Objective To discuss the correlations between hemoperfusion(HP) times and therapeutic effects/prognosis in patients with severe acute organophosphorus poisoning(AOPP). Methods According to the frequency of HP,82 patients with severe AOPP were divided into three groups:non HP(25 cases),HP1(27 cases) and HP2(30 cases)groups. The non HP group received only routine treatment,on the basis of routine treatment,the HP1 group accepted once HP within 12 hours after poisoning and the HP2 group underwent twice or more times of HP,the interval between each time being 24 hours. The comparisions of clinical indexes,incidences of complications and rates of mortality among the three groups were performed. Results With the increase of HP times,the dosages of atropine and pralidoxime chloride were significantly reduced,the times of serum cholinesterase(ChE)activity recovery,consciousness recovery,hospitalization and mechanical ventilation were significantly shortened,the score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score in 48 hours after admission,incidence of complications and mortality were evidently decreased(all P<0.05). Compared with those in HP1 group,the dosages of atropine(mg:164.57±68.82 vs. 256.81±97.06)and pralidoxime chloride(mg:6.95±1.40 vs. 8.76±1.64) in HP2 group were significantly reduced,the times of ChE activity recovery(day:9.03±2.46 vs. 10.96±3.44), consciousness recovery(hour:23.83±6.29 vs. 39.93±8.24),hospitalization(hour:9.57±2.39 vs. 11.52±3.02) and mechanical ventilation(hour:40.50±16.55 vs. 65.74±18.88)in HP2 group were significantly shortened;APACHEⅡscore during 48 hours after admission(11.97±3.47 vs. 14.26±2.88)was obviously decreased,and the incidences of complications,such as intermediate syndrome(10.0% vs. 18.5%),rebound phenomenon(3.3% vs. 25.9%),arrhythmia(13.3%vs. 44.4%),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS,6.7%vs. 29.6%)and mortality rate(6.7% vs. 18.5%)in HP2 group were markedly decreased(all P<0.05). Conclusion It is recommendable that combined with routine treatment,early and multiple HP application would enhance the therapeutic effect and decrease the mortality in patients with severe AOPP.

Objective To study the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sensory and motor Schwann cells and its significance in the nerve specific regeneration Method Sensory and motor Schwann cells were prepared in vitro,and each group of cells were cultured in common media and IL 1 media respectively The expression of NGF was measured by Sangwich ELISA Result Generally speaking,the expression level of sensory Schwann cells is higher than that of motor cells And the expression modes of the two types of cells are different,according to the timing and peak numbers Conclusion The NGF expressions of sensory and motor Schwann cells are different,such a difference may partly explain the mechanism of the nerve specific regeneration

Objective To study the relationship between ABO hemolytic disease of newborn and maternal antibody. Methods The titer of blood group antibody in 122 mothers of O blood group during prenatal diagnosis and blood group serology, bilirubin and hemoglobin level of newborn infants were tested with routine methods. The relationship between ABO hemolytic disease of newborn and the titer of blood group antibody was studied. Results The titer of blood group antibody was remarkably related with ABO hemolytic disease of newborn (P

Objective To investigate the distribution,epidemiologic feature and the related risk features of allergic rhinitis among college students in Kunming.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was conducted in each school as a unit.The investigated subjects included 1500 students aged from18 to 29 years old from 7 universities in Kunming,Yunnan Province.The epidemiological investigation was carried out using the designed questionnaire of allergic rhinitis.The results were analyzed.Restlts We had given out 1500 questionnaires and the response rate was 98.9％.The self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 25.4％ among college students in Kunming,in which,the males' prevalence rate was 29.3％ and the females' was 22.9％.And 3.7％ of the students with allergic rhinitis were combined with asthma and the 19.1％ combined with a history of familial inheritance.The main risk factor was dust.Concltsion The self-reported and prevalence of allergic rhinitis among college students in Kunming is 25.4％.Males' prevalence rate is slightly higher than the females'.The potential risk factors are bronchial asthma and the history of familial inheritance.The mainly inducement is dust,animal fur and plant pollen.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of K252a on the chemotactic growth of Schwann Cell to salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell in vitro co-culture METHODS Co-culture of sciatic nerve blocked by K252a with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell was regarded as experimental group. Co-culture of sciatic nerve with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell was chosen as control group RESULTS In contrast to control group , the promotion growth and chemotactic growth of Schwann cell was blocked by K252a (P

