Aim To study antidiabetic effect and mechanism of Mogroside extracts(MGC) on hyperglycemic mice induced by Alloxan.Methods Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were fed with MGC at dose of 50,100?300,500 mg?kg~(-1) bw respectively for 30 d.The blood glucose levels,the blood lipid levels and antioxidation levels were assayed after the last fedding.Results ①MGC at dose of 100?300?500 mg?kg~(-1) bw significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose and the hypoglycemic effect of MGC at dose of 100 mg?kg~(-1) bw was the best ②MGC decreased the content of TC,TG and enhanced the content of HDL-C of alloxan-induced diabetic mice,so it could restore the blood lipid levels of diabetic mice(P0.01).Conclusion Mogroside extracts(MGC) have obvious glucose-lowering effect on hyperglycemic mice,its mechanism may be related with improving antioxidation level and restoring the blood lipid levels of hyperglycemic mice.

This study analyzes the reason and situation of the educational inspection for colleges and universities.The author suggests the five points to solve these problems and provide countermeasures for improving the educational inspection.

AIM: To explore the effects of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt on interleukin (IL)-6, the endothelin (ET)-1-mediated process of airway fibroblast activation induced by injured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE). METHODS: Human primary cultured airway fibroblasts were co-cultured with HBE pre-treated with or without poly-L-arginine (PLA). The procedure was also performed in the presence or absence of p38 MAPK selective inhibitor SB203580, PI3K selective inhibitor LY294002 or ETA receptor blocker BQ123, respectively. Immunostaining, Western blotting or ELISA were used for detecting α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, the activities of p38 MAPK and Akt in fibroblasts or IL-6 levels in supernatants of fibroblasts. In addition, fibroblasts were mixed with soluble collagen and cultured with HBE treated as the same mentioned above, the gel contraction was measured by serial area measurements. RESULTS: ET-1 and IL-6 levels [(13.69±1.36) ng/L, (56.7±10.7) ng/L] in the supernatants of fibroblasts cultured with injured HBE were significantly higher than those in the supernatants of fibroblasts cultured with HBE [(3.79±0.64) ng/L, (15.5±3.2) ng/L]. BQ123, SB203580 or LY294002 decreased IL-6 levels [(27.2±3.1) ng/L, (31.5±3.6) ng/L, (41.3±3.2) ng/L] differently in the supernatants of fibroblasts induced by injured HBE. Activation of p38 MAPK preceded Akt in fibroblasts cultured with injured HBE. BQ123 reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and Akt. SB203580 concentration-dependently attenuated Akt phosphorylation, while LY294002 had little effect on p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Fibroblasts expressed more α-SMA after cultured with injured HBE and showed significant increase in the gel contraction compared to fibroblasts cultured with HBE [percentage of gel contraction: (61.2±2.7)% vs (15.4±7.3)%], all these effects were diminished or inhibited by BQ123, SB203580 or LY294002. Furthermore, the effects of BQ123 and SB203580 on decreased gel contraction were stronger than the effect of LY294002. CONCLUSION: ET-1 exerts a key role in the airway fibroblasts activation induced by injured HBE through activating p38 MAPK, PI3K/Akt signaling and promoting IL-6 expression.

Objective To investigate prognostic value of the CHA 2 DS2-VASc score [ congestive heart failure , hypertension , age≥75y (doubled), diabetes mellitus, stroke (doubled)-vascular disease, age 65~74 and sex category (female)] in an initial car-dioembolic stroke with atrial fibrillation .Methods A total of 346 initial cardioembolic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation was en-rolled.The clinical feature, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission, and clinical outcome [modi-fied Rankin Scale (mRS) score after 90 days] were obtained and evaluated retrospectively according to the CHA 2DS2-VASc score. Results The rate of female, smoking, hypertension, congestive heart failure, anticoagulation and the level of age, NIHSS score, and CHA2 DS2-VASc score were significantly different between two prognostic groups ( P <0.05 ) .A positive correlation was observed be-tween CHA2DS2-VASc score and NIHSS score on admission (ρ=0.324, P <0.01), CHA2DS2-VASc score and mRS score (ρ=0.228, P <0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that age , smoking, anticoagulation, the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and the NIH-SS score on admission were related to clinical outcome independently .Conclusions The CHA2 DS2-VASc score may be useful for not only evaluation of stroke risk but also prediction of clinical outcomes after stroke .

0.05). Conclusion To adept the combined test of CEA CYFRA21-1 and NSE in lung flushing fluid is more sensitivity and more valuable application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the influence of lant ha num chloride on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs).Me thods:HGFs were cultured in vitro and MTT assay was used to analyse the influence of lanthanum chloride at 10 -6,10 -5,5?10 -5,1 0 -4,10 -3 and 10 -2 mol/L respectively on the proliferation o f HGFs. Results:Lanthanum chloride at 1?10 -2 mol/L inhib ited the proliferation of HGFs,however, it did not at 10 -6~10 -3 mo l/L. Conclusion:Lanthanum chloride at a higher concentration(1 ?10 -2 mol/L)may inhibit HGF proliferation.

