Based on the questionnaire-based survey done on 115 master graduates in Kunming Medical College concerning medical immunology course,this paper analyzes existing problems and proposes suggestions for improving classroom teaching.

Objective To investigate the antidepressant effect of DS-1226, a hydrolysate of ginsenosides, on a mouse model of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption, and provide scientific evidence for the research and de?velopment of antidepressant drugs. Methods 72 male ICR mice were divided into control group, model group, positive control group (paroxetine hydrochloride, 10 mg/kg) and 3 treatment groups (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg of DS?1226). Except the control group, the other mice were put into a rotary roller (parameter settings:1 min/rev;rest 2 min af?ter 1 rev) for 3 days of drum adaptation, 3 h/d. Then making model for 14 days in the roller( parameter settings:1 min/rev;rest 2 min after 1 rev) . The antidepressant effects of DS?1226 were evaluated by weight monitoring, open?field test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test. Results After 14 d sleep disturbance, compared with the control group,the body weight, immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test were significantly decreased in the model group. Compared with the model group, DS?1226(40 mg/kg)significantly reversed the weight loss caused by sleep disturb?ance. Paroxetine significantly reduced the immobility time of tail suspension test. DS?1226 (40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg)signifi?cantly decreased the immobility time of tail suspension test, and DS?1226 (80 mg/kg) significantly decreased the immobil?ity time of forced swimming test. Conclusion The hydrolysate of ginsenosides DS?1226 shows antidepressant effect on mouse model of depression induced by chronic sleep interruption.

To achieve better results of the goal of training students' abilities in medical education,formative assessment has been implemented in medical immunology teaching for grade 2014 clinical medicine students.The evaluation indexes of medical immunology teaching have been constructed.Formative assessment has been implemented in classroom teaching,self-learning and group discussion,experimental teaching and network exams by following the principles of feedback,guidance and encouragement.Compared with summative assessment,formative assessment can dynamically reflect the learning progress of immunology and improve the learning effect.The deficiencies andpuzzlesin implementing the formative assessment have also been rethought and discussed deeply.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of survival of patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 66 patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression models were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of survival of all patients with airway stenosis and those with early airway stenosis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival and delineate the survival curve. Results For 66 patients with airway stenosis, the median airway stenosis-free time was 72 (52,102) d, 27% (18/66) for central airway stenosis and 73% (48/66) for distal airway stenosis. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time [hazard ratio (HR) 1.037, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.070, P=0.024] and type of surgery (HR 0.400, 95%CI 0.177-0.903, P=0.027) were correlated with the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The longer the postoperative mechanical ventilation time, the higher the risk of mortality of the recipients. The overall survival of airway stenosis recipients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation was better than that of their counterparts after single lung transplantation. Subgroup analysis showed that grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (HR 4.577, 95%CI 1.439-14.555, P=0.010) and immunosuppressive drugs (HR 0.079, 95%CI 0.022-0.287, P<0.001) were associated with the survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation without grade 3 PGD was better compared with that of those with grade 3 PGD. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation treated with tacrolimus was superior to that of their counterparts treated with cyclosporine. Conclusions Long postoperative mechanical ventilation time, single lung transplantation, grade 3 PGD and use of cyclosporine may affect the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation.