BACKGROUND: Early education is an important step in raising children. Many facts prove that early education can promote infants' intellectual development so as to lay good foundation for their future development.OBJECTIVE: To understand the status of infants' intellectual development with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and analyze the effects of early education.DESIGN: Comparative observation.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences.PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 100 normal newborn infants born in the Department of Obstetrics, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences, between January 2000 and December 2001. Guardians of the infants were informed of the research objective. Infants were divided into 2 groups according to their birth date: early education group (n=50) in which the infants were born on Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Sunday; control group (n=50) in which the infants were bom on Tuesday, Thursday or Saturday.METHODS: ① All the parents of the infants in the two groups received the guidance of feeding, infection prevention, inoculation and other health care guidance. On this basis, the parents of the infants in early education group were informed of intellectual development disciplinarian and educational guideline for 0-3 year-old infants when physical examination was performed on the infants at newborn period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once). The parents were asked to raise their infant according to the requirements of the guideline and communicate with the physicians at any moment. In control group, routine physical examination was performed on the infants at new-born period (twice) and 42 days after birth (once), and their parents were not given the early education of pediatric system. ② At 4 months and 3 days to 4 months and 29 days after birth, the infants in the two groups were taken back to hospital. Status of intellectual development was evaluated with intelligence scale for children revised and standardized by the Institute of Psychology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Children Development Center according to Bayley's Scales of Infant Development [It consisted of intellectual scale and movement scale. Intellectual scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item E: reaching out for building blocks, hand-eye coordination when reaching out, pick up building blocks, and keeping reaching out for things; Item G: noticed small pills; Item H: approached ocular; Item C: fond of playing with him).Movement scale was used for 4.0-5.3 months babies (4 items, Item A: turning their heads freely; Item E: from lying on the back to lying on the side;Item D: part of pollex face to face when holding building blocks; Item C:could sit independently for a moment)]. The primary scores of the infant was obtained from the number of an item which the infant could complete in intellectual development scale, then intellectual index and psychological movement development index were obtained according to his age span from the scale. Those with scores ＞130 were considered excellent, and those with scores ＜ 69 were mental retardation. ③ t test and U test were used in comparison of the differences in metrical and quantitative data.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of intellectual development index and psychological development index between the infants in the two groups. ② Status of infants' intellectual scale and movement scale completion.RESULTS: Totally 100 infants entered the result analysis. ① Intellectual development: Intellectual development index and psychological movement development index were significantly higher in early education group than in control group (103.94±7.64, 111.20±9.40; 93.92±5.18,99.22±5.52, t=8.3,4.7, P ＜ 0.01). ② Status of intellectual scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [36 infants (72%), 8 infants (16%), u=5.6, P ＜ 0.01]. ③ Status of movement scale completion: The number of infants who could complete Items E, D and C was obviously greater in early education group than in control group [45 in fants (90%), 32 infants (64%), 48 infants (96%); 30 infants (60%), 12 infants (24%), 42 infants (84%), u=2.0-4.89, P ＜ 0.05-0.01].CONCLUSION: Early education can improve infants' intellectual development, especially manipulative ability.

Objective To establish a simple, sensitive and accurate analytical method to determine 15 elements in drinking water-related products soak test. Methods Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to determine 15 elements in the soaking liquid. Sc, Ge, In and Bi were used as the internal standard substances. Results The test results showed the linear correlation coefficients for all elements were more than 0.999, the recovery rate were 80.6%-120.0% and precision was fine, RSD was lower than 6.0 %, the test results also showed a close agreement with the reference values in test of reference materials of GSBZ 50009-88, GSBZ 500019-90, GSBZ 50004-88 and GSBZ50039-95. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate and suitable for determination of 15 elements in drinking water-related products soak test.

