Aim To study antidiabetic effect and mechanism of Mogroside extracts(MGC) on hyperglycemic mice induced by Alloxan.Methods Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were fed with MGC at dose of 50,100?300,500 mg?kg~(-1) bw respectively for 30 d.The blood glucose levels,the blood lipid levels and antioxidation levels were assayed after the last fedding.Results ①MGC at dose of 100?300?500 mg?kg~(-1) bw significantly lowered the fasting blood glucose and the hypoglycemic effect of MGC at dose of 100 mg?kg~(-1) bw was the best ②MGC decreased the content of TC,TG and enhanced the content of HDL-C of alloxan-induced diabetic mice,so it could restore the blood lipid levels of diabetic mice(P0.01).Conclusion Mogroside extracts(MGC) have obvious glucose-lowering effect on hyperglycemic mice,its mechanism may be related with improving antioxidation level and restoring the blood lipid levels of hyperglycemic mice.

AIM: To explore the effects of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt on interleukin (IL)-6, the endothelin (ET)-1-mediated process of airway fibroblast activation induced by injured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE). METHODS: Human primary cultured airway fibroblasts were co-cultured with HBE pre-treated with or without poly-L-arginine (PLA). The procedure was also performed in the presence or absence of p38 MAPK selective inhibitor SB203580, PI3K selective inhibitor LY294002 or ETA receptor blocker BQ123, respectively. Immunostaining, Western blotting or ELISA were used for detecting α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, the activities of p38 MAPK and Akt in fibroblasts or IL-6 levels in supernatants of fibroblasts. In addition, fibroblasts were mixed with soluble collagen and cultured with HBE treated as the same mentioned above, the gel contraction was measured by serial area measurements. RESULTS: ET-1 and IL-6 levels [(13.69±1.36) ng/L, (56.7±10.7) ng/L] in the supernatants of fibroblasts cultured with injured HBE were significantly higher than those in the supernatants of fibroblasts cultured with HBE [(3.79±0.64) ng/L, (15.5±3.2) ng/L]. BQ123, SB203580 or LY294002 decreased IL-6 levels [(27.2±3.1) ng/L, (31.5±3.6) ng/L, (41.3±3.2) ng/L] differently in the supernatants of fibroblasts induced by injured HBE. Activation of p38 MAPK preceded Akt in fibroblasts cultured with injured HBE. BQ123 reduced the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and Akt. SB203580 concentration-dependently attenuated Akt phosphorylation, while LY294002 had little effect on p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Fibroblasts expressed more α-SMA after cultured with injured HBE and showed significant increase in the gel contraction compared to fibroblasts cultured with HBE [percentage of gel contraction: (61.2±2.7)% vs (15.4±7.3)%], all these effects were diminished or inhibited by BQ123, SB203580 or LY294002. Furthermore, the effects of BQ123 and SB203580 on decreased gel contraction were stronger than the effect of LY294002. CONCLUSION: ET-1 exerts a key role in the airway fibroblasts activation induced by injured HBE through activating p38 MAPK, PI3K/Akt signaling and promoting IL-6 expression.

Objective To investigate prognostic value of the CHA 2 DS2-VASc score [ congestive heart failure , hypertension , age≥75y (doubled), diabetes mellitus, stroke (doubled)-vascular disease, age 65~74 and sex category (female)] in an initial car-dioembolic stroke with atrial fibrillation .Methods A total of 346 initial cardioembolic stroke patients with atrial fibrillation was en-rolled.The clinical feature, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission, and clinical outcome [modi-fied Rankin Scale (mRS) score after 90 days] were obtained and evaluated retrospectively according to the CHA 2DS2-VASc score. Results The rate of female, smoking, hypertension, congestive heart failure, anticoagulation and the level of age, NIHSS score, and CHA2 DS2-VASc score were significantly different between two prognostic groups ( P <0.05 ) .A positive correlation was observed be-tween CHA2DS2-VASc score and NIHSS score on admission (ρ=0.324, P <0.01), CHA2DS2-VASc score and mRS score (ρ=0.228, P <0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that age , smoking, anticoagulation, the CHA2DS2-VASc score, and the NIH-SS score on admission were related to clinical outcome independently .Conclusions The CHA2 DS2-VASc score may be useful for not only evaluation of stroke risk but also prediction of clinical outcomes after stroke .

This study analyzes the reason and situation of the educational inspection for colleges and universities.The author suggests the five points to solve these problems and provide countermeasures for improving the educational inspection.

0.05). Conclusion To adept the combined test of CEA CYFRA21-1 and NSE in lung flushing fluid is more sensitivity and more valuable application in clinic.

Objective:To investigate the influence of lant ha num chloride on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs).Me thods:HGFs were cultured in vitro and MTT assay was used to analyse the influence of lanthanum chloride at 10 -6,10 -5,5?10 -5,1 0 -4,10 -3 and 10 -2 mol/L respectively on the proliferation o f HGFs. Results:Lanthanum chloride at 1?10 -2 mol/L inhib ited the proliferation of HGFs,however, it did not at 10 -6~10 -3 mo l/L. Conclusion:Lanthanum chloride at a higher concentration(1 ?10 -2 mol/L)may inhibit HGF proliferation.

