BACKGROUND:Spleen has the functions of blood storage,hematopoiesis,and immunity.With the increase of age,the structural degeneration and functional decline of spleen lead to the impairment of immune system function,thus accelerating the aging process of the body.The treatment of spleen aging in tree shrews with highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE:To explore the intervention effect and mechanism of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on spleen aging in tree shrews. METHODS:Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were isolated,cultured,and obtained from the umbilical cord tissue of newborn tree shrews by caesarean section.The differentiation abilities of adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis were detected by three-line differentiation kit.Cell cycle and surface markers were detected by flow cytometry.The second generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein with infection complex values of 100,120,140,160,180,and 200,respectively,to screen the best transfection conditions.After transfection,the fourth generation of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was injected into the tail vein of tree shrews in the elderly treatment group.The young control group and the aged model group were not given special treatment.After 4 months of treatment,the spleen tissue was taken and the structure of the spleen was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.β-Galactosidase staining was used to detect the activity of aging-related galactosidase.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression levels of p21 and p53 proteins.Ki67 and PCNA immunofluorescence staining was used to detect cell proliferation activity.Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression levels of spleen autophagy protein molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5.Reactive oxygen species fluorescence staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species in spleen tissue.CD3 immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the change of the proportion of total T lymphocytes.The secretion levels of interleukin 1β and transforming growth factor β1 in spleen were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The distribution of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein in spleen tissue was observed by DAPI double staining of nucleus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells grew in a short spindle shape with fish-like growth,with a large proportion of G0/G1 phase,and had the potential to differentiate into adipogenesis,osteogenesis,and chondrogenesis.(2)Multiplicity of infection=140 and transfection for 72 hours were the best conditions for labeling tree shrews highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells with Genechem Green Fluorescent Protein.(3)Compared with the aged model group,in the aged treatment group,the spleen tissue cells of tree shrews were arranged closely,and the area of white pulp was increased(P<0.01);the boundary between red pulp and white pulp was clear;the proportion of germinal centers did not show statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The activity level of galactosidase related to spleen tissue aging was decreased(P<0.001),and the expression levels of aging protein molecules p21 and p53 were down-regulated(P<0.001).The expression levels of proliferation-related molecules Ki67 and PCNA were up-regulated(P<0.001,P<0.05);expression levels of autophagy-related molecules Beclin 1 and APG5L/ATG5 were up-regulated(P<0.001),and the content of reactive oxygen species decreased(P<0.001),and the proportion of CD3+T cells increased(P<0.05).The secretion level of interleukin 1β in the aging-related secretion phenotype decreased(P<0.001);no significant difference was found in transforming growth factor β1 level(P>0.05).Compared with the young control group,the above indexes were significantly different in the elderly treatment group(P<0.05).(4)Green fluorescent cells labeled with green fluorescent protein were observed in spleen tissue of tree shrews the elderly treatment group by frozen tissue section observation.The results show that intravenous infusion of highly active umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can migrate to spleen tissue,inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species,down-regulate the expression of aging-related proteins,induce autophagy,promote cell proliferation,reduce chronic inflammation,and then improve the structure and function of spleen tissue.

Objective To study the spatial distribution of the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Hubei Province and its influencing factors, so as to improve the theoretical basis for scientific development of tuberculosis prevention and control measures in the future. Methods The data of reported incidence of tuberculosis and related influencing factors in various counties and districts of Hubei Province in 2020 were collected. Global Moran's I index, hotspot analysis and geographically weighted regression (GWR) model analysis were used to calculate the spatial autocorrelation of the incidence of tuberculosis, and to analyze the influencing factors affecting the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Results There were obvious regional differences in the space distribution of the incidence rate of tuberculosis. Hot spot analysis showed positive spatial correlation and obvious clustering. The GWR model (AICc=784.251) in this study had higher AICc value compared to the ordinary least squares regression (OLS) model (AICc=804.2585). The GWR model showed that the increase in the proportion of the population aged 65 and above and the proportion of the ethnic minority population had a significant promoting effect on the increase of the incidence rate of tuberculosis, and there was significant spatial heterogeneity. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration on the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis varied in different regions, and the degree of effect was also different. Conclusion The proportion of people aged 65 and above and the proportion of ethnic minorities may significantly influence the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The effect of PM_2.5 concentration varies in different regions, so targeted measures should be formulated according to the situation in different regions.

