Since HBV DNA integration was discovered for the first time in 1980, various methods have been used to detect and study it, such as Southern Blot, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and so on. HBV DNA integration is thought to be random on the whole although some hot spots of integration were described by some researchers, one of which might be the repetitive sequences of the genomic DNA. Besides, DNA damage, especially double-strand breaks could promote HBV DNA integration into host genome. HBV DNA integration into cells may damage the stability of the genome, cause DNA rearrangement, promote DNA deletion and induce the formation of HCC.

Background and purpose:CpG methylation in promoter region is an essential mechanism for the dysfunction of the tumor suppression gene.Folate metabolism provides active methyl for organism methylation.Methionine synthase(MS) plays a vital role in the process of folate metabolism.This study aimed to explore the genetic polymorphism of MS, CHD5 methylation and their association with breast cancer morbidity.Methods:Fortyseven patients with primary breast cancer, 52 healthy subjects and 15 breast hyperplasia patients were enrolled in this experiment.The mRNA expression of CHD5 was determined by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR).Methylationspecific PCR(MSP) was used to detect the methylation status of CHD5.Polymorphisms in the MS gene were analyzed through the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Results:The mRNA expression of CHD5 in breast cancer tissues(0.27?0.19) and adjacent non-cancerous tissues(0.33?0.17) were both significantly lower than that in the breast hyperplasia tissues(0.67?0.14)(P

Microglia are the inherent macrophages and immune surveillance cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and compose the first guard of immune defense in CNS .The activation of microglia is one of the pathological features of many CNS diseases and acts as an important role during the multiple sclerosis (MS) process.MS is a CNS disease characterized by neuroinflammatory infiltration , demyelination and axonal damage.Accumulation of activated microglia at the injury site has been observed in brains of MS patients and experimental animals with complicated mechanisms.Microglia have both detrimental and beneficial roles .For instance, microglia have been shown to recruit and reactivate T cells in the CNS and release many detrimental molecules such as proteases , inflammatory cytokines, and free radicals.Conversely, they have also been observed to aid in axonal regeneration and remyelination as well as assist in the clearance of inhibitory myelin debris .In addition, microglia have been shown to release a variety of neurotrophic factors . Cuprizone [oxalic acid bis (cyclohexylidene hydrazide )] is a well-known copper-chelating agent.Cuprizone ingestion in mice induces a highly reproducible demyelination of distinct brain regions .Discussion on the detrimental and beneficial aspects of microglia in cuprizone animal models will serve to better understand the development of MS and find out new therapeutic targets.This review will further our understanding of the dichotomous roles of microglia in cuprizone -induced demyelination in animal models of multiple sclerosis .

AIM: To observe the effect of Huangqi Danggui Mixture on diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: Using Huangqi Danggui Mixture to treat 32 patients with diabetic nephropathy,In control group 22 patients were treated with Losartan.The therapeutic course was 3 months for both groups.The changes of clinical symptoms,blood glucose,lipid metabolism and urinary albumin were observed and compared. RESULTS: The total effective rate in the treated group was 80.9% while in the control group 63.3%.The symptoms,urinary protein and albumin as well as lipid metabolism in the treated group all significantly improved after treatment (P

Objective To investigate the effect of CpG sequences on t he induction of anti-dsDNA antibodies and the possible mechanism. Methods Usin g a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) containing CpG as an adjuvant, nati ve calf thymus DNA (nCTDNA) was used as the mimic self antigen to immunize norma l BALB/c mice. About one week after immunization, anti-dsDNA antibodies were tes ted by ELISA using nCTDNA and native Escherichia coli DNA (nECDNA) as test antig ens. Results The levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and cytokines including IL-6, IL-12, IFN- but the binding abilities were different significantly. Conclusion The CpG motif can promote the product ion of cross-reactive anti-dsDNA antibodies in normal mice.

AIM: To investigate the effect and possible mechanisms of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on the cell contractility in cardiomyocytes during hypoxia and reoxygenation.METHODS: Glucose-free Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution, gassed with 95% N 2 and 5% CO 2 for hypoxia, were used. The cell contractility were determined after 20 min of hypoxia and 30 min of reoxygenation by the video tracking system. The parameters of cell contractility included peak velocity of cell shortening (+d L /d t max), peak velocity of cell relengthening (-d L /d t max), contraction amplitude (dL) and end-diastolic cell length.RESULTS: It was shown that during hypoxia, the cell contraction was depressed. All the parameters were unable to return to the pre-hypoxia level during reoxygenation. Pretreatment with IL-2 at 2?10 3 U/L attenuated the inhibitory effect of hypoxia/reoxygenation on contractility in single ventricular myocytes. The effect of IL-2 was reduced in the presence of 10 -8 mol/L nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a selective ?-opioid receptor antagonist. On blockade of protein kinase C with 3?10 -6 mol/L chelerythrine, the effect of IL-2 was significantly attenuated. The effect of IL-2 was also blocked by 10 -4 mol/L 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD), a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channel blocker. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study provide evidence that pretreatment with IL-2 at 2?10 3 U/L attenuates the effect of hypoxia/reoxygenation on cell contraction in the isolated ventricular myocytes. The ?-opioid receptor mediates the effect of IL-2, in which activation of PKC and opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mito K ATP ) channel are involved.

