The mercury content in soil and sediment, although minimal, but its toxicity is substantial.Different speciation of mercury has different toxicity, so the determination of total mercury can not fully reveal its toxicity and bioavailability.The speciation of mercury has become more and more indispensable.This paper summarizes the extraction and determination methods of the total and the speciation mercury in soil and sediment, and the extraction and determination of methyl mercury.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the long-term allograft survival in cadaver- ic renal transplantation.Methods Parameter data were obtained from 249 patients who received immuno- suppressive agents after renal transplantation.Health resources were evaluated for 1-5 years;and 14 relevant factors,including age,sex,therapeutic regimen choice and complications,etc were analyzed.Life table method and COX regression model were used to analyze the risk factors influencing the outcomes and to calculate the survival rates.Results Following renal transplantation,the survival rates of recipients who lived for 1,2 and 3 years were 72.6%,56.0% and 40.8%,respectively;and the rates of those who lived for 4 and 5 years both were 22.5%.The median survival time was 34.9 month.With the therapy prolonged,the survival benefit in MMF group was superior to that in AZA group,with the median survival time being 38.9 months 30.6 months,respectively.COX regression model showed that the main predictive factors were treatment regi- men(P=0.000),follow-up period(P=0.000),patient's compliance(P=0.000),acute rejection episode (P=0.020),sex(P=0.001)and hospitalization period(P=0.040).Conclusions Life table and COX regression model are useful methods for evaluating long-term outcome and influencing factors in renal trans- plant patients.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and superiority of combined spinal epidural anesthesia incesarean section.Methods 100 lying-in women who experienced cesarean section were collected and divided into combined spinal epidural anesthesia group(CSEA,n=50)and continuous epidural anesthesia group(CEA,n=50).The change of heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP)and saturation of peripheral oxygen(SpO2),HR and BP of lyingin womeu in pre-anesthesia,5min,15min post-anesthesia and the time of taking effect,time between beginning of anesthesia and laboar of newborn were observed.The side effects of surgical anesthesia and Apgar score of newborn were compared between the two groups.Results There were no difference in clinical data,change of HR,BP and spO2 between two groups.The anaesthetic time of taking effect and the time between beginning of anesthesia and labour of newborn in group CSEA were shorter than in group CEA(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The combined CSEA and CEA was safe and efficient in cesarean section,and CSEA had greater efficacy than CEA in cesarean section.

Objective To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical effect of laparoscopic improved myomectomy. Methods After the surgical techniques and instruments were improved, laparoscopic myomectomies were performed in 91 patients with uterine myoma. The maximum diameter of myoma was (60 4?11 9) mm (range, 25 mm～110 mm), and in 35 cases the myomas were ≥7 0 cm and in 56 cases 0 05). Conclusions After the surgical techniques and instruments were improved, the operation time and the blood loss can be reduced, and better clinical effect obtained, even in patients with somewhat larger uterine myoma.

Objective To investigate the surgical indications and techniques of laparoscopic operations for benign ovarian cysts. Methods A total of 112 patients underwent laparoscopic operations of cyst decollement, ovariotomy and adnexectomy. Results There were 104 cases (92 9%) of decollement, 5 cases (4 5%) of adnexectomy and 3 cases (2 7%) of ovariotomy.The operation time was (61 9?23 7) min, the intraoperative blood loss (37 0?40 7) ml, the postoperative hospital stay (6 8?2 4) days, the postoperative peak temperature of patients (37 8?0 5)℃, the duration of postoperative temperature beyond 37 5℃ (2 0?1 1) days and the time to first passing flatus (1 9?0 5) days. Pathological diagnoses showed 54 cases (48 2%) of ovary endometrial cyst, 30 (26 8%) of benign teratoma, 16 (14 3%) of mesonephroma, 8 (7 1%) of corpus luteum cyst, 3 (2 7%) of serous tumor and 1 (0 9%) fibroma. Conclusions Laparoscopic operations for benign ovarian cysts have advantages of minimally invasive surgery. However, indications must be strictly followed before operations, in the view of avoiding meeting malignant tumors in operations.