Objective To clarify whether the NADPH oxidases (NOXs) family contributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent interstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) rats.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n =8),sham operation + apocynin treatment group (n =8),UUO operation group (n =8) and UUO operation+apocynin treatment group (n =8).Either vehicle or apocynin (100 mg/kg per day) were given by gavage for 7 days after surgery.Rats were sacrificed at 7th day.ELISA was used to detect the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT),and the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-isoPGF2α) in renal tissue.Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NADPH oxidase subunit NOX2 and NOX4,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),collagen Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ) and the level of ERK1/ 2 phosphorylation (p-ERK1/2).Results UUO rats with vehicle displayed increased oxidative stress,as measured by renal tissue 8-iso-PGF2α,accompanied with increased renal expression of NADPH oxidases (NOX2,1.5-fold and NOX4,1.7-fold,respectively),compared with sham-operated rats (P ＜0.05).Furthermore,vehicle treated UUO rats showed increased renal COL-Ⅰ and α-SMA levels,compared with sham-operated rats (P ＜ 0.05).ERK1/2 was also activated as detected by p-ERK1/2 expression in UUO rats with vehicle (P ＜ 0.05).Apocynin treatment significantly decreased renal tissue 8-iso-PGF2α level and expressions of NOX2 (-28.7％) and NOX4 (-31.0％) in UUO rats,respectively,compared with vehicle treated rats (P ＜ 0.05).And significant decrease of COL-Ⅰ (-26.4％) and α-SMA expression (-80.0％) were also observed (P ＜ 0.05).The activation of ERK1/2 in UUO rats was greatly inhibited by apocynin treatment (P ＜ 0.01).Despite the pronounced dysregulation of pro-oxidative NOXs family,no compensatory increase of antioxidative enzyme activities occurred.Conclusion The NOXs family contributes largely to the production of ROS and subsequent interstitial fibrosis after ureter ligation,and inhibition of the NOXs family may be a choice for preventing interstitial fibrosis.

Objective To identify the risk factors for progression of advanced chronic kidney disease(CKD) patients who were cared by nephrologists in a specific CKD outpatient management clinic.Methods A prospective monocentric cohort study was performed.CKD patients of stage 3, 4 and 5 without renal replacement treatment were followed up regularly by nephrologists in this specific CKD management clinic.Patients with established atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis(ARAS) and chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, and those who had not been followed-up for at least 12 months before Jun.30, 2010 were excluded.Clinical and laboratory data including blood pressure (BP), proteinuria, hemoglobulin (Hb), calcium phosphate product (Ca×P) and serum creatinine were consecutively collected.The treatment regimen was also recorded.Estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) was calculated with the formula modified for Chinese to evaluate the change of renal function.The progression of kidney disease was defined as initiation of renal replacement therapy, the annual decrease of eGFR＞4 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, and/or death associated with renal disease.Results A total of 138 patients were enrolled in the final analysis with 84 patients of CKD stage 3, 36 of CKD stage 4 and 18 of CKD stage 5, respectively.At the time of enrollment, patients had an average age of (56.5:±:16.7) years old with an average eGFR of (32.3±13.4) ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1.During a mean follow-up interval of (27.1±12.1) months, the patients were well-controlled with an average blood pressure of (126.5±12.4)/(76.4±7.9) mm Hg in 50.7％(70/138), less than or equal to 130/80 mm Hg, an average Hb of(123.8±17.1) g/L in 73.9％(102/138), above or equal to 110 g/L and an average Ca×P of (45.2±7.7) mg2/dl2 in 89.1％(123/138), less than or equal to 55 mg2/dl2.Sixty-two patients (44.9％) had progression of kidney disease. On univariate analysis, factors predicting progression were low eGFR at referral, high systolic pressure, low Hb level, high Ca×P and proteinuria during follow-up, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors treatment did not affect the progression.After the adjustment, multivariate analysis revealed proteinuria and low Hb level were independent factors for the progression of kidney disease.Conclusions The co-morbidities of advanced CKD patients can be managed efficiently in specific CKD outpatient management clinic.Control of proteinuria and correction of anemia may be beneficial to prevent the progression of advanced CKD.

