Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complicated endocrine disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors,many of which are unknown as far as for the pathogenesis of T2DM is concerned. In recent years,diabetes researchers have paid more attention to the intestinal microbiota. The discovery,verification and molecular mechanism of the intestinal microbiota related to T2DM are the focus of this article. The role of intestinal microecology in the development of T2DM is also reviewed,involving diet,chronic inflammation,short chain fatty acids,bile acids,the intestinal microbiota and circadian rhythm,and microRNA.

Although there are plenty of principles and standards on translation of traditional Chinese medicine into English, still mistranslation can not be completely avoided. This paper analyzed the phenomenon of mistranslation from perspective of its causes, cases and suggestion in order to provide enlightenment on improving translation levels.

Objective To evaluate the function imaging ability and dose for whole organ imaging of Aquilion ONE 320 Slice CT.Methods Aquilion ONE 320 Slice CT adpoted wide volume imaging mode to acquire 4D dynamic imaging results,then the expose dose was compared with that of 64 slice CT.Results 320 slice CT,with advantages in dynamic volume imaging and function imaging when compared with traditional spiral CT,restrained its organ time resolution to 0.35s,and thus the acquisition time and exposure dose was decreased.The motion artifact was reduced and image quality was enhanced.Conclusion 320 slice dynamic volume CT,with zero phase delay,can realize CT 4D function imaging.

Objective To compare the overall diagnostic accuracy of MRCP with EUS for the detection of choledocholithiasis and malignant obstruction in patients with suspected biliary obstruction.Methods A fully recursive literature search was conducted in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL,MEDLINE or PUBME (1980-2012),EMBASE (1980-2012),OVID Database (1980-2012),CBM (1980-2012),VIP database (1989-2012),Chinese journal of full-text database (CNKI) (1980-2012),and WANFANG database(1980-2012).The prospective diagnostic studies which evaluated or compared the diagnostic accuracy of MRCP and EUS were included combined with manual searches.We also searched the references of all included articles of important meetings and journals.QUA-DAS items were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.SEN,SPE,+ LR,-LR and the areas under SROC were detected,then t-test was used to evaluate whether statistically significant difference existed between EUS and MRCP.Results Thirteen studies including 1200 cases were recruited.The overall pooled sensitivities of MRCP and EUS for the detection of choledocholithiasis were 0.870 (95％ CI:0.826-0.906)and 0.935 (95％ CI:0.90-0.96) respectively,whereas their specificities were 0.952 (95％ CI:0.926-0.971) and 0.947 (95％ CI:0.920-0.967),respectively.The overall pooled positive likelihood ratio for MRCP and EUS were 14.055 (95％ CI:6.259-31.561) and 16.653 (95％ CI:6.896-40.212),respectively,with the corresponding negative likelihood ratio of 0.177 (95％ CI:0.108-0.290) and 0.076 (95％ CI:0.049-0.118),respectively.Areas under the ROC curve were 0.9693 and 0.9771,respectively.There were no statistically significant difference for sensitivity (0.84 ± 0.16 vs 0.93 ± 0.07,P =0.108) and specificity (0.93 ±0.10 vs 0.90 ±0.15,P =0.555) between MRCP and EUS.The overall pooled sensitivities of EUS and MRCP for the detection of malignancy were 0.959 (95％ CI:0.908-0.987),and 0.805 (95％ CI:0.724-0.871),respectively,whereas their specificities were 0.975 (95％ CI:0.954-0.988) and 0.927 (95％ CI:0.897-0.951),respectively.The overall pooled positive likelihood ratio for EUS and MRCP were 23.398 (95％ CI:12.987-42.155) and 13.448 (95％ CI:4.961-36.456),respectively,with the corresponding negative likelihood ratio of 0.059 (95％ CI:0.028-0.122) and 0.134(95％ CI:0.046-0.391),respectively.Areas under the ROC curve were 0.9870 and 0.9686,respectively.There were no statistically significant differences for sensitivity (0.95 ± 0.55 vs 0.88 ± 0.14,P =0.22) and specificity (0.96 ±0.03 vs 0.91 ±0.11,P =0.31) between MRCP and EUS.Conclusion MRCP and EUS are both valuable in differential diagnosis of biliary obstruction caused by choledocholithiasis or malignant lesions.

Aim To explore the effect of atorvastatin on NF-?B/I?B signal pathway,P selectin and ICAM-1 expression in cholesterol-rich diet-induced rabbit atherosclerosis.Methods 24 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group,high-cholesterol group and atorvastatin group.Nucleus NF-?B p65 and cytoplasma I?B? were detected with Western blot technique.Plasma P selectin was detected with Immunoradioassay.Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of ICAM-1.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of nucleus NF-?B p65,P selectin and ICAM-1 increased significantly and cytoplasma I?B? reduced in high-cholesterol group(P

