Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological features of postmenopausal women with thickening endometrial. Methods Totally 187 patients with postmenopausal endometrial thickening by transvaginal B-ultrasound were divided into symptomatic group (n=104)and asymptomatic group (n=83).Their body mass index,age of menarche and menopause,history of menstruation and reproductive,application of estrogen,and hypertension and diabetes were collected.All the patients underwent hysteroscopy and biopsy procedures. Results There was no difference between two groups in body mass index [ (24.3 ± 3.2) kg/m2 vs.(23.3 ± 2.6) kg/m2,t =3.79,P =0.052]. The postmenopausal time of symptomatic patients in the group was shorter than the asymptomatic [ ( 14.6 ± 2.4) years vs.( 16.5 ± 2.9 ) years,t =4.12,P =0.039].The patients in the asymptomatic group were older than the patients in the symptomatic group [(68.1 ±4.8) years vs.(66.1± 5.5) years,F=3.89,P =0.046].The average endometrial thickness of patients in the asymptomatic group showed no difference compared with patients in the symptomatic group [(7.2 ±1.4) mm vs. (7.8 ± 2.0) mm,F=3.21,P=0.065]. There were 5 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,38 cases of endometrial polyp,25 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,14 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the asymptomatic group;while 8 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma,1 case of endometrial stromal sarcoma,4 cases of endometrial serous papillary carcinoma,5 cases of endometrial atypical hyperplasia,47 cases of endometrial polyps,21 cases of submucosal hysteromyoma,2 cases of uterine empyema,8 cases of chronic inflammation of the endometrium, 8 cases of proliferative phase endometrium in the symptomatic group,respectively. Conclusions Most of endometrial thickness in postmenopausal women are benign lesions, mainly including endometrial polyps and submucous myoma, but endometrial cancer accounts for a certain percentage. Hysteroscopy is minimally invasive,safe and with specificity for the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial lesions.

Objective To investigate the factors of hospitalization expense in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing non-emergency surgery.Methods A retrospective study included diabetic (109 cases) and control (162 cases) groups.Hospitalization expense and other observation indices were compared between two groups and subgroups.The factors that contribute to hospitalization expense were analyzed with multifactor regression analysis model.Results The median hospitalization expense was 12 014.74 yuan in the diabetic group,1.24 times than that in the control group (P =0.001).Diabetic group has higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification,longer wound healing time,higher postoperative infection rate,and longer hospital stay (P ＜ 0.01).Multifactor analysis revealed that the significant factors that influence the hospitalization expense were ASA classification (β =0.442,P =0.000),postoperative fasting plasma glucose (β =0.204,P =0.020),and postoperative infection (β =0.204,P =0.019).No significant difference was found in postoperative infection rate and hospitalization expense between two groups,when patients had received minimally invasive surgeries (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Type 2 diabetes patients have higher hospitalization expense;ASA classification,postoperative fasting plasma glucose,and postoperative infection are the main influence factors.Giving priority to minimally invasive surgeries and enhancing perioperative glucose control can help to reduce hospitalization expense in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE Toestablisharecombinantcelllinethatcanstablyexpressratpurinergic P2receptorP2X4(rP2X4R).METHODS ToconstructgreenfluorescentproteinandrP2X4recombinant plasmid (pEGFP-N1-rP2X4),lipofectamine was used to transfect pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 into human embry-onic kidney (HEK293)cells that were screened with G41 8 (1 g·L-1 ).The quantitative expression of rP2X4 receptor was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.Whole-cell patch clamp record-ing was used to investigate the function of the stably expressed rP2X4 receptor. RESULTS The sequence of plasmid pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 was verified by PubMed Blastn comparison.qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the expression of rP2X4 receptor in HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell lines remained stable after 25 generations (P1 ,P3,P5,P10,P15,P20 and P25).Whole-cell patch clamp recording experiments showed that the rP2X4 receptor agonist,purine-5′-triphosphate (ATP,3.0 μmol·L-1 ),could activate rP2X4 receptors in HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell lines.Specific activating current could be blocked by non-selective rP2X4 receptor antagonist TNP-ATP (30.0μmol·L-1).CONCLUSION rP2X4receptorisstablyexpressedinHEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4cell line and maintains stable expression and function within 25 continuous generations.The establish ment of HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell line can contribute to further investigations of the roles of rP2X4 receptors in neuropathic pain.

