5 13. 9 mmol/L two days after STZ( 60 mg/kg) administration. Age-matched normal rats received 3 ml/kg bw 0. 9% saline as control group. The expression of PKC isoforms in control and diabetic glomerular cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant increase of the expression of PKCa in glomeruli cells at 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks. A significant decrease of PKCB1,B2 in glomerular cells at 2 weeks and a gradually increase at 4 weeks and 12 weeks were found; No significant change of the expression of PKC e in the diabetic glomerular cells was observed. Conclusions The expression of PKCa, B1,B2 e isoforms varies in different stages of diabetic nephropathy. The effect of PKC isoforms on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is different.

Objective To investigate effective dosage of ACEI in renoprotective effect in primary glomerular dieases.Method In 154 patients with primary glomerular diseases,we performed a 4 month therapy,including 40 cases with high or low doses of captopril and 51 cases with high or low doses of cilazapril and 45 cases with high low doses of enalapril,and 18 cases with amlodipine as control.Mean arterial pressure (MAP),uninary protein,urinary albumin excretion rate and renal function were measured at basis and after 1,2,3,4 month of therapy,and ACE gene polymorphism was determined in these patients.Result 1.There were no difference on ACE gene polymorphism and diet protein and diet salt among control group and different ACEIs group;2.The antiproteinuria and the effect on renal function were same between patients with high and low dose of different ACEIs.Conclusion The low dose of ACEI has the same renoprotective effect as general dose in primary glomerular diseases.

Objective To screen out useful monitors of heparin therapy in glomerular diseases.Methods In 40 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients and 39 chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients,we implemented a bolus venous injection of heparin 1500 U,and measured the parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis by ELISA at basis and 30 minutes,2 hours after injection.Result After injection with heparin,the levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PF1+2),thrombi-antithrombin Ⅲ (TAT),fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and coagulative factor X (FX) activity significantly decreased,but the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the other parameters of coagulation-fibrinolysis didn't change in either the DN patients or the CGN patients.Conclusion The level of PF1+2,TAT,FPA and XF activity are valuable monitors in heparin therapy.

Objective To observe the effects of obesity on dose-response curve of rocuronium in female patients and calculate ED9 5 of rocuronium.Methods Eighty female patients,aged 18-45 years, falling into ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ,schedualed for elective surgery under general anesthesia,undergoing surgery less than 1.5 h,were included in the study.The patients with body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2 as group N were randomized to divided group N1,group N2,group N3 and group N4.Anoth-er 40 patients with body mass index of 30-35 kg/m2 as group B were randomized to divided group B1, group B2,group B3 and group B4.When the first twitch height of TOF (T1)was 100%,groups N1-N4 and groups B1-B4 patients were injected rocuronium 0.075,0.1,0.1 5,0.3 mg/kg respectively. The first dose of rocuronium in each group,T1 maximum inhibition degree and onset time were re-corded.The relationship between probit-transformed depression of T1 and the logarithm dose of rocu-ronium was analyzed by linear regression.ED50 and ED9 5 of rocuronium in obese and normal body weight patients were calculated.Results Dose-response curve equation of each group were Y1 =3.464X1 -2.23 and Y2 = 3.843X2 - 2.750 respectively(P < 0.05 ).The ED50 and ED9 5 (95% CI)of rocuronium were 0.122 (0.092-0.1 65 )mg/kg and 0.324 (0.242-0.433 )mg/kg in group N,and were 0.103 (0.078-0.133)mg/kg and 0.25 1 (0.1 93-0.326)mg/kg in group B.Conclusion Obesity significantly affects the dose-response curve of young women and can enhance the sensitivity of them to the rocuronium.The ED9 5 of obese patients is 0.25 1 mg/kg.

As highly active anti-retroviral therapy continues, large numbers of drug-resistant strains appeared in human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infectors, which always leads to a decline of treatment results or even a treatment failure.The genotypic resistance analysis technique of the bioinformatics is a powerful tool to forecast the HIV resistance and also determines the success or failure of antiviral therapy.This review will be focus on the advantages and disadvantages, influence factor of the genotype resistance prediction and improve measure of the primary HIV drug resistance genotype interpretation system, depending on the principle and characteristics of the genotypic drug resistance analysis as the breakthrough point, in order to provide guidance for reasonable application of different genotypes drug resistance analysis system in China.

Objective To study the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on in aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Blood pressure and its mechanism 52 elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis divided into two groups, HBP group (23 cases with hypertension) and NBP group(29 cases without hypertension). The plasma vasoactive substances were measured by radioimmunological methods. Fifteen cases in NBP group as EPO group were given a bolus of venous injection of rHuEPO (3 000 IU), others in NBP group (14 cases) were injected 0.9% saline as control group. The plasma vasoactive substances were assayed before and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 44 hours after therapy with or without rHuEPO. Results (1) The plasma dopamine (DA) in HBP group were significantly higher than that of NBP group. (2) Endothelin levels increased transiently but DA levels increased steadily in EPO group. Conclusions The study suggests that the effect of rHuEPO induced on hypertension in the elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is associated with the increasing plasma DA.