Objective: To investigate the postoperative change of concentration of CD_(41) in peripheral platelet following intra-operative polygeline administration. Method: Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into studied and control groups. The patients in studied group were infused with 1 000ml polygeline whereas 1 000ml ringer's solution in control group. The concentration of CD_(41) in peripheral platelet was measured with immunocytometry before surgery, one hour, one day, two and five days after surgery. Result: There was no statistical difference in CD_(41) level between the two groups before surgery, CD_(41)values one hour and one day after surgery were obviously decreased in studied group compared with these in control group (P

AIM: Shengdeye is a kind of medicinal wine. It is fermented with 30 kinds of medicinal herbs such as glossy ganoderma, pilose antler, panax, medlar and sorghum. This study aimed to observe the effects of Shengdeye on anti-fatigue and memory in mice.METHODS: The mice were fed with Shengdeye 5 ml*kg-1 and 2.5 ml*kg-1 2 times per day. After 7 days, the mice were examined on anoxia-resistant and swimming test for anti-fatigue and step down test for memory.RESULTS: The anoxia-resistant of shengdege group was apparently longer than that of the control group ［(29.60±1.36) min vs (24.40±3.13) min, P＜0.01］, and the swimming time was sharply increased ［(142.6±53.8) min for 2.5 ml*kg-1 and (162.9±43.5) min for 5 ml*kg-1 vs (94.9±39.1) min, P＜0.05］. The error times of shengdege group was lower than that of the control ［(1.5±1.4) times and (2.3±1.3) times vs (3.7±1.1) times， P＜0.01］. The delitescence of two group were sharply prolonged ［(136.8±50.1) s, and (128.0±41.5) s vs (50.2±42.9) s， P＜0.01］.CONCLUSION: The results indicated that Shengdeye had an anti-fatigne effect and increased the faculty of memory. The experiment of acute toxicity showed that the medicinal herbs in Shyengdeye were safe.

Objective To examine the role of SPHK-1/S1P and NFκB p65 signal pathway in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)drug-resistant cells.Methods The drug-resistant cell line of lung cancer H460/DDP was constructed and its biological characteristics were identified successfully.The expression of SPHK-l was tested by RT-PCR and Western blot methods.S1 P and some proteins related to NFκB pathway were studied by Western blot. Results The drug-resistant lung cancer cell line H460/DDP was constructed and its drug-resistant ability was evaluated (IC50H460/DDP = 50.62μg/mL, RIH460/DDP = 2.95 ). Cisplatin at a concentration of 10 - 80 μg/mL significantly decreased cell death of drug-resistant cell line (P<0 .01 ).Western blot assay analysis showed that overexpressions of SPHK-l,S1 P and NFκB p65 were significantly higher in drug-resistant cell line than in their parent cell line H460 (P=0.0415,P=0.0465,P=0.0218).RT-PCR method revealed that SPHK-1 mRNA was overexpressed in drug-resistant cell line compared with that in their parent cell line H460 (P<0.05).More NFκB p65 protein in cell nucleus was expressed in drug-resistant cells than in parent cells.Conclusion SPHK-1/S1P and NFκB p65 signal pathway may play an improtant role in the drug-resistant H460 cell line in non-small cell lung cancer.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract ( GBE) on diabetic retinopathy ( DR) and its possible mechanism in rats .METHODS:Goto-Kakizaki ( GK) rats were used as a DR model, and were treated with different doses of GBE.Normal Wistar rats were used as the control.Blood glucose and retina barrier injury were analyzed, respectively.Ganglion cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Moreover, the protein expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2( Nrf2) , ERK, Bcl-2 and P53, and ERK phosphorylation were examined by Western blot.RESULTS:GBE reduced blood glucose in the DR rats, attenuated retina barrier injury, and decreased the apoptosis of ganglion cells. Furthermore, the expression of Nrf2 and Bcl-2, and phosphorylation of ERK were increased after GBE treatment, whereas P53 expression was decreased.CONCLUSION:GBE protects ganglion cells against apoptosis in DR rats, which may be through activation of Nrf2/ERK pathway and regulating Bcl-2 and P53 expression.

