OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin sodium in rabbits METHODS:The serum concentrations of phenytoin sodium at different points of time were determined by UV-spectrophotometry in eight rabbits after administration of phenytoin sodium(10mg/kg)alone and in combination with ethanol RESULTS:After administration in combination with ethanol,the AUC of phenytoin sodium was significantly decreased from(4 108 64?1 039 98)mg/(min L) to (1 903 65?1 003 40)mg/(min L),Cmax from(29 0?2 94)mg/L to(16 0?5 9)mg/L,T1/2(ke) from(98 45?26 4)min to(82 84?25 5)min;but the apparent distribution volume(Vd)was obviously increased from(0 3 475?0 0 360)L/kg to(0 6 819?0 1 901)L/kg and the clearance rate(CL) from(0 0 026?0 0 008)ml/(kg?min)to(0 0 062?0 0 022)ml/(kg?min) CONCLUSION:The elimination of phenytoin sodium was significantly accelerated after simultaneous administration of ethanol in rabbits

Objective To analyze the correlationship of ACE I/D gene polymerphisms with the anti-hypertensive efficacy of irbesartan among essential hypertension (EH) patients in Yunnan han people.Methods One hundred EH patients hypertension were treated with irbesartan 150mg once daily for 4 weeks,and anti-hypertensive efficacy were monitored during the treatment.Results There was a significant difference between anti-hypertensive efficacy of irbesartan among different genotype groups,DD group ＞ID group ＞Ⅱ group (P ＜ 0.05) Conclusions There is different therapy responsiveness in diffenent genotypes.ACE I/D polymorphism may be an important hereditary factor that impacts the efficacy of irbesartan.

OBJECTIVETo establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower limb bones, and investigate the changes of the contact characteristics of the subtalar joint after using laterally wedge insole intervention.

METHODSUsing the reverse modeling technology, the lower limb bones of normal adult volunteers was scanned by CT. Mimics 10.0 and Geomagic Studio 6.0 software were used to reconstruct the 3D morphology of bones and external soft tissue of the feet. The laterally wedge insole was designed in ProE 5.0. And then all the models were imported into Hyperwork 10.0 and meshed, and given the material properties. The finite element analysis was carried out in ABAQUS 6.9.

RESULTSA three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was established, which was consisted of 95 365 nodes and 246 238 elements. The contact area of the standing state of the lower joint was larger than that of the anterior middle joint surface. The peak stress was concentrated in the anterior lateral part of the posterior articular surface, and the average stress value was(3.85±1.03) MPa. Compared with the model of 0°, the contact area of the subtalar joint was reduced accordingly. There was a significant correlation between anterior middle joint ||=0.964,=0.008, and posterior articular ||=0.978,=0.002. The equivalent stress of 0° model distributed from(3.07±1.14) MPa to(3.85± 1.03) MPa, which had no statistically difference. Compared with the 0° model, the equivalent stress of the anterior and middle joint surfaces of the 8° model was significantly reduced(<0.05), but the peak stress of the posterior articular surface was significantly increased(<0.05). In the 12° model, the peak stress was sharply increased to(10.51±3.53) MPa. Compared with 8° model, there was no statistically difference(<0.05). Although the peak stress was slightly increased in 16° model, but compared with 12° model, there was no statistically differences(>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAlthough a certain valgus can be obtained in subtalar by wearing LWI, the result comes at the cost of the stress concentration on posterior surface. Through this study, we can find that LWI with 8° tilt angle could provide appropriate valgus moment without causing excessive concentration. Therefore, in order to avoid secondary ankle complications, we should not increase the tilt angle blindly.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of the number and position of anchor nails on the Bankart repair by the finite element analysis. METHODS: The 3D CT data of shoulder joints including normal adult volunteers were imported into Mimics 10.0 and Geomagic 2012 software to reconstruct the related tissues, and then meshed in Hypermesh 13.0 software to give material attributes. The position and number of MPC constraints were adjusted in Abaqus 6.14 to establish finite element model of shoulder joint under 6 working conditions including A model(normal control model), B model (Bankart damage control model), C model (1 anchor), D model (2 anchors), E model (3 anchors), F model (4 anchors). The humerus external rotation and forward load were added to simulate the fear test of the shoulder joint forward instability. RESULTS: (1)Normally, the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex accompanied by the external rotation of the humerus head has a wrinkle and a significant stress concentration around its anterior and posterior bundle terminations.(2)The stress of the anterior bundle and posterior bundle of the inferior glenohumeral ligament were increased by 52.33% and 45.67% respectively after Bankart's injury.(3)In each model of anchor repair, the stress concentration was obvious at the anchor site, and the stress of anterior and posterior bundle ligaments could be reduced; there were no obvious differences between C, D models and B model(>0.05), and there were significant differences between E, F models and B model(<0.05). CONCLUSIONS One or two anchors can reduce the stress of the anterior and posterior bundles of the inferior glenohumeral ligament in the repair of Bankart's injury, but when the angle of rotation is large, the stress concentration in the anchor position increases significantly, leading to the increases of the risk of failure. The application of three or four anchors can enhance the constraints on the inferior glenohumeral ligament and reduce the stress of the anchor itself through the "load sharing" effect between anchors, so as to ensure the stability of the shoulder joint and provide a mechanical environment for the early rehabilitation of patients.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cadaver ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Shoulder Dislocation ; Shoulder Joint

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Chaiyin Granules compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the treatment of influenza(exogenous wind-heat syndrome). Based on a randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel control clinical trial, this study evaluated the pharmacoeconomics of Chaiyin Granules with cost-effectiveness analysis method. A total of 116 patients with influenza from eight hospitals(grade Ⅱ level A above) in 6 cities were selected in this study, including 78 cases in the experimental group with Chaiyin Granules and Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules placebo, and 38 cases in the control group with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules and Chaiyin Granules placebo. The total cost of this study included direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost. The remission time of clinical symptoms, cure time/cure rate, antipyretic onset time/complete antipyretic time, viral nucleic acid negative rate, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome curative effect were selected as the effect indicators for cost-effectiveness analysis. Four-quadrant diagram was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The results showed that Chaiyin Granules were not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the remission time of clinical symptoms of influenza(3.1 d vs 2.9 d, P=0.360, non-inferiority margin was 0.5 d). Compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules, Chaiyin Granules would delay the remission time of clinic symptoms of influenza for 1 d, but could save 213.9 yuan. 1 d delay in cure time could save 149.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the cure rate could save 8.2 yuan; 1 d delay in antipyretic onset time could save 295.4 yuan; 1 d delay in complete antipyretic time could save 114.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the 5-day cure rate of TCM syndrome could save 19.2 yuan. Different from other indicators, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the effect of negative conversion rate of viral nucleic acid, but the cost was lower and the effect was superior, and the pharmacoeconomics was not different from that of Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the field of influenza treatment.
Humans ; Antipyretics/therapeutic use* ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; Influenza, Human/drug therapy* ; Nucleic Acids/therapeutic use* ; Oseltamivir/therapeutic use* ; Phosphates/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Double-Blind Method