The mechanism and interaction among Rb/p16, Rb/E2F1 and HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma were investigated. By using the immunoprecipitation method, the interactions among Rb, p16, E2F1, HDAC1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma cell line (Mz-ChA-1) were studied. It was found that there were Rb and E2F1 proteins in the precipitates with anti-HDAC1, and there were HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in the precipitate with anti-Rb. It was concluded that there are specific interactions among Rb, HDAC1 and E2F1 proteins in gallbladder carcinoma, indicating the existence of the direct Rb/E2F1/HDAC1 signal transduction pathway. There is no direct relationship between p16 proteins with Rb, HDAC1, and E2F1 proteins.

Objective To explore the influence of fenofibrate on apoptosis of human renal proximal tubular cells(HK?2)induced by free fatty acid (FFAs). Methods Methyl azo thiazole blue(determined by MTT)was applied for detection of HK?2 cell proliferation capacity;Spectrophotometry was used to determine the expression of MDA and SOD;MCP?1 and IL?8 in culture supernatant of cells were detected by ELISA;Real?time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of Bax and Bcl?2 respectively. Results FFAs inhibited HK?2 cell prolifera?tion in a dose and time dependence. mRNA and protein expression of Bax significantly increased compared with control,but mRNA and protein ex?pression of Bcl?2 decreased. After preincubation of fenofibrate,the inhibition of HK?2 cell proliferation by FFAs was alleviated;expression of SOD increased and expression of MDA,MCP?1 and IL?8 were decreased;mRNA and protein expression of Bax was significantly decreased,but mRNA and protein expression of Bcl?2 was increased. Conclusion FFAs can induce apoptosis of renal proximal tubular cell in a dose and time dependent manner. Fenofibrate can inhibite HK?2 cell apoptosis by decreasing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammation,up?regulating expression of Bcl?2 and down?regulating expression of Bax,which alleviated nephrotoxicity of FFAs.

Objective To study the effect of authorization theory on patients with new-diagnosed type 2 diabetes with impaired glucose regulation.Methods Authorization education on diabetes were carried out in 54 new-dhgnosed type 2 diabetes patients with impaired glucose regulation for 1 year.The blood glucose,body weight,BML,systolic and diastolic blood pressure,waist circumference,waist-hip ratio and adiponectin were examined before and after authorization education.Courses of education were divided into five steps:identify the problem;express feelings;Set goals;make a plan;evaluate the result.Results All the above factors alleviated after authorization education,P＜0.05.Conclusions Authorization education for patients can make them change their living style actively and achieve the goal of behavior change.

Objective To investigate the relationships of pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) with serum protein S100B, cytokines and plasma procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods A prospective controlled study was conducted, 160 subjects admitted in the Critical Care Medicine and Respiratory Disease Departments in the Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University/Changzhi Municipal People's Hospital from January 2012 to August 2013 were enrolled in the study, including 80 patients with AECOPD (AECOPD group) and 80 COPD under stable condition (SCOPD group). Meanwhile 100 healthy people having passed physical examinations were chosen as healthy control group. The levels of blood routine and plasma PCT were examined, PAP was evaluated by modified Simpson, sequation with echocardiography, serum S100B was measured by radioimmunoassay, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure interleukins (IL-18, IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). The linear correlation analysis was carried out for the various indicators. Results The gender and age in different groups were matched. Compared with the healthy control group, the levels of white blood cell count (WBC), ratio of neutrophil granulocyte (PMN), PAP, PCT and S100B, IL-18, IL-1β, and TNF-αwere significantly higher in SCOPD and AECOPD groups [WBC (×109/L):0.84±0.22, 1.94±0.64 vs. 0.73±0.12, PMN: 0.70±0.09, 0.85±0.08 vs. 0.54±0.05, PAP (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 39±5, 47±8 vs. 24±5, PCT (μg/L): 0.41±0.08, 6.35±2.14 vs. 0.11±0.01, S100B (μg/L): 0.081±0.017, 0.101±0.028 vs. 0.041±0.011, IL-18 (ng/L): 162±19, 181±27 vs. 112±19, IL-1β(ng/L): 55±12, 75±14 vs. 34±10, TNF-α(ng/L):67±17, 89±18 vs. 35±17, all P<0.05], and the increase in level of indexes was more significant in AECOPD group than that in the SCOPD group (all P < 0.01). Serum S100B was significantly positively correlated with PCT, IL-18, PMN and PAP (r value was 0.36, 0.41, 0.39, 0.35, all P<0.05), and plasma PCT was also significantly positively correlated with PMN and PAP (r value was 0.41, 0.37, both P<0.05). Conclusion The level of serum S100B might have positive obvious correlation to the changes of plasma PCT, cytokines and PAP.