Objective To investigate the protective effects of isoflurane preconditioning plus mild hypothermia on isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Fifty male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 10 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ I/R; group Ⅲ isoflurane preconditioning (group P); group Ⅳ mild hypothermia (group M) and group Ⅴ isoflurane preconditioning + mild hypothermia (group PM). The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg/kg. The hearts were immediately removed and perfused with Krebs-Hensleit (K-H) solution aerated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 10 kPa via aorta at 37℃ in a Langendorff apparatus. The hearts were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 60 min reperfusion in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ. In group P and PM the hearts were perfused with K-H solution saturated with 1.0% isoflurane for 15 min followed by 15 min washout before ischemia.In group M and PM the hearts were made ischemic at 31 ℃ and perfused at 37℃. LVEDP, LVSP, dp/dtmax,dp/dtmm and HR were measured after equilibration (baseline), immediately before ischemia, and at 30 and 60 min reperfusion. The infarct size and cytochrome C level in cytoplasm and mitochondria of myocytes were measured.Motochondrial ultrastructure was examined using electron microscope. Results Cardiac function was significantly better, the infarct size significantly smaller, the cytochrome C level in cytoplasm significantly lower, while the cytochrome C level in mitochondria of myocytes significantly higher in group Ⅲ-Ⅴ than in group Ⅱ and in group Ⅴ than in group Ⅲ. The cytochrome C level in cytoplasm was significantly lower, while the cytochrome C level in mitochondria of myocytes significantly higher in group Ⅴ than in group Ⅳ. Less damage to mitochondria was observed in group PM than in group I/R, P and M. Conclusion Isoflurane preconditioning combined with mild hypothermia provides better protection against myocardial I/R injury by attenuating the release of cytochrome C from mitochrondria.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative nutritional risk of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods Totally, the nutritional risk of 144 colorectal cancer patients who were newly admitted to our hospital and were radiotherapy-naive or chemotherapy-naive were evaluated using Nutritonal Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002 ) before operation and two weeks after operation. Meanwhile, hemoglobin, serum levels of albumin and prealbumin, total lymphocyte count were measured and the postoperative complications were observed. Results The incidence of preoperative nutritional risk was 22. 91% (33/144). The predicted incidence of postoperative nutritional risk was 43. 06% (62/144), while the actual incidence was 54. 86% (79/144) (x2 =4. 016, P < 0.05). About 10. 13% of patients whose preoperative nutritional risk score≥3 experienced complications, while only 1. 54% of patients whose preoperative nutritional risk score < 3 had complications (x2 = 3. 065, P < 0.05). Conclusions The perioperative (especially postoperative) nutrition risk is high in patients with colorectal cancer. Patients with higher nutrition risk tend to experience postoperative complications.

Objective To test and estim ate the forensic application of G oldeneyeTM DNA ID 25A K it. Methods The kit was validated by a series of tests for accuracy, sensitivity, consistency, peak height balance, stability, and m ixed sam ples through m easured blood sam ples and other sam ples in routine casework. Results The peak height balance of the different loci was ≥42% . The genotyping results of the positive control DNA was accurate. The com plete STR genotyping result could be obtained from 0.125 ng positive control DNA . Conclusion G oldeneyeTM DNA ID 25A K it is suitable for crim inal cases and DNA database in forensic practice.

Interventional therapy is characterized by mini-invasion, accuracy, obvious curative effect and little side effect. In China, interventional therapy has been applied widely in the treatment of malignant carcinoma in recent 10 years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also has been adopted in the interventional therapy in recent years. This article reviews the history, status quo and prospect in interventional treatment of carcinoma with traditional Chinese medicine in experimental and clinical domains in recent years. Interventional therapy combined with TCM preparation directly or TCM therapy as a supplementary method of interventional therapy for carcinoma has played an active role in improving clinical curative effect, controlling and reducing toxic side effect and complications.

Objective To discuss the clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of the primary hepatic sarcomas. Methods The clinical data of 4 patients with primary hepatic sarcoma admitted to our hospital from January 1998 to December 2008 were viewed. Results There were 3 males and 1 female with age from 25 to 65 years. Abdominal pain, fatigue, weight loss and mass were among the complains. All 4 cases were misdiagnosed as liver cyst, liver cancer and liver adenoma respectively, and final diagnosis was established only by laparotomy and pathology. They were malignant mesenchymoma, carcinosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma respectively. Till now, 3 cases were still alive (respectively 4, 56 and 84 months after surgery), 1 case died intraoperatively. One case recurred 5 years after the operation. Conclusions Primary liver sarcoma is difficult to diagnose. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical examination remain the mainstay for final diagnosis. The prognosis is dependent on pathological type, differentiation, tumor invasion and metastasis.

Objective Pathologically, sometimes it is rather difficult to make differential diagnosis among hepatocellular, cholangiocellular and mixed type of hepatic tumors. The aim of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical features of mixed type of hepatocarcinoma and to propose some useful diagnostic criteria. Methods Fifteen cases of the hepatic tumor were examined by routine histological and immunohistochemical methods with S P technique. Results The mixed type of hepatic tumor accounted for 3.39% of all cases of primary hepatocarcinoma in the same period. Histologically, all the mixed type of hepatic tumors revealed some characteristics of hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas, one of them was collision tumor. Immunohistochemically, 10 cases of the tumor were positive for ? fetal protein(AFP) in the hepatocellular carcinoma area, while all 15 tumors were negative for AFP in all cholangiocellular carcinoma areas. Cytokeratin(CK8) was positive in the hepatocellular carcinoma areas of all mixed tumor, whereas positive in cholangiocellular carcinoma areas of 13 cases; CK19 was positive in cholangiocellular carcinoma areas of all the tumors, while positive in hepatocellular carcinoma areas of 13 cases. Bcl 2 gene product was positive in 66.7% of this tumor, in which it was mainly expressed in cholangiocellular tumor area and in hepatocellular areas of five cases. AB/PAS stain for mucin was positive in cholangiocellular tumor regions of all the tumors. Conclusions Diagnosis of mixed hepatocarcinoma should be made mainly based on combined analysis of the data from pathological features, immunohistochemical phenotypes and histochemical stain for mucinous material.

