol·L-1 for 24 or 48 h,cell viability was examined using MTT assay. L-02 cells were treated with PAT 5 and 10 μmol · L- 1 for 24 h ,respectively. Cytomorphology and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Apoptosis,MMP and reactive oxygen species (ROS)were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mitochondria apoptosis pathways were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS PAT exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on L-02 in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. IC50 of PAT treatment for 24 or 48 h was 6.61 and 2.78 μmol · L-1,respectively. MMP was decreased,while the percentage of low MMP cells increased from(9.2±2.3)%in controls to(23.4±4.5)%( PAT 5μmol·L-1)and(47.1±5.5)%(PAT 10μmol·L-1), respectively. Compared to untreated cells,the early apoptosis population increased from(3.8±1.1)%to(29.8±4.5)%( PAT 5μmol·L-1)and (24.1±6.2)%(PAT 10μmol·L-1)(P<0.01),respectively. Further?more,the accumulation of ROS was also observed. The effect of PAT on ROS and cell viabilities could be attenuated by glutathione. CONCLUSION PAT can significantly inhibit the growth of L-02 and induce apoptosis via ROS-dependent mitochondria pathways.

Objective To investigate the effects of HMME mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) on apoptosis of murine hepatoma cell line MM45T-Li.MethodsThe photodynamic treatment on MM45T-Li cells was performed in vitro using HMME as photosensitizer and 630 nm laser as light source.The ceils were incubated with HMME of 2.5,5,10 and 20 μg/ml for 4 h respectively,and then irradiated with laser at different dosages.The dark toxicity of HMME and the activity of cells after PDT were evaluated by MTT assay.The effect of PDT on apoptosis were observed by Hoechst fluorescent staining analysis.ResultsMTT assay showed that there were no significant effects on cell growth in each concentration group of HMME when the cells were not exposed to light.The inhibition ratio of cells increased with laser dosage at HMME concentration of 10 and 20 μg/ml.Chromatin condensation,nuclear pyknosis and karyorrhexis were observed after PDT by Hoechst fluorescent staining analysis.The apoptosis rate increased in groups of 5.4 J/cm2 and 7.2 J/cm2 compared with that of control (P＜0.05).Conclusion HMME mediated PDT can efficiently induce the apoptosis of MM45T-Li cells.

Objective To reflect the spatial distribution of brucellosis among 7 counties in Qinghai Province from 2011 to 2013 with Geographic Information System (GIS) map.Method Epidemiological situations were overlay analyzed in infectious rate and prevalence rate with QHEndemic-GIS and SPSS 17.0 by statistics and mapping.Results Brucellosis was detected in 7 counties through the spatial distribution map.The infectious rate and prevalence rate of brucellosis were showing a phenomenon of high and low alternation in 3 years;meanwhile the prevalence in Gonghe County showed an obviously upward trend with the rates of 0.50％ (1/201),1.50％ (3/200),and 3.73％ (9/241),respectively.Conclusions GIS could reflect the state of brucellosis infection directly and correctly.Prevalence of brucellosis in the 7 counties has showed a sporadic phenomenon,and the prevalence of brucellosis has covered a wide region and many populations are at risk of this disease.The prevalence has showed an up-ward trend in these regions,which provides a scientific basis for prevention and control of brucellosis in these key regions.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for upper gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasms.Methods A total of 19 lesions diagnosed as neuroendocrine neoplasm were treated by ESD.Pathological diagnosis was performed.Adverse eventss were recorded.Patients were followed up for recurrence and metastasis.Results Lesions,0.4-1.5 cm (mean 0.9 cm) in diameter,were all resected at one ESD procedure.The operation time was 15-50 min (mean 20 min).No mass bleeding or perforation occurred.18 cases were histologically diagnosed as neuroendocrine tumors,with 16 as G1 and 2 as G2.One lesion was confirmed as G3 neuroendocrine carcinoma and the patient was referred for extensive surgery.All resected samples were free of residual tumor cell in the lateral and basal margins.Postoperative bleeding occurred in one case and was controlled endoscopically.No recurrence was detected during a mean follow-up of 28 months.Conclusion ESD,as a novel procedure for the treatment of the upper gastrointestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm,is safe and efficacious in clinic.

Objective To investigate the effect of fetal hemoglobin( HbF) in improving anemia of women who were β‐thalasse‐mia carriers at childbearing age .Methods 289 cases of women at childbearing age diagnosed as β‐thalassemia carriers in Shenzhen City were enrolled in this study .The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was uesed for quantitative analysis of HbF , and the red blood cell parameters were detected by using the LH750 Automatic blood cell analyzer .The differences of red blood cell parameters between the HbF normal group and the HbF increased group were compared ,and the relationship between the high HbF expression rates and gene mutations were also analyzed .Results Comapred with the HbF normal group ,the hemoglobin (HGB) levels ,mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly ,while the red blood cell (RBC) count reduced ,there were significant differences between the two groups (P<0 .05) .No significant differ‐ences of the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and RDW coefficient of variation (RDW‐CV) between the two groups were found(P>0 .05) .There were no significant differnces of rates of HBF high expression between different types of β‐globin gene mutations and the overall rate of HBF high expression (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Compared with the HbF normal group , anemia may improve more significantly in cases of women diagnosed as β‐thalassemia carriers at childbearing age in the HbF in‐creased group ,and there may be no relationship between gene mutations and high expression of HbF .

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare for the treatment of colorectal polyps.MethodsThe clinical data of 345 patients with colorectal polyps who received the treatment of nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare at the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2006 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Complications including bleeding and perforation were observed.Postoperative wound healing and local residual recurrence were assessed during follow-up.ResultsA total of 362 colorectal polyps were successfully removed.The mean diameter of the colorectal polyps was 2.7 cm (range,1.5-4.0 cm). Operative bleeding occurred in 1 patient,and perforation in 1 patient.The results of histological examination showed that 93.6％(339/362) colorectal polyps were adenoma,17 were hyperplastic polyps,5 were inflammatory polyps,and caneeration of colorectal polyps in 1 patient was detected.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 334 patients at the first month after operation,and 9 patients with residual benign colorectal polyps received endoscopic resection.No residue or recurrence was found in the other patients.Endoscopic follow-up was completed in 308 patients at the second months after operation,and no residue or recurrence was found.The overall effective rate was 97.1％ (299/308).ConclusionEndoscopic nylon ligation combined with endoscopic high-frequency electric snare is effective and safe for the treatment of colorectal polyps.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and clinical value of endoscopic decompression with metal stent and colorectal tube for acute malignant colorectal obstruction. Methods With the aid of fluoroscopy, 26 cases with acute malignant colorectal obstruction were treated. Their obstructive sites consisted of rectum(n=14), sigmoid colon(n=8), descending colon(n=2) and transverse colon(n=1). Results In 18 of 26 patients, metal stents were successfully inserted (18/20, 90%), in 6 cases colorectal tube were successfully inserted(6/6, 100%), the total technical success rate was 92. 3% (24/26). Thereafter, 1 patient has no effect, 23 patients showed relief of obstructive symptoms within 1-2 days, the clinical success rate was 88.5% (23/26). Permanent metal stent placements were performed in 13 cases for palliative treatment, 10 underwent subsequent elective surgical resection after 7 ~ 10 days, without complications, such as anastomotic leakage and intraperitoneal infection. One case was failed in recurrent rectal carcinoma after resection, one case with widespread metastatic sigmoid colon carcinoma occurred colon perforation and received immediate Hartmann operation. Recurrent obstruction was detected in one patient with distal stent migration within 6 weeks, and second stent were placed to solve the problems. Stent occlusion from stool impaction was found in one patient 1 month after stent insertion, and was solved by endoscpic interventions. Conclusion Endoscopic decompression with metal stent and colorectal tube can alleviate the acute malignant colorectal obstructive sympotoms with high success rate. It is a simple, safe, effective and well tolerated method, and can obviate colostomy, prominently reduce trauma and agony, and increase the living quality of patients.