The root of Caragana sinica (Buc' hoz)Rehd' is a Chinese folk medicine which is said to be useful for thetreatment of asthenia syndrome,vascular hypertension, leukorrhagia, arthrodynia, and as antiinflammatory agent. In the course of our search for inhibitors of protein kinase C from Chinese herbs,chemical constituentsof the root of C. sinica was examined. Frorn ethanol extract of this crude drug,five isof1avones were isolatedand identified as flemichapparnin B, formononetin, pseudobaptigenin, 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxy isoflavone,and 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3', 4' -methylenedioxy isoflavone.

AIM:To explore the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and energy metabolism dysfunction in hepatocyte adipose degeneration induced by alcohol and calf serum(CS).METHODS:The growing L02 cells were treated with different concentrations of alcohol.To screen the proper concentration of alcohol,the proliferation of cells was measured by MTT.Lipid droplets in the cells were observed through oil red staining.Triglyceride(TG)content was detected with analyzed kit.The level of ROS and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential(??m)in cells were tested by flow cytometry.Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)was applied to assay the cellular ATP content.RESULTS:Lipid droplets were observed under light microscope in the cells treated with 2% alcohol and 50% CS(A+CS)for 36 h.Compared to control group,the cellular TG and ROS levels in model group markedly increased while ??m and ATP content in cells significantly decreased(P

AIM:To investigate the role of fibrocystin/polycystin (FPC) in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) development by means of screening the protein interaction using yeast two-hybrid approach. METHODS:The constructed pGBKT7-FPC was used as the bait to screen the pre-transformed human fetal kidney cDNA expression library by yeast two-hybrid assay to obtain the host cell protein which interacted with C-terminal region of FPC. The sequence transformation screening experiment was applied to confirm the protein interactions in yeast. RESULTS:After yeast mating and co-transformation screening analysis,Klotho (KL) was selected from the host cells and the interaction between KL and FPC was further confirmed. CONCLUSION:C-terminal region of FPC can interact with KL,which probably provide the approach for further studying the role and biochemistry mechanism of FPC protein in ARPKD.

AIM: To investigate the role of fibrocystin/polycystin (FPC) in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) development by means of screening the protein interaction using yeast two-hybrid approach. METHODS: The constructed pGBKT7-FPC was used as the bait to screen the pre-transformed human fetal kidney cDNA expression library by yeast two-hybrid assay to obtain the host cell protein which interacted with C-terminal region of FPC. The sequence transformation screening experiment was applied to confirm the protein interactions in yeast. RESULTS: After yeast mating and co-transformation screening analysis, Klotho (KL) was selected from the host cells and the interaction between KL and FPC was further confirmed. CONCLUSION: C-terminal region of FPC can interact with KL, which probably provide the approach for further studying the role and biochemistry mechanism of FPC protein in ARPKD.

Objective To evaluate the microRNA role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence.Methods By computer retrieval Medline,mirbase,PubMed,Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI),ten thousand database and VIP database,manual retrieval relevant references.Literature retrieval time limit are built from the library until July 2014.English database to Alcoholism,Alcohol Dependence,Alcohol Abstinence,Alcohol Amnestic Disorder Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders,mirna as keywords retrieval;Chinese database to Alcoholism,Alcohol Dependence,Alcohol Abstinence,Alcohol Amnestic Disorder Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders,microRNA,etc.Retrieved from the database to the related literature in July 2014.Results A total of 26 studies were recruited including 8 Chinese literatures and 18 English literatures.Conclusion Abnormal expression of miRNAs will become the next research direction.MicroRNAs may become new biomarker of alcohol dependence on diagnosis,may also makes the molecular drug targets,or the molecular simulation for new drug research and development,this could be for the treatment of alcohol dependence provides a new means.