Melasma is a common cutaneous disorder of pigment metabolism with complex etiology and pathogenesis.Combination therapy has been preferred by dermatologists for better therapeutic effects and less adverse reactions compared with monotherapy.At present,the treatment of melasma is diversiform,mainly including oral or topical drugs,lasers or photon therapy and combination therapy,etc.Individualized treatment is recommended based on etiology,clinical course and types of melasma,as well as previous treatment history.Combination therapy,sequential therapy or supplement therapy should be included in the treatment of melasma.

Objective To study the value of spiral CT and ultrasound in the dingnosis of gallbladder cancer.Methods Spiral CT and ultrasonic findings and diagnostic value of gallbladder cancer proved pathologically in 34 cases were comparatively analysed.Results The diagnostic accurate rates of gallbladder cancer by CT and ultrasound were 67.6%(23/34 cases) and 61.8%(21/34 cases),there were no statistically significance.While,spiral CT in combination with ultrasound in diagnosing gallbladder carcinoma,the diagnostic accurate rate was up to 88.2%(30/34 cases),which was of significance statistically .Conclusion Combined utilization of spiral CT and ultrasonography can improve the diagnostic rate of gallbladder cancer.

Controlled Ecological Life-support System(CELSS)is one of the key technologies that must be solved before founding permanent base in space such as Lunar or Mars base.After discussing with Russian experts and analysing the data,the author introduced something important about CELSS in Russia,including research methods,achievements and problems to be solved urgently.In the end a proposal for developing CELSS research in China was given based on them.

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of regimens of empiric antibiotic therapy in neutropenic hematological maligence patients.Methods The clinical data of empiric antibiotic therapy for 260 febrile episodes in 125 neutropenic hematological maligence patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 45 febrile episodes were treated with tazocin plus amikacin(regimen TA).80 episodes were treated with ceftazidime plus amikacin(regimen CA),75 episodes with imipenem plus amikacin(regimen IA) and 60 episodes with maxipime plus amikacin(regimen MA).The medians of initial therapy in each regimen were 7～8 days.Percentage of satisfactory response had no significant difference in episodes treated with regimens TA,IA and MA(65%,70% and 79% respectively),and it was better than regimen CA(P

Sepsis is a common acute systemic infection,severe sepsis has a high rate of mortality,and its incidence rate is rising year by year.Due to the overproduction of free radicals in sepsis,microcirculation blood is drived disorder,multiple organ function can be impaired.This review describes the role of ascorbic acid in sepsis patients,which can reverse the oxidative stress injury rapidly through an eNOS-dependent mechanism,resisting platelet adhersion,preventing capillary embolism,resevering microcirculation blood flow,so as to improve patients' survival.

The chemic al composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the material base for its prevention and treatment of disease. Characterization, analysis and isolation of chemical constituents, important fields of modern research on TCM, however, are still a great challenge due to the complexity. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in these fields with the application of new chromatographic packing materials and methods, analysis technologies represented by LC-MS and the associated databases and softwares. Here, the advancement of methods and strategies used in the research on the chemical constituents of TCM is briefly reviewed.

Objective To explore the relationship of cell proliferation of acute leukemia stimulated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) and the expression of granulocyte colony stimulating factors receptor(G-CSFR).Methods Thirty cases of initial and refractory-relapse acute myeloid leukaemia(AML) patients,20 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and 20 normal controls were involved in the study.The 5ml bone marrow was taken from each patient before chemotherapy and the marrow mononuclear cells(MNC) were cultured with 5,10,15,20 and 25 ng/ml G-CSF respectively.After 24h,the DNA diploid and the expressions of G-CSFR and CD34 were detected by flow cytometry(FCM).Results The DNA diploid of MNC from AML was increased with the elevated concentration of G-CSF after 24h,and that of the ALL and normal control did not change significantly.The expression rates of G-CSFR were(68.59?13.99)%,(1.90?0.93)% and(70.5?10.8)% in AML,ALL and the normal control respectively.The expression rates of CD34 were(45.15?4.22)%,(46.75?3.15)% and(3.15?0.22)% in AML,ALL and normal control respectively.The expression of G-CSFR in AML was significantly different from that of ALL(P0.05).The expression of G-CSFR in ALL was significantly different from that of the normal control(P

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of firing numbers on the total opening pore volume (TPV), translucency parameter (TP) and color of dental all-ceramic systems.

