Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a complicated endocrine disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors,many of which are unknown as far as for the pathogenesis of T2DM is concerned. In recent years,diabetes researchers have paid more attention to the intestinal microbiota. The discovery,verification and molecular mechanism of the intestinal microbiota related to T2DM are the focus of this article. The role of intestinal microecology in the development of T2DM is also reviewed,involving diet,chronic inflammation,short chain fatty acids,bile acids,the intestinal microbiota and circadian rhythm,and microRNA.

Objective:To investigate the application value of interferon-γ release assay ( IGRA ) in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods:180 cases were chose including immunocompromised patients,pulmonary tuberculosis patients,immunocompromised patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy volunteers to undergo IGRA in order to determine and compare the content of specific interferon-γ( IFN-γ) in plasma. At the same time, the result of immunocompromised patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was compared with tuberculin skin test (TST). Results:180 cases of the list were tested,included 40 immuno-compromised patients ( group A ) , 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients ( group B ) , 40 immunocompromised patients with pulmonary tuberculosis patients(group C),and 50 cases in healthy control group(group D). The median of specific IFN-γ contents in the four groups were respectively 0. 112,7. 835,5. 726,0. 697 U/ml. The comparison of differences among the four groups was statistically significant (χ2=74. 046,P<0. 001). Pairwise comparisons among the four groups,and the differences between group B and group C were no significant,but specific IFN-γ content of the two groups was significantly higher than the other two groups,while the group D was higher than group A,the differences were statistically significant. The positive rate of IGRA was significantly higher than that of TST in group C(χ2=11. 314,P=0. 001). Conclusion: IGRA diagnosis in the application of immunocompromised patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was less affected by immune status and was more sensitive than TST,which can be used as auxiliary diagnosis.

The CAPN10 gene, which encodes calpain-10 ( CAPN10 ), a nonlysosomal cysteine protease expressed in many tissues, including skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas, was positionally cloned within the NIDDM1 region. This putative diabetes susceptibility gene encodes a 672 amino-acid protein. Horikawa et al, determined that the CAPN10 gene consists of 15 exons and spans 31 kb. Recently, researchers in many countries have examined the impact of CAPN-10 gene on T2DM. The three SNPs existence simultaneously can increase threefold risk of T2DM. The correlation between them with racial diversity is also reviewed.

0.05). The RHV was obviously improved 6 months after PTCA(P

The genesis of malignant tumor is proved to be mainly caused by regulatory disturbance of cell cycle,in which p27 protein and cyclin D1 protein are major regulators.Cyclin D1 and p27 are positive andnegative regulator respeetively.Recently,redueed expression of p27 protein and overexpression of cyclinD1 pro-tein are found in various eaacers.It has been demonstrated that p27and cyelinD1 are closely associated with the genesis and development of many cancers.Cell cycle and its regulatory has become the focus in tumor research.

With the development of funcgonal laboratory teaching,the advantages of integrating laboratory resources have been embodied in someway,improving the students'experiment level and their comprehensive analysis ability.But many new problems have also shown up such as unreasonable curriculum,construction of teaching staff.By reinstalling experiment courses,integrating the experiment teaching staff,and exploring the solution to the existing problems,the teaching quality of functional experiment can be promoted

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis has been one of the main reasons for old people' s in decline living standard and shortening of lifespan. The onset of osteoporosis is related to the loss of functional coupling in osteoblast and osteoclast. So observation of the regulative effect of medicines on osteoblast is a good method to evaluate their preventive and therapeutical efficacy in osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of genistein on osteoblast culture in vitro.DESIGN: A randomined, controlled and single-blind study based on rat osteoblasts.SETTING: Department of laboratory in amunicipal hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Room of Isotope, Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital of Beijing from February to December 2001. Ten SD rats of 24 hours old were provided from Beijing Weitong Lihua Experimental Animal Ltd. Co. (license:SCXK11-00-0008 ). The laboratory was SPF grade.METHODS: Skull osteoblasts of rats were selected to culture in vitro. Microculture tetrozolium, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, atomic absorptiometry and alizarin red were used to observe the effect of genistein on proliferation,activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), contents of matrix calcium and the number of mineral nodes of osteoblasts cultured in vitro.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological observation, determination of proliferation ratio, ALP stain, determination of matrix calcium accumulation and number of mineralized nodes with alizarin red stain.RESULTS: It was found that genistein stimulated the proliferation of osteoblasts, improved the ALP activity, and increased the contents of matrix calcium and the number of mineral nodes in cultured osteoblasts.CONCLUSION: Genistein has the effects on stimulating the proliferation,differentiation, maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts cultured in vitro.

Tacrolimus is a newtype immunodepressant and used after organ transplantation extensively. It has beed reported tacrolimus may injure intestinal barrier function but the mechanism was ambiguous.

As a sort of human capital, health is a concrete manifestation of human productivity.At home and abroad, there are many empirical studies focusing on the economic effects of health that have been conducted, but the research methods have not paid enough attention to the endogeneity of health in those studies.This paper evaluates the effects of health on the income of rural residents in China with the micro panel data from China Health and Nutrition Survey.To get reliable results, the paper controls the endogenity of health by using simultaneous equation model and solves the parameters by using the three-stage least squares method.The study found that health has significantly positive effects on the income of rural residents in China, a conclusion which is in conformity with the economic effects of health.To improve the health of rural residents and fully implement the economic effects of health, the study recommends the government to put more efforts on promoting healthcare services, health-related education, and improving the living standards of rural residents in China.

Acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the most common organ failure in intensive care unit with high mortality.Both lung and kidney are involved in maintaining acid-base balance in the body, and both organs contain a large vascular network, which is the primary target organ for distant organ effects in the failure of each other.This article reviewed the possible pathogenesis of lung-kidney cross-talk in renal injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome, in order to deepen the understanding of both diseases and improve the prognosis.