Objective To investigate the infection following the lymphocytes deleted agent (ATG) and IL-2 receptor antagonists (Basilixinab and Daclizumab)-based induction therapy after renal trausplantation.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out on 701 kidney transplant recipients between Jan. 1,2005 to Dec.31,2010.According to exclusive and inclusive criteria,finally 549 patients were evaluated,including 429 patients treated with ATG (ATG group) and 120 patients with anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies group; 86 patients with Basiliximab,and 34 patients with Daclizumab).The incidence of acute rejection,infection rate,infection time,hospital stay,severe infection rate and mortality were analyzed.After operation,the patients received an immunosuppression therapy including Tacrolimus (cyclosporine A),Mycophenolate-Mofetil and prednisone to present rejection. Part of the patients were treated with ganciclovir and sulfamethoxazole sulfadiazine and trimethoprim for infection prevention.Results The acute rejection rate in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 15.9％ (68/429) and 10.0％ (12/120),and there was no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).The infection rate in ATG group was 11.9％ (51/429),including 13.7％ (7/51) with severe infection,and mortality was 7.8％(4/51).The infection rate was 15.0％ (18/120) in monoclonal antibodies group,including 11.1％ (2/18) with severe infection,and mortality was 5.6％ (1/18).There was no statistically significnat difference in infection rate,severe infection rate and mortality between two groups (P＞0.05).The hospital stay in ATG group and monoclonal antibodies group was 25.8 days and 19.1 days respectively (P＜0.05).Dead cases had not received regular anti-infection treatment,and the patients age was over 50 years.Conclusion The infection risk and mortality between these two induction therapies are identical,but hn comparison to the patients using ATG,the infection of patients using anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies is easier to control.Anti-infection prophylaxis is important to reduce infection rate and decrease infectious mortality.

Objective To express virus-like particles(VLP) of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Han-senula polymorpha.Methods The coding sequences of P1 and 3CD genes of EV71 were optimized accord-ing to codon usage bias of Hansenula polymorpha for achieving high expression , and then cloned into the ex-pression vector PMV of Hansenula polymorpha .The recombinant expression vector PMV-P1-3CD was trans-formed into Hansenula polymorpha AU 0501 .The transformants were stably cultured in selective medium (Yeast Nitrogen Base) and screened for strains with positive P1 and 3CD genes by PCR.Then an induced cultivation on the recombinant strains were performed in a medium supplemented with methanol to a final concentration of 1.0%and the expressed products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot assays to select high expression strains .The high expression strains were cultured in 30 L fermentor and its fermenta-tion products were analyzed by electronic microscope after purification .Results EV71 recombinant expres-sion strains were successfully constructed .The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the expressed products had obvious VP3, VP1, VP0 protein bands with molecular weights of 26×103, 33×103 and 35×103, respective-ly, which were consistent with the expected molecular weight of the fusion proteins .Western blot demonstra-ted that the expressed products could be specifically recognized by the polyclonal antibody against EV 71-VP1 at 33 ×10 3 , indicating its high immunoreactivity .ELISA confirmed that the expression level of EV 71 fermen-tation products was reached to 200 mg/L.Electronic microscope analysis showed that the VLP of recombi-nant EV71 were 24-30 nm in diameter with normal structure .Conclusion The virus-like particles of human enterovirus 71 are successfully expressed in Hansenula polymorpha , which provides a foundation for the fur-ther development of EV 71 VLP vaccine .

Objective To explore disinfection efficacy of anerdian using swab and spray disinfection methods.Methods Hands of 30 subjects were randomly divided into the swab group and the spray group.The samples of before and after disinfection in each group were collected separately and observed their disinfection effect.Results The number of bacteria showed no significant difference between the two groups.The passing rate of disinfection reached 100％.The time of disinfection in the spray group was (2.58±0.32)s,significantly less than that in the swab group,(12.26±1.48)s,however,the drying time in the spray group was (42.37±1.79)s,significant longer than that in the swab group,(26.24±1.46)s.A subject hand disinfection used 0.5ml 0.2％ anerdian in the spray group,and 0.75ml 0.2％ anerdian and two cotton buds was used in the swab group.Conclusions There is identical disinfection efficacy between spray and swab methods.Spray disinfection method has short operating time,less use of disinfectant without using cotton buds,it is able to replace swab disinfection and will play an important role to reduce medical waste and health care costs.

Magnesium stents have gained increasing interest as an ideal stent of future intervention. In order to study the deformation behavior of magnesium alloy stents in the interventional treatment, the finite element method was used to analysis the effects of different crimp and expansion dimensions on the mechanical properties (maximum stress, radial recoil rate, longitudinal shortening rate and radial strength). The results showed that crimping and expanding have a minimal influence on the stent radial strength. When the expansion size is same, the maximum equivalent stress and recoil rate decrease with the crimp size. When the crimp size is same, in contrast with the radial recoil rate, the maximum equivalent stress and longitudinal shortening rate increase with the expansion size. In addition the paper verified the radial strength-radial displacement curve obtained by FEM. Results are basically consistent, indicating the finite element method can efficiently provide researchers with reliable, high-quality design.
Alloys ; Finite Element Analysis ; Magnesium ; Stents