Objective To investigate the protective effects of polysaccharide from Radix Codonopsis Lanceolatae on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice.Methods The model of CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury was set up in mice, and then treated with polysaccharide from Radix Codonopsis Lanceolatae to observe the activities of ALT, AST and TG in serum and the levels of SOD, GSH and MDA in hepatic tissue and Observed the pathological changes in the liver of mice.Results Compared with model control group, the lance asiabell root polysaccharide liver injury in mice all dose groups in the activity of serum ALT(97.5 ± 22.12 U/L, 108.8 ± 22.15 U/L, 125.2 ± 19.68 U/Lvs. 152.3 ± 17.32 U/L), AST (72.5 ± 21.3 U/L, 89.2 ± 17.47 U/L, 104.3 ± 19.34 U/Lvs.1215 ± 22.31 U/L) and TG(0.75 ± 0.32 mmol/L, 0.80 ± 0.22 mmol/L, 0.96 ± 0.21 mmol/L vs.1.44 ± 0.23 mmol/L) reduce, can increase the liver damage the activity of SOD(215.6 ± 22.68 U/mg, 203.2 ± 22.18 U/mg, 186.2 ± 18.34 U/mgvs.164.3 ± 17.54 U/mg), GSH(17.74 ± 2.12μmol/g, 14.84 ± 1.12μmol/g, 13.93 ± 2.15μmol/gvs.12.23 ± 2.09μmol/g) in liver tissue of mice, decrease the activity of MDA(6.22 ± 2.12 nmol/mg, 6.22 ± 2.12 nmol/mg, 8.36 ± 1.84 nmol/mgvs.9.35 ± 1.68 nmol/mg) in liver tissue, showing significant differences (P<0.05), and there was certain dose dependent, and can improve the pathological injury of liver tissue.Conclusion Polysaccharide from Radix Codonopsis Lanceolatae had protective effects on acute liver induced by acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of total glucosides of Verbena officinalis on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP)in mice and its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. METHODS:60 mice were randomized into normal group(normal saline),model group(normal saline),positive group(Qianliekang tablet 1.5 g/kg)and total glucosides of V. officinalis high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups(0.2,0.1,0.05 g/kg),with 10 mice in each group. CNP model was induced in those groups ex-cept for normal group;mice were given relevant medicine once a day for consecutive 21 days since 8th day of modeling. The white blood cell count,lecithin corpuscle density and pathological changes of prostate samples were observed. 50 mice were randomly di-vided into model group(normal saline),positive group(Aspirin tablet 0.3 g/kg or Dexamethasone acetate tablet 0.01 g/kg)and to-tal glucosides of V. officinalis high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups(0.2,0.1,0.05 g/kg);they were given relevant medi-cine intragastrically once a day for consecutive 7 days. The xylene-induced ear swelling test (Aspirin tablet as positive drug) and cotton-pellet granuloma test (Dexamethasone acetate tablet as positive drug) were conducted to determine the the degree of ear swelling and the net weight of granuloma. The acetic acid writhing test and hot plate test(Aspirin tablet as positive drug)were car-ried out to determine the latency period of writhing,the times of writhing within 20 min and pain threshold. RESULTS:Compared with model group,white blood cells count of prostate tissue were lowered while the density of lecithin corpuscles were increased significantly in medicine groups;the pathology of prostate tissue were improved significantly in positive group and total glucosides of V. officinalis high-dose and medium-dose groups,and mostly were 0 and Ⅰ grade. The degree of ear swelling and the net weight of granuloma were markedly reduced in positive group and total glucosides of V. officinalis high-dose and medium-dose groups;the times of writhing within 20 min decreased in medicine groups,and the latency period of writhing prolonged and pain threshold in-creased in positive group and total glucosides of V. officinalis high-dose group. All of the results showed statistical difference(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Total glucosides of V. officinalis can improve CNP in mice,and shows good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

A de-noising method for electrocardiogram (ECG) based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and wavelet threshold de-noising theory is proposed in our school. We decomposed noised ECG signals with the proposed method using the EEMD and calculated a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then we selected IMFs and reconstructed them to realize the de-noising for ECG. The processed ECG signals were filtered again with wavelet transform using improved threshold function. In the experiments, MIT-BIH ECG database was used for evaluating the performance of the proposed method, contrasting with de-noising method based on EEMD and wavelet transform with improved threshold function alone in parameters of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and mean square error (MSE). The results showed that the ECG waveforms de-noised with the proposed method were smooth and the amplitudes of ECG features did not attenuate. In conclusion, the method discussed in this paper can realize the ECG denoising and meanwhile keep the characteristics of original ECG signal.
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

Objective To study the content of isorhynchophylline from different regions and different harvest time.Methods The content of isorhynchophylline in Uncaria rhynchophylla from different regions and different harvest time was tested by HPLC. The Waters Symmetry C18 color (4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm), mobile phase of methanol - 0.01 mol/L ammonium acetate buffer (pH 8.0) (60:40), column temperature 25℃, 20 μl sample volume, velocity of 1.0 ml/min, detection wavelength of 246 nm were setted.Results The isorhynchophylline can be detected in different regions and different harvest time, with the highest content was found in Ningming county and from September to February of the next year.Conclusion The content of isorhynchophylline in Uncaria rhynchophylla varied from different regions and harvest times. The best harvest time is during September to February of the next year.

Hypoxia and hypoxia-induced factors (HIFs) are main regulators for tumor stem cells, metastasis-initiating cells and their differentiated progenies to adapt to the environment which lacks oxygen and nutrient in the process of cancer development. HIFs are up-regulated in many tumors, including leukemia, glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate cancer, breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, in where they are especially highly expressed in hypoxic regions. HIFs activation can induce expression of numerous stem cell related genes and multidrug resistance genes, which may play important roles in tumour and stem cell-mediated self-renewing, energy metabolism alternation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and treatment resis?tance of neoplastic cells. Consequently, it will provide new clues for cancer therapy after investigating the role of HIFs in tar?geted regulation and metabolic pathway modulation in various stem cell-mediated tumor cells.