BACKGROUND: How to make growth factor plays a role persistently and efficiently is a key in constructing bone tissue engineered bone. Currently, varied microspheres or scaffolds were used as release carriers, however, the delayed release effects needs elevating.OBJECTIVE: To prepare chitosan microosPheres/nano-hydroxyapatite/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (CMs/nHA/PLGA) scaffolds, and to measure its characteristics of delayed release of bovine serum albumin (BSA).METHODS: CMs were prepared by an emulsifying cross linking method with BSA as a model protein. Using ice particulates as porogen, composite CMs/nHA/PLGA scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. The characteristic and morphology of the composite were observed by scanning electron microscope, later particle size analyzer, mercury porosimeter and universal testing machine, and the release behavior of BSA was investigated in vitro.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CMs were spherical shape with a regular surface, with diameters of 20-40 μm. The encapsulation efficiency of the CMs was 86.5%, and the loading capacity was 0.8%. With the increase of initial BSA dosage, the loading capacity increased to 2.6%, while the encapsulation efficiency decreased to 74.1%. The CMs can be uniformly distributed in PLGA scaffolds to form CMs/nHA/PLGA scaffolds, which had 100-400 μm pore diameter and over 80% porosity, with 1.1-2.3 pMPa compressive strength, and 26.5% cumulative degradation at 10 weeks. The cumulative release of BSA from nHA/PLGA scaffolds was above 85% at 36 hours, which from CMs was 33.6% at 10 days, and that from CMs/nHA/PLGA scaffolds was 81.5% at 40 days. The results demonstrated that CMs/nHA/PLGA scaffolds have an excellent releasing efficiency for protein drugs with suitable compressive strength and degradation, which would be used as delivery system and tissue engineering scaffolds.

Objective To explore the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and low frequency electricity stimulus on the configurations of skeletal muscle cells and the change of muscle fibre types in the denervated skeletal muscle separately.Methods The denervated rat model was established and model animals were injected with the NGF and given the stimulus (frequency=2 Hz) about 30 days. The configurations and the change of muscle fibre types were observed by immunohistochemistry and image analysis.Results The muscle fibre was in chaos and the boundary was not obvious among cells in the denervated rats; the muscle fibre of the denervated rats with NGF injection and low frequency electricity stimulus was more regular and the boundary of cells was clearer, the cells number was more than those of the denervated rats. Compared to normal rats, the proportion of Ⅰ muscle fibre in the denervated rats increased ( P<0.05), whereas the proportion of Ⅱ muscle fibre decreased ( P<0.05); it had no significant differences of the two types of muscle fibre between the denervated rats with NGF injection, low frequency electricity stimulus and the denervated rats ( P<0.05).Conclusion NGF injection and low frequency electricity stimulus can make the configurations of denervated muscle to better.

Objective To analyze the baseline clinical characteristics of the chronic kidney disease (CKD) in aged people in the clinic.Methods Patients aged 18 years or older in our CKD clinic from October 2003 to December 2012 were included in this study.According to their age patients were divided into 2 groups:aged CKD group:aged 65 or older and non-aged CKD group:younger than 65.A group of the elderly without CKD from health screening program were selected as aged non-CKD control group.Causes,distributions of stages and complications of CKD in three groups were analyzed.Results The major cause of the elderly CKD was hypertension,different from that of younger CKD.The distribution of CKD stage in the elderly was mainly in the G3b stage,different from that in the younger.Anemia and mineral bone disease presented in earlier CKD stage in the aged CKD patients and the prevalence was higher than in the aged non-CKD group.The prevalence of hypertension had no statistical difference between the two CKD groups,but hypertension control rate was lower in aged CKD patients.Conclusions The clinical characteristics including causes and renal stage are different between the young and aged CKD patients.Complications such as anemia and mineral bone disease presents in earlier renal stage in aged CKD patients which means we should monitor and interfere earlier.