OBJECTIVE:To promote the launching of pharmaceutical care in drugstores.METHODS:Combining with practical working experiences,multi-points of view were proposed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Pharmaceutical care is a key factor for drugstores to outweigh in the brands build and competition of differentiation of drugs.High-quality pharmaceutical care are needed by consumers,to ensure which,Good Pharmacy Practice(GPP)is an effective means.

Objective To investigate metabolic characteristics and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes pa-tients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease .Methods Two hundred patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus including 140 with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (NAFLD group) and 60 without NAFLD (non-NAFLD group) were recruited. Metabolic characteristic were measured and recorded .homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) index and HOMA-C were used to assess insulin resistance .Results were compared between two groups .Results Compared with non-NAFLD group, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), uric acid ( UA) , triglyceride ( TG) , low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) ,fasting insulin ( FINS) , fasting C peptide ( FCP) , gly-cated hemoglobin a1c (HbA1c), HOMA-IR, and HOMA-C were significantly higher in the NAFLD group ( P <0.05).Logistics re-gression analysis showed that BMI , TG, GGT, and UA were risk factots for NAFLD ( P <0.05, OR =1.82, 1.53, 1.37, and 1.09 ) .Conclusions Compared patients without NAFLD , newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients with NAFLD present more meta-bolic disturbance, and severely insulin resistance.Obesity and the increased level of postprandial UA , triglyceridemia, and GGT might increase the risk of NAFLD in the patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus .

BACKGROUND: Homocysteine is associated with the attack of cerebral infarction, and cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) is a key enzyme of the metabolism of homocysteine, but it is still not clear whether its gene mutation is the potential candidate genic factor of cerebral infarction.OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation of CBS base mutation at T833C and G919 sites with the attack of ischemic stroke in youths from the angle of genic mutation.DESIGN: A patient-control analysis.SETTING: Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University.PARTICIPANTS: Patient group (n=100): Young inpatients with cerebral infarction ≤ 45 years old in the China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Jilin University between April 2003 and December 2004, admitted within 2 days after attack. Control group (n=100): Normal young physical examinees in this hospital at the same period.METHODS: The levels of fasting and loaded homocysteine in plasma were detected with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), CBS genes at T833C and G919A sites with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and amplification refractory mutation system in all the subjects.RESULTS: All of the 200 subjects entered the analysis of results. ① Detection of CBS genes at T833C and G919A sites: The distribution of genotype, frequency of homozygote and that of allele had no significant differences between the patient group and control group (P ＞ 0.05). ② Concentration of homocysteine in plasma: There were significant differences among the genotypes at G919A and T833C sites (P ＜ 0.001). The results of LSD-t test of the mutation at the two sites showed that there were significant differences between homozygote and heterozygote, homozygote and wild type,as well as C heterozygote and wild type (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ① The CBS gene mutations at both T833C and G919A sites can lead to the obvious increase of the concentration of homocysteine in plasma. ② The CBS gene mutations at T833C and G919A sites had no direct association with the attack of cerebrovascular disease in youths.

Objective To gain a better knowledge of the education for masters in clinical medicine (general practice) and provide a reference for the better exploration of the training mode of GP students.Methods 9 colleges and universities enrolling students for this program were selected with stratified sampling.A questionnaire was conducted in terms of admission,curriculum setting,clinical training,guidance and evaluation through officials in charge of graduate affairs from February to July in 2014.Descriptive analysis was performed to the investigation results,using SPSS 20.0 statistical software.Results A full-time undergraduate degree in clinical medicine was explicitly required in 88.9％ (8/9) of colleges and universities.The average total credits of the course were 23.7 and the average clinical training duration was 32.4 months.Tutor group was adopted in all colleges and universities.The assessment and evaluation of the GP masters was mainly composed of multiple forms of process assessment and final evaluation.Conclusion We suggest attaching more importance to the improvements of enrollment policy,curriculum system,clinical training,standardized training base construction,teaching staff,and evaluation system in order to explore GP training mode in accord with the law of general practice and suitable for China's national conditions.

This study conducted questionnaire survey to graduate medical students in Medicine (M.D.) and Stomatological Medicine (S.M.D) enrolled at Peking University Health Science Center in the year 2013,analyzed on the understanding,period,forms,mentoring and effect of research training.Suggestions are proposed to strengthen the research training,for example,focusing on clinical training as well as research training,aiming at clinical issues,emphasize of clinical scientific research,permeating the concept oftransformation medicine,promotion of intense full-time research,strengthen the mentoring of professors.

Objective Joint-PhD program is an effective way to cultivate international creative talents.Survey on intrinsic value factors of this mode is significant to improve the quality of medical education.Methods According to the questionnaire results and reports of 104 medical doctorates who attended the Joint-PhD program in PUHSC,Baldrige Performance Excellence was taken as theoretical framework.Results It showed that index influencing the quality of Joint-PhD education include social responsibility;stakeholders' expectation and market requirements;information and knowledge management support and so on.Conclusion In the process of doctoral education,advocating value of social responsibility,paying attention to the expectations of stakeholders,and attaching importance to the validity of education management services help to understand the intrinsic value of the quality management from the top universities in the world,in order to fundamentally improve the quality of doctoral education.

