AIM: Based on the water-solubility of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different relative molecular weight (RMW) and sodium alginate, we investigated the porous structure and property of calcium alginate scaffold with different RMW and dosages of PEG, which was used as porogenic agent. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering and Biomaterials, Jinan University from March 2006 to September 2007.①PEG at different RMWs (Mw=2 000, 4 000, 6 000, 8 000, 10 000, 20 000, 35 000) and different dosages (mass fraction=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06) were added into sodium alginate solution at 0.02 mass fraction. Then alginate was crosslinked, solidified and molded into indiscerptible film and graininess through Ca2+. PEG was dissolved by water. Therefore, a mass of porous structures could be formed in alginate.②Water content and swelling ratio of alginate was tested. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the porous configuration. RESULTS: ①Porous alginate scaffold could be obtained through PEG and it exhibited good intensity and toughness, with water content reaching 92%. The scaffold could be formed into film and graininess.②Scanning electron microscope results revealed that the distribution of porous structure was uniformed. The aperture was 43.75 ?m-2.8 mm, and could be controlled by PEG's RMW and dosage. Inflated and uniform aperture structure was harvested when RMW of PEG was 4 000 and 6 000. CONCLUSION: Porous alginate structure can be obtained through regulating PEG's RMW and dosage. High water content and porosity of alginate scaffold material can be used in cell culture of tissue engineering and used as controlled release matrix of bio-active component.

Objective To explore the clinical nursing methods for the treatment of the skin degloving injury in foot by the combination of free femoral anterolateral skin flap transplantation and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) technique. Methods From January 2010 to January 2014, 18 cases of the skin degloving injury in foot were treated by debridement and implant skin, negative pressure drainage and irrigation at first period, then the operation to repair the foot wound by transplant femoral anterolateral skin flap were done at second period. Nurses applied the key technology of VSD into postoperative nursing. Nurses should master the observation method and characteristics for the flow of blood to the flap skin, the method for foot position nursing, afford effective analgesic care, and flap local high flow oxygen therapy,improve the local tissue oxygen partial pressure and introduce the foot early functional exercise during postoperative. Results Eighteen cases flaps all survived. Clients were followed-up for 6 to 12 months,the discovery showed that all of the clients had good flap blood supply,the skin was soft and elastic,and the function of foot were recovered well. Conclusions The combination of of free femoral anterolateral skin flap transplantation and VSD technique apply into foot degloving injury repairation postoperative care,by application of high quality nursing, it really can improve the success rate of surgery and reduce the pain for clients.

目的探讨保留胃管对重型颅脑损伤气管切开患者气管套管拔管后切口闭合及肺部感染的影响。方法64例重症颅脑损伤气管切开患者,按是否保留原有胃管分成实验组(保留原有胃管)和对照组(不保留原有胃管),对两组患者气管套管拔出后切口闭合时间、肺部再次感染等情况进行观察。结果实验组切口闭合时间(2.26±1.94)d较对照组(3.83±3.82)d缩短(P<0.05);实验组肺部再次感染率(14.70%)少于对照组(40%,P<0.05)。结论重型颅脑损伤气管切开患者选择在拔气管套管时保留原有胃管可使切口早期愈合,减少肺部再次感染。

Objective To study the expression of a novel inhibitor of apptosis and survivin in cervical carcinoma and its relationship to the expression of Bcl-2.Methods Using SP immunohistochemical technique, we examined the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 in 59 cervical invasive squamous cell carcinomas.Results Survivin was expressed in 41 of 59 cases(69.5%) of cervical carcinomas. In contrast, no expression of survivin in normal cervical tissues was observed. Overexpression of survivin was related to the tumor grade and clinical stage. Survivin positive cases were strongly associated with Bcl-2 expression(80% versus 35.7%;P＜0.005).Conclusion Apoptosis inhibition by survivin abnormal expression, alone or in cooperation with Bcl-2, may participate in the onset and progression of cervical carcinoma. Survivin is a new diagnostic/therapeutic target in cervical cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the left ventricular segmental strains,global strains and systolic function in the patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography(3D-STI),and to clarify the characteristics of early myocardial strain changes after PCI and their clinical values.Methods:Thirty patients received PCI for left anterior descending branch disease were enrolled as case group;at the same period, 30 healthy middleaged and elderly people were selected as control group.After two-dimensional ultrasound data were obtained regularly, the myocardial motion and systolic functions of the patients in two groups were detected with 3D-STI, and all segmental strain, global longitudinal strain(GLS), global radial strain(GRS), global circumferential strain (GCS)and global area strain(GAS) values of left ventricle and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) values were collected.Results:Compared with control group, the global strain values of the patients in case group were lower than those in control group;9/16 longitudimal strain(LS), 8/16 circumferential strain(CS), 5/16 radial strain(RS) and 11/16 area strain(AS) were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05).The decrease of strain value was mainly concentrated in the anterior segment of the anterior wall, the anterior segment of the anterior wall, anterior apical segment, anterior septal basal segment, anterior septal segment, posterior septal basal segment, posterior septal segment, and posterior septal segment.The GLS,GAS and GCS in case group were negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.819,r=-0.897,r=-0.807,P<0.0001);the GRS was postively correlated with LVEF(r=0.862,P<0.0001).Conclusion:3D-STI can quantitatively analyze the segmental wall motion of left ventricle and could apply the parameters to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy after PCI.