METHODSSpecimens of three kinds of all-ceramics systems were made, i.e. heat pressed all-ceramic (IPS Empress II), alumina all-ceramic (In-Cream alumina blanks) and zirconia all-ceramic (Cercon CAD/CAM zirconia). The specimens' TP, lightness (deltaL), chroma (deltaC) and TPV after 1, 3 and 5 firings were measured and calculated by spectrophotometer and surface area/porosity system. The data were analyzed statistically using SAS 8.0 software.

RESULTSThere were significant differences in TPV, TP, deltaL and deltaC for all-ceramic specimens at same number of firings (P<0.05), i.e. IPS>alumina and zirconia for TPV (P<0.05); IPS>zirconia>alumina for TP and deltaL (P<0.05); IPS and alumina>zirconia for deltaC (P<0.05). The significant differences also presented in TPV, TP, deltaL and deltaC for a same specimen at different number of firings (P<0.05). With increasing number of firings, TPV decreased, and TP, deltaL and deltaC increased gradually. There were negative linear correlation between number of firings and TPV, TP, deltaL and deltaC (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONRepeated firings will affect TP and deltaL of all-ceramic restorations via the change of TPV.

Objective To explore whether endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) exerts therapeutic effects on rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin.Male SD rats were divided into normal control group(NC group), diabetic peripheral neuropathy group(DPN group), DPN+saline group(DPN+S group), and DPN+EPCs group.Sciatic nerve motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV) was measured by a electromyography and trigger potentiometer instrument.Pathological changes were observed under optical microscope and electron microscope.Results Compared with normal control group [(52.91 ± 4.53) m/s], both DPN group and DPN+S group had slower sciatic nerve MNCV [(36.51 ± 6.30 and 25.37 ± 5.48) m/s, P＜0.01].Compared with DPN group, the MNCV of sciatic nerve in DPN + EPCs group had improved significantly [(36.51 ± 6.30 vs 46.20 ± 11.70) m/s, P ＜ 0.01].Sciatic nerve pathological changes, characterized by demyelination and axonal degeneration under light microscope and electron microscope were observed in DPN group, DPN+EPCs group, and DPN+S group.Compared with DPN+S group, the sciatic nerve pathological changes of DPN+EPCs group were alleviated.Conclusion After fed for 12 weeks, diabetic rats could progress to DPN rats.Transplantation of EPCs could improve MNCV, demyelination and axonal degeneration changes of sciatic nerver of the DPN rats.

Objective To study the relationship of immunophenotype and prognosis of acute leukemia(AL). Methods 75 patients with AL were analyzed immunophenotype expression by FCM and evaluated the effect of differ-ent immunophenotype to prognosis. Results (1) The incidence of CD13, CD33, CD64, CD117 expression in AML was 82%. The incidence of CD2, CD3, CD7, CD19, CD20 expression in ALL was 88%. The incidence of lymphocytic lineage antigen expression in AML(Ly + AML) was 13% and myeloid lineage antigen expression in ALL(My + ALL) was 11%. (2)According to the antigen expression, AL could be classified into three subgroups:lineage-specific expres-sion;mixture-lineage expression and null type. The lineage-specific expression was the highest in AML and ALL, and had a better clinical prognosis. The null type was the lowest neither in AML nor ALL and had a poorer clinical progno-sis. In mixture-lineage expression the CR rate of AML with CD7+ was the lowest than those with lineage-specific ex-pression and had poorer prognosis. Conclusions AL immtmophenotype might be devided into three subgroups:line-age-specific expression; mixture-lineage expression and null type. In the patients with CD7+ AML and null type ex-pression,lower CR rate and poorer prognosis were seen than those with lineage-specific expression. It needed to ex-plore new treatment methods.