Objective To investite the effect of endotoxin pretreatment on lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia reperfusion in rabbits and its mechanism. Method Forty-eight New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into4 groups with 12 rabbits each group:routine control group,pretreatment control group,ischemia reperfusion group (IR group), and preperfusion group( LPS + IR group). Rabbits of routine control group received operative dissector only, and those of pretreatment control group received pretratment of daily intraabdominal injection of lipopo|ysaccharide(O.5,0.5,and 1.0 mg/kg,respectively)in the 3 days before operative dissector.Livers of IR group were rendered and ischeraic for 30 minutes, and repeffused for up to 4 hours. Rabbits of LPS +IR group received the preueaunent before heretic ischemia repeffusion. Four hours after reperfusion, serum endotoxin,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), wet/dry ratio and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid protein content of lung,malondialdehyde(MDA) and mpenrxide dismutase(SOD) in lung homogenate, lung injury ratio, and activity of Nuclear factor-kB(NF-kB) in alveolar macrophage wene examined. Differences within the groups were analyzed using One way ANOVA. Results Between the two control groups,there were no significant differences in all indexes(P>0.05). The TNF-α[ (48.31±5.31)pg/ml vs.(56.47±5.09)pg/ml, P<0.01],wet/dry ratio [(4.98±0.33)vs. (5.22±0.31), P = 0.03],broncho-alveolar hvage fluid protein content[(0.68±0.11)g/L vs. (0.76±0.10)g/L, P =0.04],MDA[(0.86±0.06)nmol/mg vs. (0.93±0.07)nmol/mg, P =0.02],lung injury ra-tio[(13.4±4.3)% vs. (17.4±4.1)%, P = 0.03],and the activity of NF-gB[(5.82±1.12)OD/mm2 vs.(7.40±1.26)OD/mm2, P<0.01] in alveolar macrophage of the LPS+ IB group were all significantly lower than those of IB group, while the SOD[ (90.30±7.38 )U/rag vs. (84.44±7.90 )U/rag, P = 0.04]of LPS + IR group was significantly higher than that of IR group. Conclusions Endotoxin pretrealment may ameliorate the lung injury induced by hepatic isehernia reperfusion. The mechanism may be that endotoxin pretreatment deoreases production of serum TNF-α and the activity of NF-kB in alveolar maerophage.

Objective To compare the effects and safety of endoscopic balloon dilation with surgical therapy in treating esophageal achalasia. Methods The patients who were diagnosed as achalasia of cardia from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2007 were consecutively collected. All patients were divided into endoscopic balloon dilation group (endoscopy group), thorascopic / laparoseopic surgery group (telescopy group) and standard thoracotomy group (operation group). The efficacy, relapse rate and safety were compared among three groups. Results Ninety eight patients were enrolled. There were 57 patients in endoscopy group, 24 patients in telescopy group, and 17 patients in opreation group. All of the patients completed the treatment. There was one case (1.6%) in endoscopy group complicated with esophageal rupture, two (8.3%) in telescopy group complicated with esophageal fistula, and one (5.9%) in operation group complicated with severe post-operation pneumonia infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome and infectious shock. The rest patients had symptomatic relief of dysphagia in different degrees after therapy, and that was further confirmed by symptoms assessment, x-ray, or endoscopic examination after one month. Five patients (8.9%) in endoscopy group relapsed, with a duration of 5 to 31 months (mean 8 months), and underwent re-dilation or stent placement successfully. One patient (4.2%) in telescopy group relapsed after 6 months and underwent re-dilation successfully. No one relapsed in operation group. Conclusions Compared with standard operation group and telescopy group, endoscopic balloon dilation is deserved to use widely in clinical application with its advantages of simple, convenient and low complication. In spite of its relapse, it still can be remedied well by endoscopic re-dilation or stent placement.