Objective To evaluate application effects of mind map in standardized training courses for the new nurses.Method 73 new nurses who graduated for 1-3 years were random divided into an experimental group (n=37) and a control group (n=36).Nursing department organized standardized training course for 73 new nurses for one year.The control group used conventional teaching methods,while the experimental group introduced mind mapping in teaching.Effects were evaluated after one year.Results The average scores of both theory and operation examination in experimental group were better than the control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (P=0.002,0.000).The score of critical thinking ability:the total score of experimental group was (303.89 ±23.81),higher than the total score of the control group (280.36 ± 17.22),and the total score and seven dimension score difference had statistical significance(P＜0.05,for all).Besides,the total score of selfstudy ability in the experimental group (126.54 ± 5.65),was higher than those in the control group (116.58-± 6.36),and the total score and four dimension score difference had statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusion Using mind mapping in the standardized training courses for nurses can arouse nurses' interest in learning,improve their critical thinking skills and autonomous self-study ability,and enhance the effectiveness of training.

Objective To explore the effect of quality control circle(QCC)on the maintenance of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)for discharged cancer children.Methods Ninety-seven discharged cancer children with PICC were nursed by QCC, including establishing activity theme,analyzing key factors,making objectives,and working out and manipulating coping strategy. This study also compared the pass rates of PICC maintenance before and after the implementation.Result The pass rate of PICC maintenance was increased from 44.4%before manipulation of PICC to 71.7%after its use(χ2=17.63,P<0.01).Conclusion By the application of QCC,the pass rate of PICC maintenance for discharged cancer children can be effectively raised and the teamwork spirits of nurses may be consolidated as well.

In recent years, chemotherapy is an important treatment for colorectal cancer, but the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs is still poor, adverse reactions, and there are individual differences, studies have found that chemotherapy sensitizer in colorectal cancer is important, it is not only can improve the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs can reduce the toxicity of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy is to becomne a research focus in recent vears.Chemotherapy sensitizer will lead people to explore various combinations of different drugs and chemotherapy for the treatment of diseases and bring better outcomes, it will usher in a new era.The efficacy, mechanism, research status and safety of the colorectal cancer for enhancing its chemotherapy sensitivity of these representative drugs were reviewed in these article.

ObjectivesTo investigate the composition of clinical classiifcation and pathological patterns and their rela-tionships and change in children with renal disease undergoing biopsy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of pathological and clinical data obtained from children (≤14 year) with renal disease undergoing biopsy from 1984-1997 and from 1998-2011 was performed.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and sixty-two children underwent renal biopsy in 28 years, and 1313 patients were recruited in this study, 824 males (62.8%) and 489 females (37.2%). The mean age was 9 years and 4 months at renal biopsy. There were 921 children (70.1%) with primary glomerular disease (PGD) and 312 children (23.8%) with secondary glomerular disease (SDG). The main clinical classiifcations of PGD were nephrotic syndrome (NS, 31.2%), isolated hematuria (IH, 16.1%), and acute glomerulonephritis (AGN, 11.0%). The main pathological patterns of PGD were IgA nephrop-athy (IgAN, 27.6%), minimal change disease (MCD, 24.0%), and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 16.9%). The main causes of SGD were lupus nephritis (LN, 40.7%), Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura nephritis (HSPN, 34.3%), and hepatitis B virus related glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN, 19.6%). In this 28 years, the composition of PGD was decreased, however, the compositions of SGD and other renal diseases were increased. Compared with 1984-1997, the pathological manifestations of IgAN, MCD and focal segmental glomeralosclerosis were increased, MsPGN, IgMN, and crescentic glomerulonephritis were decreased in 1998-2011. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In SGD patients, HBV-GN was significantly decreased (P<0.05).ConclusionsPGD is the main disease in children undergoing renal biopsy. IgAN is the most common pathological pattern. NS is the most common clinical classiifcation. In this 28 years, the composition of PGD is decreased, SGD and other renal diseases are increased in children undergoing renal biopsy.

An ordered mesoporous silica ( OMS ) was synthesized through hydrothermal process. The synthesized material was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and transmission electron microscope. The electrochemical characteristics of the OMS modified carbon paste electrode ( OMS/CPE ) were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared with bare carbon paste electrode ( CPE ) , the OMS/CPE exhibited a larger electrode surface and a faster electron-transfer rate. Electrochemical behaviors and kinetic properties of L-tryptophan ( L-Trp) at the OMS/CPE in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate ( SDS) were studied. The results showed that the voltammetric response of L-Trp at OMS/CPE was improved due to the synergistic effect of OMS and SDS. The electrochemical oxidation of L-Trp at OMS/CPE in the presence of SDS was an irreversible process involved two electrons and two protons, and the electrode process was controlled by the adsorption step. Some parameters such as SDS concentration, accumulation time, accumulation potential and pH were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was linearly proportional to L-Trp concentration in the range of 8. 0×10-8 to 4. 0×10-6 mol/L, with a detection limit of 7. 0×10-8 mol/L (S/N=3 ) . The proposed method was applied for the determination of L-Trp in oral liquid with the recoveries of 99 . 6%-102 . 6%.