Objective To study the flow fields of electrolysis oxygen generation with micro-flow-channels of small square cylinders and the key structure factors impacting on the uniform distribution of the water flow in the micro-flow-channels.Methods The low Renault k-? model was used to represent the characteristics of the flow field in the micro-flow-channels.And the simulation results of the flow fields by CFD were calibrated by comparing with that of the particle image velocimetry(PIV) experiments,which showed that the low Renault k-? model was suitable to describe the flow field of the micro-flow-channels.Results The flow fields of variable flow were obtained.Conclusion The flow fields of variable flow rates distribute non-uniformly.The velocity magnitude is 10-3m/s,and the inlet structure of the electrolysis oxygen generation is a key factor impacting on the uniform distribution of the water flow.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have demonstrated that transplanted neural stem cells can survive and proliferate in the brain of Alzheimer disease(AD)rats,however,it is poorly understood whether it can rebuild the nerve tracts by substituting the injured or dead neurons and improve learning and memory abilities.Synaptophysin is one of the important markers of synaptic rebuilding.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of neural stem cell transplantation on synaptophysin expression in hippocampus and learning and memory abilities of AD rats.METHODS:Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control,AD model,2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups.All rats were established AD models except that in the normal control group.Neural stem cells were isolated from the dentate gyrus of hippocampus of newborn rats,labeled with Hoechst33258,and then transplanted into CA1 region of hippocampus of rats in the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups.The behavioral testing in the rats was performed using Y-maze trial.Nissl staining and synaptophysin immunohistochemistry were detected after the rats were sacrificed.The same volume of stroke-physiological saline solution was injected into rats in the AD models group using the identical methods.There was no treatment in the normal control group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:①The cells number in the hippocampal CA1 region of the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation groups were increased than that of AD model group,but were still less than that of the normal control group(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significantly difference between the absorbance values of 2-or 4-week-transplantation group and control group(P ＞ 0.05).②The absorbance values of the 2-week-transplantation and 4-week-transplantation were significantly greater than that of the control and AD model groups(P ＜ 0.05).③The learning and memory abilities in 2-and 4-week-transplantation group enhanced obviously and their correct reaction rates improved evidently,which was found statistically significant difference from AD model group(P ＜ 0.05),while no statistically significant difference from control group(P ＞ 0.05).The transplanted neural stem cells may promote the synaptic rebuilding and improve learning and memory abilities in AD rats.

BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a kind of adult stem cells, possess plasticity and can be induced into myocardial cells under certain conditions. Autologous ADSCs transplanted into the infarct area can differentiate into myocardial cells and vascular endothelial cells to construct new vessels and thereby improve cardiac pump function. OBJECTIVE: To study the factors that influence ADSCs differentiation and transplantation and the current clinical and laboratory research progress of ADSCs transplantation for treatment of cardiomyopathy.METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed in Medline (between January 1990 and April 2010), PubMed database, the China Biological Medicine Database (CBM) (between January 1990 and April 2010), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) with the keywords adipose-derived stem cells, myocardial cells, cell differentiation, cell transplantation, cardiomyopathy treatment.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 30 articles, consisting of 6 reviews and 24 randomized controlled trials, were obtained. At present, there have been uniform methods of ADSCs isolation and culture, and ADSCs can be effectively proliferated in vitro, but there have been no direct methods to identify these stem cells. ADSCs differentiation can be induced both in vitro and in vivo, besides, with a characteristic of early differentiation. ADSCs transplantation is a more conductive therapy for myocardial disease compared with bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation. Different ADSCs transplantation methods should be carried out in different types of cardiomyopathy. Stem cell labeling technique can help to dynamically monitor implanted in vivo. Transplantion of autologous ADSCs is a new way to treating cardiomyopathy. However, for successes in clinical practice, the method to inhibit tumor cells-promoting characteristics is needed to ensure long-term safety of the patients receiving ADSCs transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To understand the bacterial spectrum distribution of sputum among the lung infection patients in our hospital and their resistance mechanisms for the reasonable clinical application of antibiotics to effectively prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections. METHODS The pathogens isolated from the sputum of patients were identified with pathogen micro-biochemical identification code and the commonly used antibiotics were detected by drug sensitivity tests. RESULTS From 415 samples of the sputum,537 strains were detected out,from them Gram-positive cocci accounted for 70.8%,Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 28.1%,and Candida albicans accounted for 1.1%;MRSA was in 18 strains and ESBLs 6 strains. CONCLUSIONS It is important to sputum culturing for lung infection patients and determining the pathogen species and in their drug susceptibility results,the in order to rationally use the antibiotics and enhance the effectiveness of treatment.