Objective To explore the effect of the cancer pain nursing team in standardized nursing inter-vention of pain in elderly cancer patients.Methods 76 patients in Department of Pain in our hospital were selected in our research.A random number table method was used to divide them into the control group and the observation group,with 38 cases in each group.Conventional treatment and nursing care was given to control group.The observa-tion group received routine treatment and nursing care by cancer pain nursing team,which the content of nursing was same,but the nursing method is different.Before and after the intervention,impact on pain intensity,adverse reactions and satisfaction for medical and nursing were compared between the two groups.Results Before nursing intervention, the pain score between the two groups had no statistically significant difference(P >0.05).After nursing interven-tion,pain score of the observation group was 1.5 (1,2)points,which was lower than 2(1,3)points in the control group,the observation group had better analgesic effect than the control group (Z = -4.385,P =0.000).The incidence rate of adverse reaction of the observation group was 13.16%,which was lower than 47.37% of the control group,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2 =10.537,P =0.001).The satisfaction for medical nursing process in the observation group was (9.74 ±0.45 )points,which was higher than (9.42 ± 0.76)points of the control group (t =2.213,P =0.030).Conclusion For senile cancer patients,the cancer pain nursing team could implement the standardized nursing intervention to relieve the body pain level,reduce the adverse drug reactions,so as to improve the quality of life.

Objective Determination of polysaccharide content in dried peel seeding watermelon, and its mechanism of lowering blood glucose.Methods The content of polysaccharides in dried peel of seeding watermelon was determined by the method of phenol-sulfuric acid.Mice were given starch and sucrose load,and the mouse blood glucose was examined.The inhibitory activities of seeding watermelon against α-glucosidase were tested by the colorimetry of pNPG.Results The calibration of polysaccharide was A=0.066 4 C+0.022 6, R2=0.999 5, the content of polysaccharide in dried peel of seeding watermelon was 4.45% (n=10,RSD=1.80%);50,100 and 150 mg·kg-1 of polysaccharide could significantly reduce the starch load in mice blood glucose(P<0.01);100 and 150 mg·kg-1 of polysaccharide significantly reduced sucrose load blood glucose(P<0.01);polysaccharide concentration in 18 mg·mL-1 could significantly inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase as the inhibitory rate was (73.19±3.45)% (n=10).Conclusion Seeding watermelon polysaccharide has effect on lowering blood glucose in starch and sucrose load mice, and inhibits α-glucosidase significantly.

Extraction of teeth is the most basic and widely used operation of oral and maxillofacial surgery. According to characteristics of extraction of teeth, the author views medical ethics principles which in the diagnoses and treatments process from the aspect of medical ethics, they are,①Doctors must intensify their own quality and self - cultivations and establish the idea of " People First ". ②Doctors must carry on the overall and systematic inspection, make the plan of diagnoses and treatments synthetically toimplement the idea of " People First ". ③Doctors should pay attention to interact with patient, meet different patients' demands and create the harmonious medical environment.

Objective To summarize the experiences on the diagnosis of pancreatic trauma and to explore the strategy of its management.Methods The clinical data of 48 patients with pancreatic trauma,who were admitted and treated in the Center for General Surgery,General Hospital of Chengdu Command of PLA from June 1998 to June 2008,were retrospectively studied,and the diagnosis,surgical management,and the therapeutic effects were analyzed.Results Of the 48 patients,32 patients(66.7%) were diagnosed as pancreatic injury before operation,and in 16(33.3%) the final diagnosis was confirmed intraoperatively.For these 48 patients,the degree of pancreatic injury was graded according to AAST-OIS as follows:Grade Ⅰ 9 cases,Grade Ⅱ 28 cases,Grade Ⅲ 5 cases,Grade Ⅳ 4 cases and Grade Ⅴ 2 cases.Of the 48 patients,44(91.7%) recovered and 4(8.3%) died.Early complications occurred in 2 cases(4.2%),one with traumatic pancreatitis and another subphrenic Abscess.Late complication such as pancreatic secretion insufficiency occurred in 3 patients(6.3%) in whom resection of distal portion of pancreas was done.7 patients(14.6%) had postoperative complications,including 2 cases of pancreatic pseudocyst,4 cases of pancreatic fistula and 1 case of pancreatic fistula combined with intestinal fistula.Conclusions The early diagnosis of pancreatic trauma should be based on a comprehensive patient history and scrupulous physical examination,aided by auxiliary examinations including serum amylase level,ultrasound,CT scanning,endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography(ERCP) or magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography(MRCP),and laparotomy if necessary.Pancreatic fistula is the main complication following pancreatic trauma and often occurs in the patients with severe pancreatic injury.Aggressive operation on the pancreas is not recommended,while correct judgement of injury to the main duct,a good debridement,effective drainage and flawless pancreaticoenterostomy are the key factors to avoid postoperative fistula.