Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a kind of technique that uses fluoreseently la-beled DNA probes to assess cells for genetic alterations. UroVysion is a technique that uses FISH to detect bladder cancer in the voided urine by four fluorescently labeled DNA probes to the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 ( CEP3 ) ,7 (CEPT), and 17 (CEP17) and to the 9p21 locus ( LSI 9p21 ) location of the p16 tumor suppressor gene. It is reported that sensitivity of FISH was higher than cytology for the detection of all stages and grades of bladder cancer. FDA has approved UroVysion for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer in voided urine specimens from patients with a history of bladder cancer in the year 2001 and from pa-tients with gross or microscopic hematuria but no previous history of bladder cancer in the year 2005. Fur-thermore, UroVysion can benefit the assessment of bladder cancer patients receiving BCG treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of butorphanol combined with dexmedetomidine on postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in patients.Methods One hundred and twenty patients,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or],aged 20-64 yr,weighing 45-88 kg,undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery,were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),butorphanol group (group B),dexmedetomidine group (group D) and dexmedetomidine + butorphanol group (group B+D).In group D,dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused at 10 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by continuous infusion at 0.7 μg·kg 1·h-1 until the end of operation.In group C,the equal volume of normal saline was given instead before skin incision.In group B,butorphanol 20 μg/kg was injected immediately before skin incision.In group B+D,dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was infused at 10 min before induction of anesthesia,followed by continuous infusion at 0.5 μg· kg-1 · h-1 until the end of operation,and butorphanol 15 μg/kg was injected immediately before skin incision.Anesthesia is induced with iv midazolam 0.05 mg/kg,sufentanyl 0.2-0.3 μg/kg,rocuronium 0.7 mg/kg and propofol 2.0 mg/kg.After tracheal intubation,all the patients are mechanically ventilated,and PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of remifentanil 0.3 μg · kg-1 · min 1 and propofol 4-6 mg·kg 1·h-1 and intermittent iv boluses of rocuronium 0.3 mg/kg.BIS value was maintained at 40-60.Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) with sufentanil was used after operation,and VAS score was maintained ≤ 3.At 30 and 60 min and 6,12,24 and 48 h after operation,the sufentanil consumption was recorded.The development of bradycardia and hypotension during operation and postoperative nausea and vomiting,dizziness and somnolence was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the sufentanil consumption and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly decreased in B,D and B+D groups,the incidence of dizziness and somnolence was increased in group B,and the incidence of bradycardia and hypotension was increased in group D.There was no significant difference in sufentanil consumption between B,D and B+D groups.The incidence of dizziness and somnolence was significantly lower in group B + D than in group B.The incidence of bradycardia,hypotension and somnolence was significantly lower in group B + D than in group D.Conclusion Butorphanol combined with dexmedetomidine provides better efficacy than either alone in reducing postoperative hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil in patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the uncertainty for the determination of ethanol in human blood by auto-headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) with internal standard curve method.Methods Each source of uncertainty, arising from the procedure of testing, was analyzed and conifrmed according to the guidelines of the uncertainty in measurement . After each uncertainty component was quantized, the combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty of the result were calculated.Results The relative uncertainty brought from the measurement repeatability, standard solution of the ethanol, the sample of blood, internal standard solution of the tert-butyl alcohol, the calibration cure, gas chromatography were 3.4%,0.71%,0.61%,0.41%,1.1% and 1.3% respectively; the relative expanded uncertainty of ethanol in blood was 3.9%.Conclusion The measurement uncertainty of the concentration of ethanol was came primarily from the measurement repeatability of sample, HS-GC and standard curve of ethanol.

Objective To investigate the incidence of infection and the effect of anti-infection prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients after Basiliximab induction therapy. Methods A total of 204patients who have received renal transplantation and Basiliximab induction therapy from January 1,2001 to December 31, 2010 in our hospital have been retrospective analysed in this study. These patients were divided into a prophylaxis group (118 cases) with Ganciclovir + Sulfadiazine +Trimethoprim therapy and a control group (86 cases) without any anti-infection prophylaxis.Furthermore, 440 transplanted patients in the same peroid without any induction therapy were also analysed. They were also devided into two groups: an anti-infection prophylaxis group (206 cases)and a control group (234 cases) without any anti-infection prophylaxis. Results In the prophylaxis group with Basiliximab induction therapy, there were 23 patients (19. 5 %, 23/118)experienced hospitalization due to infection, 3 cases (13. 0 %,3/23) among them were severe infection, and 3patients (13.0 %, 3/23) died from vital infection. In the non-prophylaxis control group with Basiliximab induction therapy, 27 patients (31.4 %, 27/86) had infection complication, 7 patients (25.9 % ,7/27) among them were severe infection, and 4 patients(14. 8 % ,4/27)died. The incidence of infection between the above two groups is significantly different (P＜0. 05). In the prophylaxis group without induction therapy, the incidence of infection was 15.0 % (31/206), there were no severe infection cases but 7 patients (22. 6 %, 7/31) died from infection. In the non-prophylaxis control group without induction therapy, the incidence of infection was 12. 8 % (30/234), 3 cases among them were severe infection(10. 0 %,3/30)and 5 patients died from infection (16. 7 %, 5/30).The incidence of infection in Basiliximab induced patients without anti-infection prophylaxis is significantly higher than that in patients without induction therapy and anti-infection prophylaxis (31.4 % vs. 12.8 %,P＜0.01). Conclusion Basiliximab induction therapy increased the risk of infection, but not the rate of mortality. It is necessary to give anti-infection prophylaxis in renal transplanted patients with Basiliximab induction therapy.

Objective To investigate the infection following the lymphocytes deleted agent (ATG) and IL-2 receptor antagonists (Basilixinab and Daclizumab)-based induction therapy after renal trausplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 701 kidney transplant recipients between Jan. 1,2005 to Dec.31,2010.According to exclusive and inclusive criteria,finally 549 patients were evaluated,including 429 patients treated with ATG (ATG group) and 120 patients with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies group; 86 patients with Basiliximab,and 34 patients with Daclizumab).The incidence of acute rejection,infection rate,infection time,hospital stay,severe infection rate and mortality were analyzed.After operation,the patients received an immunosuppression therapy including Tacrolimus (cyclosporine A),Mycophenolate-Mofetil and prednisone to present rejection. Part of the patients were treated with ganciclovir and sulfamethoxazole sulfadiazine and trimethoprim for infection prevention.Results The acute rejection rate in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 15.9％ (68/429) and 10.0％ (12/120),and there was no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).The infection rate in ATG group was 11.9％ (51/429),including 13.7％ (7/51) with severe infection,and mortality was 7.8％(4/51).The infection rate was 15.0％ (18/120) in monoclonal antibodies group,including 11.1％ (2/18) with severe infection,and mortality was 5.6％ (1/18).There was no statistically significnat difference in infection rate,severe infection rate and mortality between two groups (P＞0.05).The hospital stay in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 25.8 days and 19.1 days respectively (P＜0.05).Dead cases had not received regular anti-infection treatment,and the patients age was over 50 years.Conclusion The infection risk and mortality between these two induction therapies are identical,but hn comparison to the patients using ATG,the infection of patients using anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies is easier to control.Anti-infection prophylaxis is important to reduce infection rate and decrease infectious mortality.

Objective To explore the gray matter changes in aggressive patients with schizophrenia,and the relationship between the gray matter and aggression in patients.Methods Eighteen aggressive patients with schizophrenia (SZ1),18 age-and gender-matched un-aggressive patients with schizophrenia (SZ2) and 18 normal controls (NC) were enrolled in the study.Then a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was conducted for each participant.The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach and the Chinese version of Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire (B&P) were used to explore imaging data and to assess the aggression,respectively.Results Compared with NC,patients with schizophrenia showed changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in the frontal,temporal and the occipital lobes (P＜0.05,AlphaSim corrected).Compared with SZ2,SZ1 showed increased GMV in the right supramarginal gyrus,right postcentral gyms,bilateral insula and orbito-frontal gyri (P＜0.05,AlphaSim corrected).The GMV of the right insula,right postcentral gyms and right supramarginal grus were positively associated with B&P scores in patients with schizophrenia (P＜0.01,AlphaSim corrected),respectively.Conclusions These preliminary findings support that the aggression in schizophrenia is associated with GMV changes of brain regions in patients with schizophrenia.The right postcentral gyrus,the right insula and the right supramarginal gyrus may be involved in the neural mechanism of aggression in schizophrenia.

The first genetic linkage map of Salvia miltiorrhiza was constructed in 94 F1 individuals from an intraspecific cross by using simple sequence repeat (SSR), sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 93 marker loci in the linkage map, consisting of 53 SSR, 38 SRAP and 2 ISSR locus were made up of eight linkage groups, covered a total length of 400.1 cm with an average distance of 4.3 cm per marker. The length of linkage groups varied from 3.3 -132 cm and each of them included 2-23 markers, separately. The result will provide important basis for QTL mapping, map-based cloning and association studies for commercially important traits in S. miltiorrhiza.

Objective:To investigate the effect on the expression of Slug for the trasfection of miR-200c combined with the research on the ability of migration of breast cancer cell BT549.Methods:Chemically synthesized miR-200c mimic was trasfected into BT549 cells,which have high metastatic potential.The effect on the ability of migration of breast cancer cell BT549 for the transfection of miR-200c was analyzed by Transwell migration assay and Wound healing assay.The expression of Slug and E-cadherin mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR.The expression of Slug protein was detected by Western blot.Results:Transfection with miR-200c mimic significantly down-regulated the expression of Slug as compared with the control group (P<0.05).BT549 cell tranfected with miR-200c mimic had lower levels of migration capacity than cells in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:miR-200c inhibits Epithelial-mes-enchymal transition by suppressing Slug leading to down-regulation of migration capacity of breast cancer cell BT549.

Animals ; Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Cannabinoids ; pharmacology ; Fibrosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; therapy ; Piperidines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Cannabinoid ; metabolism ; Scleroderma, Diffuse ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Skin ; metabolism ; Smad Proteins ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To report a newly developed method and procedure to establish a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage in detail, and to provide a better model simulating the clinical subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm for related research.Methods One hundred and twenty healthy SPF 2-3-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups, 30 rats in each group.The three experimental groups were sacrificed at 6, 24 and 72 hours after modeling.Rat models of subarachnoid hemorrhage were established by inserting a fiber core in the internal carotid artery and piercing this artery.Successful establishment of the subarachnoid hemorrhage model was confirmed by observation of breathing, pupil, defecation, urination and inspection at autopsy dissection.The controllability and reproducibility of this model were verified by observation of clinical manifestation and explored by mortality analysis.Results Subarachnoid hemorrhage was successfully induced by fiber core piercing the internal carotid artery at the needed location.Conclusions This method of model preparation is stable and understandable.The operation is nimble, with a good reproducibility.This model can be successfully performed after a short time learning, well simulate the sudden hemorrhage caused by a ruptured aneurysm, and suitable for research on early brain injury and vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.