Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a kind of technique that uses fluoreseently la-beled DNA probes to assess cells for genetic alterations. UroVysion is a technique that uses FISH to detect bladder cancer in the voided urine by four fluorescently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 ( CEP3 ) ,7 (CEPT), and 17 (CEP17) and to the 9p21 locus ( LSI 9p21 ) location of the p16 tumor suppressor gene. It is reported that sensitivity of FISH was higher than cytology for the detection of all stages and grades of bladder cancer. FDA has approved UroVysion for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine specimens from patients with a history of bladder cancer in the year 2001 and from pa-tients with gross or microscopic hematuria but no previous history of bladder cancer in the year 2005. Fur-thermore, UroVysion can benefit the assessment of bladder cancer patients receiving BCG treatment.

Objective To investigate expression of elastin,lysyl oxidase (LOX)and elafin in cardinal ligament of women with pelvic organ prolapse(POP) so as to determine their contributions to POP.Methods The cardinal ligament samples were obtained from 60 POP subjects and 60 non-POP control women undergoing hysterectomy.RT-PCR was used to verify the mRNA level of elastin,LOX and elafin.The protein concentration of the three genes was determined by western blotting technique,electrophoretic separation and quantification.Results The premenopansal and postmenopausal POP groups demonstrated significantly decreased expressions of elastin in cardinal ligament both in mRNA and protein levels than control group (mRNA 0.42±0.22,0.26±0.20 versus 0.79±0.30,0.63±0.23 ; protein 0.44±0.32,0.20±0.19 versus 0.89±0.27,0.78±0.25; P＜0.05).There was an identical tendency in the expression of LOX (mRNA 0.37±0.18,0.20±0.14 versus 0.65±0.22,0.53±0.20; protein 0.45±0.27,0.26±0.21 versus 0.85±0.39,0.69±0.31 ; P＜0.05).In POP group,the mRNA and protein levels of elastin and LOX in postmenopansal patients were significantly lower than premenopansal patients (P＜0.05).Inversely,POP group demonstrated an increased expression of elafin in cardinal ligament both in mRNA and protein levels than corresponding control group (mRNA 1.33±0.35,1.47±0.37 versus 0.62±0.25,0.55±0.24; protein 0.85±0.30,0.76±0.35 versus 0.21±0.15,0.29±0.22; P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of elafin between premenopansal and postmenopausal POP groups either in mRNA or protein levels(P＞0.05).There was a positive correlation between elastin and LOX both in mRNA and protein levels in POP group(r=0.9959,0.9708; P＜0.05),but there was no correlation between elastin and elafin(r=-0.0402,-0.0365;P＞0.05).Conclusions The results suggest that the decreased expression of elastin and LOX and the increased expression of elafin in the cardinal ligaments may contribute to POP.

Objective To investigate the effects of irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide combined with candesartan cilexetil in the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension and its protective effect on cardiac function.Methods 180 elderly patients with hypertension were selected,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table,90 cases in each group.The observation group was given irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide combined with candesartan treatment,the control group was given candesartan.The heart function improvement after treatment,clinical efficacy and patients in hospitalization,complications,critical events and new death of the two groups were compared.Results After treatment,the heart rate,EVDD,SBP and other indicators of the two groups declined,which of the observation group[(56.14 ± 6.15)mm,(112.12 ± 20.12)mmHg,(70.45 ± 8.69/min)]were lower than the control group[(60.12 ± 6.78) mm(119.45 ± 21.45) mmHg,(82.12 ± 9.12/ min)],there were significant differences between the two groups (t1 =4.124,P =0.000;t2 =2.364,P =0.019;t3 =8.788,P =0.000).The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.33％,which was higher than 74.44％ of the control group,there was significant difference between the two groups (x2 =11.879,P =0.000).Conclusion Irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide combined with candesartan in the treatment of elderly hypertensive patients can effectively improve the heart function of patients,has significant effect.