Objective To study the operative technique and operative field exposure of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS). Methods The clinical data of 11 cases including 1 case of cirrhosis with splenosis and 10 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy since June 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Results 9 cases of LS were successfully performed. 6 cases took dorsal desubitus position, whose mean operative time was 3.5 hours and mean blood loss was 200ml. The operative time of the case who took right lateral desubitus position was 4 hours and the blood loss was 80ml. 2 cases took right inclined lateral desubitus position, and the operative time was 2.5 hours and 3.0 hours and the blood loss all was 100ml. 1 ITP patient of the 9 cases underwent novo-laparotomy in 6 hours after LS because of intraabdominal hemorrhage. 2 ITP cases required conversion into open splenectomy. Conclusions Satisfactory exposure and dissection of peri-splenic ligaments and constitution as well as successful control of splenic pedicel are the

Objective To test the reliability of the Chinese version of tridimensional personality questionnaire(TPQ) and to explore three-dimentional personality characteristics of heroin dependence. Methods Personality characteristics of 358 heroin dependers,114 male smoker and 200 normal controls were investigated using the TPQ. 78 heroin depender were examined 10 days later to test the reliability of TPQ.Results (1) Retest reliabilities of the three higher-order dimensions of the novelty seeking(NS),reward dependence(RD) and harm avoidance(HA) were all good( r =0.87,P <0.01;r =0.84,P <0.01,r =0.64,P <0.01).The dimension's Alpha split of NS or HA were 0.72 and 0.71,respectively. While RD's Alpha split was just 0.29. (2) NS was higher but not significantly in the heroin-dependenc group than normal controls(P =0.09),but the former had significantly higher HA and lower RD [(15.25±5.95) vs (13.22±6.27),t =13.65,P <0.01;(17.08±3.28) vs(18.29±3.83),t =15.07,P <0.01]. (3)There were significantly sex differences in all the three higher-order dimensions of TPQ in the heroin-dependence group( P <0.01). Male heroin dependers had significantly higher NS ,higher HA and lower RD than male controls[(16.99±4.76) vs(15.29±4.60), P =0.002;(14.46±6.01) vs (12.31±6.00),P =0.002],and male heroin dependers had significantly higher NS,lower RD than male smokers( P <0.001).Compared with female controls,female heroin dependers only had significantly higher HA.Conclusion Reliability of the TPQ is good. Sex difference in personality characteristics of heroin depender exits. Male heroin depender have high NS,high HA,and low RD,which can provide scientific data for early intervention of heroin dependence.

Objective To investigate the value of partial hepatectomy in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinama( HCC). Methods In this report, 42 patients with hilar cholangiocacinoma treated surgically were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 42 patients, 34 cases (81%) underwent surgical resection. In these 34 cases, 15 cases were treated by local resection, 8 cases by a combination of right lobectomy, 3 cases by left lobectomy, 4 cases by left lobectomy and caudate lobectomy, 1 case by left lateral lobectomy and caudate lobectomy, 3 cases by quadrate lobectomy. Curative resection was performed in 25 patients. The median survival rate in patients with curative resection was 28 months, while that with palliative operation was 14 months. The 1-, 2-, and 4-year survival rates of curative resection were 90% , 73% , and 28% , respectively. The 1-, and 2-year survival rates of palliative operation were 57% , and 27%. Conclusion Survival rates in patients with curative resection were better than that of palliative operation. Radical resection in many cases demands a combined liver resection.

Objective To understand the awareness rate of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control among residents in Beijing, so as to provide basis for giving publicity on knowledge of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control.Methods Residents in Beijing were randomly selected for questionnaire survey, the main content of questionnaire included The 2006 national survey on knowledge, attitudes and practice about tuberculosis prevention and control, the core knowledge of pulmonary TB prevention and control, as well as the related symptoms of suspected tuberculosis were also included.Results A total of 520 questionnaires were collected, 503 of which were qualified, the effective rate was 96.73%.Among respondents, the total awareness rate of five core knowledge about pulmonary TB prevention and control was 40.87%, 78.93% of the respondents knew that pulmonary TB was a chronic respiratory infectious disease which could seriously damage people's health,48.51% knew that the majority of patients with pulmonary TB could be cured as long as they persisted in correct treatment, only 19.68% knew that examination and treatment of pulmonary TB in the county (district) level TB control institutions could enjoyed national free policy.Nearly 53.48% of respondents knew 4 or more suspected pulmonary TB symptoms, only 7.36% of respondents could recognize all eight symptoms of pulmonary TB.Conclusion Residents in Beijing have low awareness of pulmonary TB prevention and control knowledge.If patients in the early stage of pulmonary TB can not identify symptoms, it is not only delay treatment and increase the spread of tuberculosis, but also induce the transmission of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, so produce more challenges to pulmonary TB prevention and control.