Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a very common complication in patients with neurological diseases.Its incidence and mortality are very high and result in a prolonged hospital stay and an increase in hospitalization costs.Therefore,how to effectively prevent HAP has become the focus of attention by neurologists.There are many risk factors for HAP,such as advanced age,conscious disorders,dysphagia,body position,oropharyngeal colonization,mechanical ventilation,enteral nutrition,and stress ulcer prevention drugs,etc.Clearing the risk factors for HAP and taking appropriate measures to strengthen protection may reduce the occurrence of HAP and improve the prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVE Toestablisharecombinantcelllinethatcanstablyexpressratpurinergic P2receptorP2X4(rP2X4R).METHODS ToconstructgreenfluorescentproteinandrP2X4recombinant plasmid (pEGFP-N1-rP2X4),lipofectamine was used to transfect pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 into human embry-onic kidney (HEK293)cells that were screened with G41 8 (1 g·L-1 ).The quantitative expression of rP2X4 receptor was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.Whole-cell patch clamp record-ing was used to investigate the function of the stably expressed rP2X4 receptor. RESULTS The sequence of plasmid pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 was verified by PubMed Blastn comparison.qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the expression of rP2X4 receptor in HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell lines remained stable after 25 generations (P1 ,P3,P5,P10,P15,P20 and P25).Whole-cell patch clamp recording experiments showed that the rP2X4 receptor agonist,purine-5′-triphosphate (ATP,3.0 μmol·L-1 ),could activate rP2X4 receptors in HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell lines.Specific activating current could be blocked by non-selective rP2X4 receptor antagonist TNP-ATP (30.0μmol·L-1).CONCLUSION rP2X4receptorisstablyexpressedinHEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4cell line and maintains stable expression and function within 25 continuous generations.The establish ment of HEK293-pEGFP-N1-rP2X4 cell line can contribute to further investigations of the roles of rP2X4 receptors in neuropathic pain.

Statins not only can help lower cholesterol,but also has certain effect for the treatment of malignant tumor.Its possible antitumor mechanisms include inducing apoptosis and differentiation,inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,reducing the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells,combined sensitization and chemical prevention effect.

Objective To establish a method for determinning quetiapine in human hair by HPLC.Methods A reverse phase HPLC system was performed on Inertsil ODS-C18 column (4.6 mm ×150 mm,5μm)with the mobile phase consisted of 0.01 mol/Lammonioum-methanol(32︰68).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,column temperature was 40℃,the detection wavelength was 254 nm.N-hexane was used as extracting solvent.Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 5-200 ng/mg.for quetiapine.The recovery of extraction >75.0%, the recovery of method was between 95.0% and 105.0%, the intra-day and inter-day precision were all no more than 10.0%.This method met the requirements of biological samples. Conclusion A HPLC method of concentration of quetiapine in human hair is established, which is simple,sensitive,accurate and has a certain value.

Objective To establish a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia according to individualized and specific immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in leukemia cells, and to use it for the monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD) of B-cell lymphocytic leukemia. Methods The immunoglobulin gene rearrangements of bone marrow samples from 15 cases of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia were analyzed with a validated European BIOMED-2 system, and the individualized and specific qPCR-based quantification of leukemic immunoglobulin gene rearrangements was established. Results Unique and specific gene rearrangements of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains were identified in 14 cases and Ig-qPCR based on these gene rearrangements had a sensitivity of 10-5 and high specificity which met the international criteria in 10 patients. Leukemia MRD quantification with immunoglobulin gene rearrangement-based qPCR was similar as compared with other MRD detection methods. Conclusion Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement-based leukemia MRD quantification is feasible, sensitive, specific, precise and much valuable for clinical decision of treatments in B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic cystitis in children. Method The clinical data of 7 patients with eosinophilic cystitis admitted from 2012 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature were reviewed. Results The median age of the 7 patients was 9 years, and clinical manifestations were urgent urination, frequent micturition, odynuria, hematuria, abdominal pain and nocturnal enuresis. Ultrasonography and CT examination showed thickened bladder wall and space occupying lesions.All the 7 children received bladder biopsy, and pathology was consistent with eosinophilic cystitis. Six of them were cured after 2 months of drug therapy, and the other one was cured by repeated drug treatment for 1 year.All patients were followed up for 3 months to 4 years until the abnormal symptoms of voiding disappeared and the abnormal changes of bladder disappeared by imaging examination. Conclusion Eosinophilic cystitis in children is a benign lesion, having extremely similar clinical manifestations to bladder tumor. Without biopsy, the diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis can also be made according to the clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and treatment effect. The treatment for this disease mainly includes hormone, antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drugs.

This study aimed at evaluating the quality of the precise powder decoction pieces (PPDP) of L.japonicae Flos (LJF) compared with the traditional commercial slices with chemical fingerprint methods and DNA molecular identification technology.Different specifications of PPDP were prepared,their dry extract contents were in contrast with that of commercial slices.The three batches of commercial slices were collected,and the content uniformity,fingerprint and similarity evaluation before and after the mixing and pulverization were studied by HPLC-DAD and DNA sequence alignment.As a result,the paste rate of PPDP was slightly higher than that of the traditional commercial slices.The dissolution of chlorogenic acid of PPDP was higher than that of the traditional commercial slices.RSD of inter-assay dissolutions of chlorogenic acid of commercial slices was 11.93％,which was reduced to 8.29％ after mixing and preparing into PPDP.The fingerprint showed that the slimilarity of the fringerprint of the mixed and powdered LJF was elevated with 7 common peaks.All the common peaks were increased at different levels.In conclusion,compared with traditional commercial slices of LJF,PPDP apparently improved the dissolution rate and the quality uniformity,indicating that the boiled powder of CRP obviously presented vantages in clinic.

Objective To investigate status of the intravenous use of antibiotics in outpatients and emergency patients of a tertiary first-class hospital, and provide a reference for developing management measures in next step. Methods By a retrospective method,all the prescriptions using antibiotics by intravenous administration in outpatients and emergency department patients from a tertiary first-class hospital in 2013 were extracted from the hospital information system. The categories of antimicrobial agents,proportion of intravenous use of antimicrobial drugs,ranking of the antibiotic consumption sum and defined daily dose,and the top 10 clinical departments or wards intravenously using antimicrobial drugs were chosen to analyze. The data in 2014 were extracted as a comparison. Results Outpatients and emergency department patients respectively used 8 categories 31 kinds and 8 categories 30 kinds of intravenous antimicrobial drugs, with high consumption of cephalosporins and restricted antimicrobials such as sodium cefoxitin.Intravenous use of antimicrobial drug prescription proportion in emergency department is higher than that in outpatient department. Conclusion After intervention in 2014, antibiotic consumption is effectively controlled as compared that in 2013. But management should be strengthened and appropriate interventions should be taken to ensure the use of intravenous antibiotics in a safe,effective and economical manner.