Objective To investigate the relationship between physical exercise and peak bone density.Methods Bone mineral density(BMD) was measured in 193 healthy subjects aged from 20~35 years old (87 males and 106 females) at lumbar vertebra,femoral neck ,Word’s region and greater luberosity.Exercise levels including three states of high,middle and low of them were investigated.The relationship between exercise and peak bone density was analysed.Results In male,the BMD at lumbar vertebra,femoral neck and Word’s in high level state was significantly higher than that in low and middle level states,and also higher in middle level at lumbar vertebra than that in low level state.In female,the BMD in high leval state was significantly higher at lumbar verfebra than that in low and middle level states.Conclusion Physical exercise in juvenile can increase peak bone density,it is a good way to prevent osteoporosis by exercise.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristic and regularity of antineoplastics-induced ADR,and to provide refer-ence for safety use of antineoplastics in clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,309 cases of antineoplastics-induced ADR col-lected from a special hospital during Jan.-Dec. 2015 were summarized and analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Among 309 ADR cas-es,female (58.25％) was more than male (41.75％). The patients aged more than 40 years old occupied the highest proportion (78.64％). Main route of administration was intravenous dripping(94.82％). There were 225 cases of severe ADR(72.82％). To-tal 268 cases were improved after drug withdrawal or treatment(86.73％). A total of 24 kinds of antineoplastics were involved in 309 ADR cases;most of ADR were induced by docetaxel,followed by cisplatin,cyclophosphamide. Most common organs/system involved in ADR was hemopoietic system (64.24％),main clinical manifestation was myelosuppression. CONCLUSIONS:It is necessary to strengthen ADR monitoring,prevent,discover and treat antineoplastics-induced ADR timely,in order to reduce the harm to the patients and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug treatment.

Sialolithiasis is a common disease of the salivary gland. This disease mainly involves the major salivary gland. Sialolithiasis of the minor salivary gland is rare. A case of sialolithiasis of the upper lip was reported, and relevant literature was reviewed in this paper.
Humans ; Lip ; Mouth Mucosa ; Salivary Gland Calculi ; Salivary Glands, Minor

Objective To investigate the potential of AFP-targeted ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO) molecular probe in specific detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with MRI.Methods The targeted probe was synthesized by conjugating AFP antibody with modified USPIO.Two groups treated with AFP-USPIO and USPIO were set up in the study.The HepG2 cells were incubated with AFP-USPIO or USPIO (100 μg/ml) respectively with the dosage of 50 μ1,100 μl or 150 μl for 4 hours,followed by MR imaging in vitro.The signal-noise ratio (SNR) of the cells on T2-weighted image (T2WI) was measured.The rat models with orthotopic HCC were divided into two groups with 5 rats for each group at random.Pre-and post-contrast enhanced (after 1 hour) MR imaging were performed with caudal vein injection at a dosage of 20μg/ml.The contrast noise ratio (CNR) on T2WI and the difference of CNR between pre-and post-enhancement or between both groups were calculated.The relationship of SNR or CNR with the iron particles in cells or tumors was confirmed by Prussian blue iron staining.Results Cytology experiment showed the SNR in both groups was decreased with the increase of the dosage of AFP-USPIO or USPIO,indicating statistically significantdifference in SNR among three different doseage groups (P＜0.05).Prussian blue iron staining showed that the iron particles in cells were increased with the increase of AFP-USPIO dosage,and was negatively correlated with SNR (P=0.00,r=-0.926).However,the iron particles were less in cells in USPIO group.The CNRs of liver tumors in Wistar rat of pre-and post-AFP-USPIO injection were 2.05±0.88 and 0.96±0.31 respectively,indicating a significant difference (P=0.028,t=3.380).However,the CNRs in USPIO group,2.25±1.50 and 2.57±1.49,showed no statistical difference (P=0.275,t=1.263).The CNR after enhancement also had a statistical difference between both groups(P=0.042,t=3.487).Pathological results confirmed more iron particles in tumor tissues in AFP-USPIO group,whereas less in USPIO group.Conclusion AFP-USPIO molecular probes can initiatively target to the HepG2 cells and the liver cancer of rat models expressing AFP,which may help to achieve the specificity of MR imaging in the diagnosis of HCC.

Humans are exposed to the ubiquitous radiofrequency (RF, 100 kHz-300 GHz) electromagnetic fields because of the mushroom development of wireless communications,raising concerns over the possible hazards of RF radiations.Epidemiological investigation has showed that chronic use of cellphones increases the risk of brain tumors.Since genetic damage is closely related to tumors, researchers have been trying to find out whether cellphones and other RF devices are genotoxic.However, the investigations have yielded both negative and positive results.This review summarized the recent in vitro and in vivo researches about genotoxicity of RF radiations and proposed a possible mechanism by which of RF radiations cause genetic damage.

[Objective]To investigate the feasibility of screening for velamentous umbilical cord insertion in early pregnancy by ultrasound.[Methods]A total of 2,796 cases of pregnant women,2 998 cases of fetuses that underwent prenatal ultrasound screening in the early and middle stage pregnancy and delivered in Dalian Women and Children Healthcare Center were included. The results of ultrasound screening of umbilical cord insertion during early pregnancy(11~13+6 w)were divided into three groups. GroupⅠ:it is clear that the placenta of the umbilical cord is located in the fetal membranes ,and then along with the fetal membranes for a long distance,and then enter the placenta. GroupⅡ:The placenta of the umbilical cord is located at the edge of the placenta,and then insert point is not distinguished between the placenta and fetal membranes. Group Ⅲ:It is clearly shows that the umbilical cord inserted into the placenta.[Results]1. The display rate of the umbilical cord in early and mid pregnancy ultrasound examinationearly pregnancyan examination showed that the rate of 99.23%(2 975/2 998). The single child display rate of 99.77%(2 590/2 596),twindisplay rate of 95.96%(380/396),three fetal the rate of 83.33%(5/6).In the second trimester of pregnancy(22~26 w)and examination showed that the rate of 86.99%(2 608/2 998). The single child display rate of 90.99%(2 362/2 596),twin display rate of 61.61%(244/396),three fetal the rate of 33.33%(2/6). 2. The results of early pregnancy,pregnancy,the examination of after birth Regard?ing to early pregnancy,28 cases were included in GroupⅠ,42 cases in GroupⅡand 2928 cases in GroupⅢ. Regarding to second pregnancy,37 cases were evaluated as velamentous umbilical cord insertion,30 cases were evaluated as battledore placenta and 2931 cases were evaluated as normal placenta. The results of postnatal examination were as follows:36 cases were identified as velamentous umbilical cord insertion,30 cases were evaluated as battledore placenta and 2932 cases were evaluated as normal placenta. 3. Comparison of 3 groups,early pregnancy examination results and pregnancy and after the birth. In early pregnancy,28 cases of GroupⅠwere diagnosed as velamentous umbilical cord insertion in the examination during the second trimester of pregnancy and after delivery. In the 42 cases of early pregnancy in Group Ⅱ,7 cases were diagnosed as velamentous umbilical cord insertion ,22 cases were diagnosed as battledore placenta and 13 cases were normal placenta. After birth ,6 cases were diagnosed as diagnosed as velamentous umbilical cord insertion ,23 cases were battledore placenta and 13 cases were normal placenta. In the 2928 cases of early pregnancy of Group Ⅲ,2 cases were diagnosed as diagnosed as velamentous umbilical cord insertion ,8 cases were battledore placenta and 2918 cases were normal placenta. After birth ,2 cases were diagnosed as diagnosed as velamentous umbilical cord insertion,7 cases were battledore placenta and 2919 cases were normal placenta.The diagnostic accuracy of early pregnancy was 98.29%.[Conclusion]Application of HD-Flow blood flow pattern in early pregnancy can make a diagnosis of some of the sail-shaped placenta.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of urinary ?1-microglobulin (?1-MG), ?2-micro-globulin (?2-MG), albumin (MA), immunoglobulin G (IGU) and transferritin (TRU), and investigate the correlation between microproteinuria and renal pathological changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods According to the presence of nephritis, 47 SLE patients who had renal biopsy were divided into two groups: 30 patients with clinical lupus nephritis (OLN), and 17 patient with silent lupus nephritis (SLN). The urinary ?1-MG, ?2-MG, MA, IGU and TRU were measured in SLE patients and compared with healthy control group. The level of microproteinuria and renal biopsy pathological changes in SLE patients were studied. Results ①The levels of urinary ?1-MG, ?2-MG, MA, IGU and TRU had statistical differences between SLE group and healthy control group, OLN group and SLN group, SLN group and healthy control group respectively. ②The levels of urinary MA、TRU、 IGU were significantly higher in WHO class Ⅳ than in class Ⅱ LN, the level of urinary MA was markedly increased in class Ⅳ than in class Ⅲ LN and ?1-MG was significantly different between class Ⅳ and Ⅴ LN. In classⅤ LN, the urinary MA was obviously increased compared with class Ⅱ LN. Conclusion ①The urinary ?1-MG, ?2-MG, MA, IGU and TRU reflects the severity of renal damage in SLE patients and may be used as sensitive markers for early lupus nephritis. ②The measurement of microproteinuria indicates that the difference in severity of renal damage exists among different WHO classes of LN and urinary MA and ?1-MG may be sensitive indicators.