Objective To observe the anesthesia related effect of dexmedetomidine conscious sedation on Laryngeal mask airway general anesthesia in Parkinson patients with deep brain electric stimulus implantation.Methods Forty patients (72 males, 8 females, aged 18-75 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) of Parkinson disease with selective operated bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain electric stimulus implantation were selected and randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D) and contrast group (group C), 20 cases in each group.The operation divided into two stages: in the first stage, the electrode was put under the local anesthesia, CT examination proof of electrode placement satisfaction was the end of the first stage.The second stage needed to bury the pulse generator under of the chest skin under general anesthesia.For group D, dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was pumped venously within 15 min after entering the operating room, the speed of 0.1-0.3 μg·kg-1·h-1 was kept subsequently until the end of the first period.For group C, the same dosage of normal saline was pumped.The times of micro-electrode interference, tremor relief were recorded.Ramsay scores of two groups of patients were recorded at the entry of operating room (T0), partial infiltration anesthesia (T1), unilateral electrode implantation (T2), contralateral electrode implantation (T3), the end of the first period (T4);the time needed to vanish consciousness, implant laryngeal mask airway, recover the spontaneous breathing and extubation were recorded;the propofol, remifentanil dosage from the beginning of general anesthesia induction to the end of the surgery were recorded.Results The micro-electrode was intervened and tremble was relieved in both two groups.Compared with group C, the ramsay scores of T1-T4 were obviously increased in group D (P<0.05), the time needed to vanish consciousness, implant laryngeal mask airway, recover the autonomous respiration, extubation were significantly shortened in group D (P<0.05), the dosage of propofol, remifentanil from the beginning of the general anesthesia starts to the end of the surgery were significantly reduced in group D (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine provided the excellent sedation to the first period of Parkinson patients with deep brain electric stimulus implantation;it can shorten the time of the anesthesia induction and awakening time, as well as decreases propofol and remifentanil dosage.

ObjectiveThe aim was to construct the recombinant plasmid of pET-28a-G-protein pathway suppressor 2 (GPS2) GPS2,express GPS2 protein in E.coli,and obtain specific polyclonal antiserum of GPS2.MethodsGPS2 gene was obtained and the amplified fragment was then cloned into E.coli expression vector pET-28a to construct recombinant plasmid.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli expression strain BL21(DE3).IPTG induces the expression protein GPS2 protein,and the induction conditions were optimized.The induced product was purified by Ni2+ affinity chromatography,and the purified product was dialyzed with buffer for refolding.The purified protein can be used as antigen,injected to immunize male New Zealand white rabbit to get polyclonal antiserum.The titer and specificity of the rabbit antiserum were detected by ELISA and Western Blotting.ResultsThe E.coli expression vector pET-28a-GPS2 was constructed successfully and the recombinant protein was efficiently expressed and purified.The purified protein was used to immunize male New Zealand white rabbit to get polyclonal antiserum and the ELISA and Western Blot results showed that the high titer of specific polyclonal antiserum.ConclusionGSP2 could be highly expressed in E.coli.Antiserum of GPS2 protein can be obtained by the purified recombinant to analyze its function.

OBJECTIVE: Because A type γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor is widely used in clinical medicine, the receptor related drugs and relationship between structures and functions of GABAA receptor have been discussed according to the study at home and abroad.DATA SOURCES: Literatures related to GABAA receptor were searched from Medline and Elesiver science database by a computer, key word is "GABAA or GABAA benzodiazepine", and the language was restricted in English. And simultaneously, they were searched from CNKI database with the word-GABAAin Chinese. Time of search is January 1994 to August 2004.STUDY SELECTION: First trial for data, literatures related to GABAA receptor structures and pharmacological functions was selected, and then looking for full text. Functions or activities dissertated in literatures without relation to central nervous system and clinical therapy were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: Thirty-six pieces of literatures that are related to GABAA receptor structures and functions were found, among which 24 pieces were excluded, 16 pieces were repeated and 8 pieces were Meta analysis study.DATA SYNTHESIS:There are 12 pieces of literatures measuring up in which receptor structures, functions and pharmacological functions were studied. Four kinds of drugs including sedative-diazepam, inhibitor-barbiturate, spasmogen-picxition and neuroactivesteoid act on this receptor.CONCLUSION: To study thoroughly the function of GABAA receptor subunits could provide techniques and approaches for screening the receptor subunit related anti-epilepsy drugs

Objective To investigate the CT manifestations of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma (PSH), and improve the CT diagnostic accuracy of the disease.Methods The CT manifestations of 5 cases with pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma which were proved by pathology were analyzed retrospectively. Results Solitary pulmonary nodule was demonstrated in all 5 cases with clear demarcation on CT. The nodule was smooth and homogeneous in density in 4 cases, and was slightly irregular with cavity in another case. After intravenous contrast administration, all the lesions were homogeneously enhanced, similar to the nearby blood vessels. The vessels linked with the lesions were found generally.Conclusion The CT is helpful for the diagnosis of PSH.