Objective To observe the anesthesia related effect of dexmedetomidine conscious sedation on Laryngeal mask airway general anesthesia in Parkinson patients with deep brain electric stimulus implantation.Methods Forty patients (72 males, 8 females, aged 18-75 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) of Parkinson disease with selective operated bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain electric stimulus implantation were selected and randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D) and contrast group (group C), 20 cases in each group.The operation divided into two stages: in the first stage, the electrode was put under the local anesthesia, CT examination proof of electrode placement satisfaction was the end of the first stage.The second stage needed to bury the pulse generator under of the chest skin under general anesthesia.For group D, dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was pumped venously within 15 min after entering the operating room, the speed of 0.1-0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1 was kept subsequently until the end of the first period.For group C, the same dosage of normal saline was pumped.The times of micro-electrode interference, tremor relief were recorded.Ramsay scores of two groups of patients were recorded at the entry of operating room (T0), partial infiltration anesthesia (T1), unilateral electrode implantation (T2), contralateral electrode implantation (T3), the end of the first period (T4);the time needed to vanish consciousness, implant laryngeal mask airway, recover the spontaneous breathing and extubation were recorded;the propofol, remifentanil dosage from the beginning of general anesthesia induction to the end of the surgery were recorded.Results The micro-electrode was intervened and tremble was relieved in both two groups.Compared with group C, the ramsay scores of T1-T4 were obviously increased in group D (P<0.05), the time needed to vanish consciousness, implant laryngeal mask airway, recover the autonomous respiration, extubation were significantly shortened in group D (P<0.05), the dosage of propofol, remifentanil from the beginning of the general anesthesia starts to the end of the surgery were significantly reduced in group D (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine provided the excellent sedation to the first period of Parkinson patients with deep brain electric stimulus implantation;it can shorten the time of the anesthesia induction and awakening time, as well as decreases propofol and remifentanil dosage.

Objective To explore clinical distribution characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), analyze enzyme production of strains and verify the in vitro antimicrobial activity of tigecycline.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of 53 strains of CRKP isolated from clinical specimens of patients in a hospital from January to December 2015 were analyzed, carbapenemase production of target strains was detected by modified Hodge test, metallo-β-lactamase was detected by EDTA synergy test, minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of tigecycline susceptibility testing result detected by instrument was confirmed by MIC test strip(MTS method).Results 53 CRKP strains were mainly isolated from patients in intensive care unit (n=14, 26.42％) and burn unit(n=13, 24.53％);sputum(n=23, 43.40％) and wound secretion(n=15, 28.30％) were the main specimen sources;isolation rate of CRKB was highest in the elderly≥60 years old, 35 strains(66.04％)of CRKP were isolated.CRKP was most sensitive to tigecycline(96.2％).The modified Hodge test showed that 48 strains(90.6％) produced carbapenemases and 15 strains produced metallo-β-lactamase.MICs of tigecycline-resistant strains detected by instrument were all confirmed as susceptibility by MTS.Conclusion CRKP mainly produce carbapenems in this hospital, some strains can produce two types of different β-lactamases;antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that tigecycline has good antimicrobial activity against CRKP, tigecycline-resistant strains detected by instrument must be confirmed by MTS method.

OBJECTIVE To observe the bacterial content on the suspension bed sheet in burns intensive care unit.METHODS To detect the bacterial content on the suspension bed sheet and the common sickbed sheet(20 sheets in each group) after sampling them before use and 12 and 24 hours after use and to compare them.RESULTS The bacterial content on two sorts of the sheets before use was accorded with the Ministry of Health standards.but 12 hours after use the significant bacterial content on the common sickbed sheet [(4.9?2.1) CFU/cm2] was much higher than that on the suspension bed [(3.2?1.1) CFU/cm2,P0.01].CONCLUSIONS Using suspension bed could reduce bacterial content on the sheet and ease nurse workload.

OBJECTIVE: Because A type γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor is widely used in clinical medicine, the receptor related drugs and relationship between structures and functions of GABAA receptor have been discussed according to the study at home and abroad.DATA SOURCES: Literatures related to GABAA receptor were searched from Medline and Elesiver science database by a computer, key word is "GABAA or GABAA benzodiazepine", and the language was restricted in English. And simultaneously, they were searched from CNKI database with the word-GABAAin Chinese. Time of search is January 1994 to August 2004.STUDY SELECTION: First trial for data, literatures related to GABAA receptor structures and pharmacological functions was selected, and then looking for full text. Functions or activities dissertated in literatures without relation to central nervous system and clinical therapy were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Thirty-six pieces of literatures that are related to GABAA receptor structures and functions were found, among which 24 pieces were excluded, 16 pieces were repeated and 8 pieces were Meta analysis study.DATA SYNTHESIS:There are 12 pieces of literatures measuring up in which receptor structures, functions and pharmacological functions were studied. Four kinds of drugs including sedative-diazepam, inhibitor-barbiturate, spasmogen-picxition and neuroactivesteoid act on this receptor.CONCLUSION: To study thoroughly the function of GABAA receptor subunits could provide techniques and approaches for screening the receptor subunit related anti-epilepsy drugs