Objective:To explore the application value of P1 response threshold of cortical auditory evoked potential（CAEP） in evaluating the rehabilitation effect of cochlear implant in young children. Methods:Thirty-three young children after cochlear implantation were divided into groups according to hearing age: Group A（hearing age 1-<2 years old） 10 people; Group B（hearing age 2-<3 years old） 13 people; Group C（hearing age 3-<4 years old） 10 people. The subjective assessment was carried out using the assessment tool for hearing-impaired children- "Criteria and Methods for assessing Auditory and language ability of hearing-impaired children" and objective electrophysiological examination was carried out using CAEP to evaluate the rehabilitation effect. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results:The results of subjective assessment of auditory ability and language ability in each group showed an increasing trend with the increase of auditory age. In this study, the P1 response threshold of CAEP in CI implanted children had a significant positive correlation with the 2 kHz hearing threshold after intervention, and the P1 response threshold of CAEP was negatively correlated with many items in subjective auditory ability and language ability assessment. Conclusion:The P1 response threshold of CAEP has a stable correlation with the results of speech audiometry, which can effectively and objectively evaluate the postoperative rehabilitation effect of young children with cochlear implantation.
Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Male ; Female ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory ; Cochlear Implantation/rehabilitation* ; Cochlear Implants ; Auditory Threshold

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the protective effect of Yiqi Yangyin Huazhuo Tongluo Formula (YYHT) against high glucose-induced injury in mouse renal podocytes (MPC5 cells) and the possible mechanism. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were treated with 19, 38, and 76 g/kg YYHT or saline via gavage for 7 days to prepare YYHT-medicated or blank sera for treatment of MPC5 cells cultured in high glucose (30 mmol/L) prior to transfection with a miR-21a-5p inhibitor or a miR-21a-5p mimic. The changes in miR-21a-5p expressions and the mRNA levels of FoxO1, PINK1, and Parkin in the treated cells were detected with qRT-PCR, and the protein levels of nephrin, podocin, FoxO1, PINK1, and Parkin were detected with Western blotting. Autophagic activity in the cells were evaluated with MDC staining. The effect of miR-21a-5p mimic on FoxO1 transcription and the binding of miR-21a-5p to FoxO1 were examined with luciferase reporter gene assay and radioimmunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS: MPC5 cells exposed to high glucose showed significantly increased miR-21a-5p expression, lowered expressions of FoxO1, PINK1, and Parkin1 mRNAs, and reduced levels of FoxO1, PINK1, parkin, nephrin, and podocin proteins and autophagic activity. Treatment of the exposed cells with YYHT-medicated sera and miR-21a-5p inhibitor both significantly enhanced the protein expressions of nephrin and podocin, inhibited the expression of miR-21a-5p, increased the mRNA and protein expressions of FoxO1, PINK1 and Parkin, and upregulated autophagic activity of the cells. Transfection with miR-21a-5p mimic effectively inhibited the transcription of FoxO1 and promoted the binding of miR-21a-5p to FoxO1 in MPC5 cells, and these effects were obviously attenuated by treatment with YYHT-medicated sera. CONCLUSIONS YYHT-medicated sera alleviate high glucose-induced injury in MPC5 cells by regulating miR-21a-5p/FoxO1/PINK1-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Podocytes/pathology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Rats, Wistar ; Protein Kinases/metabolism* ; Rats ; Forkhead Box Protein O1 ; Mice ; Mitochondria/drug effects* ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism* ; Glucose ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism* ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

Objective: To investigate the subclinical eating disorders among college students and to analyze associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of eating disorders among adolescents. Methods: From November to December 2023, a total of 5 201 college students were selected by stratified random cluster sampling from one undergraduate college and one specialized college in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province. Data on general information, subclinical eating disorders, body image perception, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and mental health literacy were collected using questionnaires. The Chisquare test was used to compare the detection rates of subclinical eating disorders between groups, and binary Logistic regression was employed to analyze associated factors. Results: The detection rate of subclinical eating disorders among college students was 16.0%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the prevalence of subclinical eating disorders among college students was higher in the following categories:being in a relationship (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.04-1.44), being overweight and obese (OR=2.75, 3.82, 95%CI=2.24-3.38, 2.89-5.06), overestimation of body shape (OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.68-2.49), being in a depressive state (OR=2.53, 95%CI=1.99-3.21), experiencing anxiety (OR=2.63, 95%CI=2.16-3.20), and having substandard mental health literacy (OR=1.37, 95%CI=1.11-1.70). Conversely, low body weight (OR=0.15, 95%CI=0.10-0.22) and underestimation of body shape (OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.27-0.51) were associated with a lower risk (P<0.05). Conclusions The detection rate of subclinical eating disorders among college students is high, and it is associated with relationship status, body mass index classification, body shape perception, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and mental health literacy. Comprehensive interventions should be implemented to improve the subclinical eating disorders and promote the physical and mental health of college students.

