Objective To explore characteristics and risk factors for surgical site infection(SSI)in patients in the department of neurosurgery,so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of SSI.Methods Clinical data of patients who were admitted to a department of neurosurgery from January to December 2015 were collected with retrospective survey method,SSI and risk factors in patients were analyzed.Results Among 715 patients un-dergoing neurosurgery,40(5.59% )had SSI. SSI mainly occurred in patients following cerebral vascular surgery, accounting for 7 .69% ,followed by patients following intracranial tumor surgery(5 .94% ). 40 patients were all with organ space/intracranial infection. Difference in SSI in patients with different types of operation,duration of opera-tion,length of hospital stay,and National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS)scores were all significant(all P<0.05).Conclusion Incidence of SSI in patients in the department of neurosurgery are related with operation type,duration of operation,length of hospital stay,and operation risk index,preventive measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of SSI.

Objective To understand the status of implementation of invasive ventilator circuit changes in ICU nurses at the 3A general hospitals in Shanxi Province, and mastering and demand of related knowledge of ICU nurses, and by this discuss the possible causes of execution inconsistency in invasive ventilator circuit changes interval so as to provide a clear basis for the specification and circuit changes. Methods After a review of relevant literature at home and abroad as well as expert consultation, a self-designed questionnaire was established, take two ways of on-site issuance and mailing, ICU nurses from 13 hospitals were selected randomly to investigate about the invasive circuit changes interval in Shanxi Province. Results A total of 724 nurses from 34 ICU of 13 hospitals were surveyed. A unified circuit changes interval of ICU accounted for 73.5% (527/717). ICU nurses currently provisions and practical implementation of invasive ventilator circuit changes interval tend to 7 d. Different ICU provisions and ICU nurses actual implementation of circuit change were significantly different (χ2=24.839, 35.760, P < 0.01). Conclusions Hospitals should choose the right way to strengthen the ICU nurses invasive ventilator circuit changes training interval and knowledge, to develop the term for their own security environment, thereby reduce the workload of nurses, reduce medical costs and improve care service quality.

Objective To construct the risk model for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)with multidrug-re-sistant organisms(MDROs)in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods 836 patients who were admitted to ICU for more than 48 hours between October 2012 and September 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,logistic regression model of HAI was constructed,the model was conducted goodness of fit tests and the area under ROC curve analysis. Results Among 836 patients,incidence of HAI with MDROs was 14.23%(n=119).15 variables that were statis-tically significant in univariate analysis were included in logistic multivariate analysis,the results showed that the following variables entered into logistic regression equation:length of ICU stay (OR,2.493 [95%CI ,1 .816 -3.494]),underlying diseases (OR,1 .536 [95%CI ,1 .243 - 1 .898 ]),hypoproteinemia (OR,87.211 [95%CI , 36.165-210.304]),ventilator days (OR,1 .723 [95%CI ,1 .399-2.121 ]),fever(OR,20.639 [95%CI ,3.462 -123.043]),and primary pulmonary infection (OR,0.295 [95%CI ,0.133 -0.664]).Evaluation of model effect:sensitivity 95%,specificity 87.9%,the area under ROC curve 0.973.Conclusion Logistic regression model has a high goodness of fit in predicting HAI among ICU patients.

Lack of patient safety education and training are the hidden trouble of medical adverse events, so improving medical students′awareness, knowledge and skills in patient′s safety can protect patient′s safety and improve the quality of health care from the source. In order to provide a reference for Chinese scholars, this paper describes the current status of worldwide patient′s safety education development among medical students,and puts forward the challenges and prospects of patient′s safety education in medical students.

This paper reviews the generation and development process, access conditions, certification and recertification system of infection control nurses at home and abroad, and combines the national conditions and the current situation of specialist nurse training in China, and puts forward the prospect of the construction of certification bases, certification and recertification system settings and the construction of multi-track training models for infection control nurses in China in the future, so as to provide reference for the construction of the certification and recertification system of infection control nurses in China, in order to promote the development and improvement of the certification model of infection control nurses in China.