Objective To observe the electrocardiogram (ECG) of urban residents in non-endemic areas of Keshan disease in Ji'nan City,Shandong Province,and to provide scientific basis for health evaluation and prevention and control of Keshan disease.Methods From July 2014 to June 2015,ECGs of residents undertaken healthy examination in Shandong Ciming Physical Examination Center were collected,retrospective analysis was used to analyze residents' heart health.Statistical analysis was conducted according to sex and age groups,and the diagnosis of ECG was based on Concise Pediatric Electrocardiogram and Clinical Electrocardiography.Results Totally 31 753 ECGs were recorded,including 18 664 males accounting for 58.8％ and 13 089 females accounting for 41.2％,who were aged 6-78 years old,including 304 people 6-20 years old,18 861 people 21-40 years old,10 451 people 41-60 years old,and 2 137 people 61-78 years old.Totally 27 699 normal ECG (87.2％) and 4 054 abnormal ECG (12.8％) were detected,there were 2 212 males and 1 842 females in the abnormal ECG,the detection rates were 11.9％ (2 212/18 664) and 14.1％ (1 842/13 089) for males and females,respectively.The detection rate of female was significantly higher than that of male (x2 =34.082,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of ST-T change in abnormal ECG was the highest,which was 316.5/10 000 (1 005/31 753),men and women were 273.3/10 000 (510/18 664) and 378.2/10 000 (495/13 089),respectively.The detection rate of arrhythmia was 4.8％ (1 523/31 753),including 1 023 males and 500 females,and their detection rate of arrhythmia was 548.1/10 000 (1 023/18 664) and 382.0/10 000 (500/13 089),respectively.In arrhythmia,degree Ⅰ atrioventricular block (155.3/10 000,493/31 753),complete rightbundle branch block (81.6/10 000,259/31 753),ventricular premature beats (79.0/10 000,251/31 753),and atrial premature beats (48.2/10 000,153/31 753) had higher detection rates.Conclusion The detection rate of women of urban residents in Ji'nan is higher than that of men,the most common abnormal ECG is ST-T change,and the detection rate of arrhythmia is low.

[Objective] To observe the effects of Yun-Pi Prescription of different doss on endurance of rats with splenic asthenia and to explore the mechanism of Yun-pi Prescription in treatment of children apositia.[Methods] To set up the animal model of splenic asthenia with reserpine.Experimental rats were randomly divided into six groups:the control group,the model group,the positive control group.Xiao Shi Jian Er Syrup,and Yun-Pi Prescription treatment groups including high,middle and low dose.Changes of body weight,food intake and swimming time were measured to determine the endurance of rats.[Results] Yun-Pi Prescription could increase body weight and food intake,prolong the swimming time of splenic asthenia rats.[Conclusion] Yun-Pi Prescription could effectively counteract fatigue and improve endurance of rats with splenic asthenia and it is useful in treatment rats with splenic asthenia.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of XIAP in cisplatin-induced apoptosis and its possible mechanism. METHODS Hep-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin for different times. Using crystal violet assay, RT-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM), we investingated the rate of the cell apoptosis and the expression of XIAP protein and mRNA at different times after treating with different concentrations of cisplatin. RESULTS Hep-2 cells were adherent and in normal survival condition with very low apoptosis rate. After treating with cisplatin, the rate of inhibition, the expression of XIAP protein and the rate of apoptosis were remarkably different between different concentrations and times. The expression of XIAP protein was down regulated accompanied by the augmentation of the rate of Hep-2 cell apoptosis. The products of RT-PCR were analyzed, demonstrating that the XIAP mRNA was down regulated with the increased concentrations of cisplatin overtime. Correlation analysis showed the rate of inhibition and the rate of apoptosis were positively correlated with increased concentrations of cisplatin for different times, however, the expression of XIAP protein was negatively correlated. The expression of XIAP protein and the rate of apoptosis were conversely correlated. CONCLUSION The most important pathway that cisplatin induces cell death is apoptosis. The levels of expression of XIAP proteinand mRNA in Hep2 cells are time-and concentration-dependent after treating with cisplatin. Down-regulation of the XIAP protein expression to augment the rate of apoptosis is one of the mechanisms for the cisplatin tokill the carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the cardiac protection effect of venous fructose-1,6-diphosphate in pa-tients with primary bone malignant tumors. Methods 178 patients received 9 times of chemotherapy were randomly divided into non-cardiac protective therapy group (A group)and cardiac protective therapy group(B group). The car-diac toxicity was reflected by abnormal electrocardiographic changes. The abnormal electrocardiographic changes were compared in two groups. Results Abnormal electrocardiographic changes were significantly decreased in B group eompared with A group (30 vs 81 ,P <.05). Conclusion The cardiac protective medicine fructose-1,6-diphosphate efficiently decreased the cardiac toxicity in patients with primary bone malignant tumors treating with chemotherapy.