Objective To explore specific magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of somatic symptoms in depression by comparing the differences of brain gray matter volume in depression patients with and without somatic symptoms using voxel-based morphometry(VBM).Methods A total of 52 depression patients were recruited and divided into somatic and no somatic symptoms group according to the patient health questionnaire-15 score(＞9 and≤9,respectively).Forty gender-age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group.All subjects underwent MRI scanning.Imaging data were analyzed to explore the differences in brain gray matter between groups using VBM.Results Compared with control group,gray matter volume increased in the right superior temporal gyrus,and decreased in the right inferior orbitofrontal gyrus,right inferior temporal gyrus,left inferior orbitofrontal gyrus,and left superior temporal gyrus for depressive patients with somatic symptoms(P＜0.001);gray matter volume increased in the right middle temporal gyrus,and decreased in the right superior temporal gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus for depressive patients without somatic symptoms(P＜0.001).Only the volume in the right tongue and left cingulate gyrus increased in depressive patients with somatic symptoms compared with that in patients without somatic symptoms(P＜0.01).Conclusion VBM-MRI has demonstrated increased volume in the tongue and cingulate gyrus in the somatic symptoms of depression.

Objective:To investigate the teaching effects of blended teaching based on massive open online courses (MOOC) combined with team-based learning (TBL) for the general elective course First Aid for Burns for non-medical college students. Methods:We assigned 73 non-medical college students choosing the Common Home Health Issues and Care course in the spring semester of 2023 to receive blended teaching based on MOOC and TBL (experimental group), and 113 non-medical college students choosing the same course in the spring semester of 2024 to receive traditional lecture-based learning (control group). A self-evaluation questionnaire was used to evaluate the teaching effects and satisfaction with the course of the two groups. SPSS 27.0 was used to perform the t-test and chi-square test. Results:The experimental group showed significantly higher proportions of students who had a complete mastery of knowledge of first aid for burns (54.8% vs. 33.6%, P<0.01) and students who provided positive feedback on improving autonomous learning ability (98.6% vs. 78.8%, P<0.001), improving the ability of teamwork (100.0% vs. 68.1%, P<0.001), improving communication ability (98.6% vs. 72.6%, P<0.001), and overall satisfaction with the course (97.3% vs. 76.6%, P<0.001) compared with the control group. Conclusions:The blended teaching model based on MOOC and TBL can improve the teaching effects of First Aid for Burns for non-medical college students, enhancing their autonomous learning, teamwork, and communication abilities. This method is applicable to medical general education courses, which is worthy of promotion and application.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic causes in 2 patients with hypopar-athyroidism,sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia syndrome(HDR).Methods A retrospective analysis of au-diology,gene detection,and other clinical diagnostic data was performed on 2 patients diagnosed with HDR syn-drome.Results Patient 1 failed the newborn hearing screening(otoacoustic emission)and was diagnosed with mod-erate sensorineural hearing loss through audiology evaluation.Follow-up tests of blood calcium and parathyroid hor-mone levels were normal,and ultrasound examinations of the urinary system and parathyroid gland showed no ab-normalities.Patient 2 passed the newborn hearing screening but failed the 3-year-old physical examination(otoa-coustic emission)and was diagnosed with moderate sensorineural hearing loss.Follow-up tests of blood calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were normal,and the parathyroid gland ultrasound showed no abnormalities,but the re-nal ultrasound showed bilateral small renal calculi with normal morphology.Both patients were diagnosed with HDR syndrome through gene testing,and the 2 GAT A3 gene mutation sites(c.867dup,c.65_68dup)causing the disease were both reported for the first time.Conclusion The clinical phenotypes of HDR syndrome are highly variable.Children with suspected hearing loss accompanied by hypoparathyroidism or renal dysfunction should have gene tes-ting and other related examinations as soon as possible to avoid misdiagnosis.

Aging is accompanied by significant inhibition of hematopoietic and immune system function and disruption of bone marrow structure. Aging-related alterations in the inflammatory response, immunity, and stem cell niches are at the root of hematopoietic aging. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic and bone marrow aging can aid the clinical treatment of aging-related diseases. In particular, it is unknown how the niche reprograms hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in an age-dependent manner to maintain normal hematopoiesis in elderly individuals. Recently, specific inhibitors and blood exchange methods have been shown to reshape the hematopoietic niche and reverse hematopoietic aging. Here, we present the latest scientific discoveries related to hematopoietic aging and hematopoietic system rejuvenation, discuss the relationships between hematopoietic niche aging and HSC aging, and describe related studies on stem cell-mediated regulation of hematopoietic aging, aiming to provide new ideas for further study.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventional therapy combined with tumor drug injection under bronchoscope for central non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Sixty-four patients who met the test admission criteria were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group according to the ratio of 1:1, and were given bronchoscopic interventional therapy combined with local drug injection of recombinant human endostatin combined with platinum-containing dual-drug chemotherapy and platinum-containing dual-drug alone, respectively. The curative efficiency and safety of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the KPS score, dyspnea grading were significantly improved (P<0.05). The effective rate of the test group was 78.12%, which was higher than 37.5% in the control group, the difference between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). Moreover, there was also a significant difference in the 1-year survival rate between the experimental group and the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment of central NSCLC by interventional therapy combined with tumor drug injection through fiberoptic bronchoscope has obvious clinical efficacy, which can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life of patients. There is no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups, and is worthy of popularization and application.