Objective To explore the transformation trend of patients education model in the information by investigating the implementation of patient health education by nurses in the municipal hospital. Methods A total of 820 nurses in four municipal hospitals in Taiyuan were recruited and investigated by a self-designed questionnaire. Results 70% of patients′ health education contents focused on knowledge and information directly related to the disease, and the relatively neglected patient self-management skills training and social assistance;44. 2% surgical nurses and 31. 4% internal medicine nurses thought they were not good at patient education, mainly manifested in the lack of depth and breadth of knowledge, and surgical nurse ratio were higher than internal department nurses (χ2 =16. 160,P <0. 05). Conclusions Patients′ education of Taiyuan Municipal Hospital were still traditional education models of paper-based materials and face to face. Although this model can reduce the distance between nurses and patients, it relatively limits education content, and there are more influencing factors. Patients′ education mode should conform to the development of the times, on the basis of the advantages of traditional health education, make full use of network resources in order to make patients′education to be more perfect.

Objective? To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice status of tuberculosis(TB) infection prevention and control among nurses from Outpatient and Emergency Departments of Class Ⅲ general hospitals, analyze the influencing factors and the relationship among them, andprovide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling TB scientifically. Methods? Totally 491 nurses from 8 ClassⅢ general hospitals in 4 cities of Shanxi Province were selected as the subjects by cluster sampling from February to March 2019, and a self-designed Questionnaire on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Among Nurses in Outpatient and Emergency Departments of Tertiary General Hospitals was used to conduct the survey. Results? The scores of knowledge, attitude,practice dimensions of Outpatient and Emergency nurses in Class Ⅲ general hospitals were (60.13±6.848), (86.73±7.453), and (101.47±13.394) respectively. There was statistical difference between the TB prevention and control knowledge scores of nurses who were hospital infection monitor nurse or not and who had received different times of training about TB prevention and control within the recent 3 years (P＜ 0.05); there was statistical difference between the TB prevention and control attitude scores of nurses with different genders, departments, working length, number of training received about TB prevention and control within the recent 3 years (P＜0.05); there was statistical difference between the TB prevention and control practice scores of nurses with different genders, departments, working length, human resource status, number of training received about TB prevention and control within the recent 3 years (P＜0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between knowledge ,attitude and practice (r= - 0.181, - 0.367,P＜ 0.01).There was a positive correlation between attitude and behavior (r=0.276, P＜0.01). Conclusions? Nurses in Class Ⅲ general hospitals have poor knowledge of TB prevention and control, and need to be improved urgently. Their attitude and practice level are good. Hospitals should take measures to raise their awareness, promote positive attitudes and standardize TB prevention and control behavior.

Objective:To construct a training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals, providing reference for the selection, training, management, and evaluation of psychological specialist nurses.Methods:From November 2022 to April 2023, a preliminary draft of the training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals was developed through literature review and semi-structured interviews. From May to July 2023, the Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations with 29 experts from seven provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, including Shanxi, Beijing and Anhui, etc. Based on expert opinions, the final training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals was formed. The enthusiasm of experts was expressed by the questionnaire response rate, the degree of authority was expressed by the expert authority coefficient, and the degree of coordination of expert opinions was expressed by Kendall's coordination coefficient.Results:In two rounds of expert consultations, the questionnaire response rate was 100.00% (29/29) for both rounds, and the expert authority coefficients were 0.884 and 0.916, and Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.085-0.203 and 0.084-0.228 (all P<0.05). The final training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals included five primary indicators of training objectives, training content, training methods, training process, and training evaluation, 22 secondary indicators, and 92 tertiary indicators. Conclusions:The training model for non-psychiatric psychological specialist nurses in general hospitals constructed is scientific and practical, and has guiding significance for the selection, training, assessment and evaluation of psychological specialist nurses in China.