Objective: To study therapeutic effect of personalized aerobic exercise based on exercise load test assessment on heart function and psychological state in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: According to random number table, a total of 80 AMI patients during recovery period were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group (n=40, received routine drug therapy) and exercise group (n=40, received personalized aerobic exercise based on exercise load test assessment on the basis of routine treatment group). Serum levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), ventricular wall thickening rate (△T), motion amplitude of interventricular septum (AIS), and scores of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were compared between two groups before and after 12-week intervention. Results: Compared with before intervention, there were significant reductions in serum levels of hs-cTnI and CK-MB, and scores of SAS and SDS; and significant rise in LVEF, SV, LVFS, △T and AIS in both groups after 12-week intervention (except LVEF of routine treatment group), P<0.05 or <0.01; compared with routine treatment group, there were significant reductions in serum levels of hs-cTnI [(9.31±1.04) ng/L vs. (5.89±0.72) ng/L] and CK-MB [(11.34±1.25) U/L vs. (8.41±1.01) U/L],in scores of SAS [(51.34±6.54) scores vs. (42.32±5.29) scores] and SDS [(50.23±6.92) scores vs. (43.86±6.03) scores];and significant rise in LVEF [(57.12±6.67)% vs. (62.32±7.34)%], SV [(62.45±7.13) ml vs. (69.18±7.84) ml], LVFS [(23.93±2.96)% vs. (28.45±3.12)%], △T [(28.51±3.41)% vs. (34.52±4.87)%] and AIS [(9.56±1.02) mm vs. (12.45±1.46) mm] in exercise group, P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion: Personalized aerobic exercise based on exercise load test assessment can reduce myocardial cell injury, improve cardiac function, relieve negative emotions and promote patients’ rehabilitation rapidly.

Objective To analyze the characteristics and the related risk factors of the contractility of pelvic floor muscles in old women with pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD).Methods A cohort of 125 elderly patients with symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction,including 60 of postpartum urinary incontinence(SUI)and 65 of pelvic organ prolapse(POP),were recruited.60 women volunteers with normal pelvic floor function were recruited as a control group.A questionnaire survey was conducted to record the general situation of the subjects.The pelvic floor muscle strength was determined by the methods of electromyography and pressure feedback recording.Results The body mass index,the average number of delivery,newborn baby's body weight were significantly higher in the SUI and POP group than in control group,with statistically significant difference(F=5.29,6.27,5.26,P=0.007,0.003,0.008),but without statistically significant difference between SUI and POP groups (P =0.674,0.554,0.578).The rapid contractility value was significant lower in SUI group than in POP and control groups(all P＜0.01),and the sustained contractility value was significant lower in POP group than in SUI and control groups(all P＜0.01).Conclusions The postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction may be correlated with BMI,vaginal delivery rate,the average number of delivery,newborn baby's body weight and a history of increased abdominal pressure.The postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction may be associated with the declined contractility of pelvic floor muscle,among which the POP may be associated with class Ⅰ muscle and the SUI with class Ⅱ muscle.

Objective To observe the role of resting metabolic rate (RMR) in evaluation of animal model of glucocorticoid-induced Kidney Yin deficiency and Kidney Yang deficiency syndrome.Methods Male BALB/c mice were divided into control group,model group,Jinkuishenqi pill group,and Zhibaidihuang pill group.The later 3 groups were given drinking water containing corticosterone (first dissolved in 1% ethanol,with a final concentration of corticosterone 100 μg/mL).The control group was given drinking water containing 1% ethanol.RMR was measured by closed fluid pressure respirometer.At the end of the experiment,the mice were sacrificed to detect the weight index of perirenal fat,epididymal fat,quadriceps,and tibialis anterior muscle.ELISA assay was used to detect the level of serum hormones.Histological changes of the liver and kidney were examined by HE staining.Malondialdehyde (MDA) content,succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity,cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and ATP level were measured.Results Compared with the control group,the RMR of model group was significantly increased at the 2nd day of beginning of the experiment,reached the highest on the 4th day (P<0.01),then decreased gradually,and to the 66th day,the RMR was significantly reduced (P<0.05).Use of corticosterone resulted in decrease of the serum levels of thyroxine (T4),muscle mass index,SDH activity,COX activity and ATP level,while increase of fat mass index and MDA level.The two Kidney nourishing prescriptions reduced animal mortality,and reduced the content of MDA in liver tissue.But only Jinkuishenqi pill increased the RMR at the 4th and 66th days (P<0.05),and significantly improved the liver SDH activity,COX activity and ATP level (P<0.01).The Zhibaidihuang pill showed no such effects.Conclusions RMR can be used for evaluation of animal model of Kidney Yin or Kidney Yang deficiency induced by glucocorticoids.