Objective To study the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) on in aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Blood pressure and its mechanism 52 elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis divided into two groups, HBP group (23 cases with hypertension) and NBP group(29 cases without hypertension). The plasma vasoactive substances were measured by radioimmunological methods. Fifteen cases in NBP group as EPO group were given a bolus of venous injection of rHuEPO (3 000 IU), others in NBP group (14 cases) were injected 0.9% saline as control group. The plasma vasoactive substances were assayed before and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30, 44 hours after therapy with or without rHuEPO. Results (1) The plasma dopamine (DA) in HBP group were significantly higher than that of NBP group. (2) Endothelin levels increased transiently but DA levels increased steadily in EPO group. Conclusions The study suggests that the effect of rHuEPO induced on hypertension in the elderly patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is associated with the increasing plasma DA.

Objective To investigate effective dosage of ACEI in renoprotective effect in primary glomerular dieases.Method In 154 patients with primary glomerular diseases,we performed a 4 month therapy,including 40 cases with high or low doses of captopril and 51 cases with high or low doses of cilazapril and 45 cases with high low doses of enalapril,and 18 cases with amlodipine as control.Mean arterial pressure (MAP),uninary protein,urinary albumin excretion rate and renal function were measured at basis and after 1,2,3,4 month of therapy,and ACE gene polymorphism was determined in these patients.Result 1.There were no difference on ACE gene polymorphism and diet protein and diet salt among control group and different ACEIs group;2.The antiproteinuria and the effect on renal function were same between patients with high and low dose of different ACEIs.Conclusion The low dose of ACEI has the same renoprotective effect as general dose in primary glomerular diseases.

Objective To screen out useful monitors of heparin therapy in glomerular diseases.Methods In 40 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients and 39 chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients,we implemented a bolus venous injection of heparin 1500 U,and measured the parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis by ELISA at basis and 30 minutes,2 hours after injection.Result After injection with heparin,the levels of prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PF1+2),thrombi-antithrombin Ⅲ (TAT),fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and coagulative factor X (FX) activity significantly decreased,but the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and the other parameters of coagulation-fibrinolysis didn't change in either the DN patients or the CGN patients.Conclusion The level of PF1+2,TAT,FPA and XF activity are valuable monitors in heparin therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane on the expression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β) and β-catenin in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the hippocampus of developing rats.Methods Twenty-four 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 15-20 g,were divided into 2 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and 2％ isoflurane group (group Ⅰ).Group C inhaled 30％ oxygen for 4 h.Group Ⅰ inhaled 2％ isoflurane in 30％ oxygen for 4 h.Six rats were randomly selected from each group,and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 200 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected immediately before anesthesia to assess the proliferation of NSCs in the hippocampal dentate gyrus.The rats were sacrificed at 6 h after the end of anesthesia,and hippocampi were isolated for determination of the number of BrdU positive cells in the dentate gyrus (by immunohistochemistry) and expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin in hippocampal tissues (by Western blot analysis).Results Compared with group C,the number of BrdU positive cells was significantly decreased,and the expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin was down-regulated in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Conclusion Isoflurane can inhibit the proliferation of NSCs in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of developing rats,and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of the expression of p-GSK-3β and β-catenin.

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on Wnt3a expression in the hippocampus of developing rats.Methods Twenty-four 7-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 125-155 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),4 h inhalation of 2％ isoflurane group (group I4),and 6 h inhalation of 2％ isoflurane group (group I6).The rats were sacrificed at 6 h after the end of treatment in each group,and the hippocampi were removed for determination of Wnt3a mRNA expression (by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) and Wnt3a expression (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the expression of Wnt3a and Wnt3a mRNA in hippocampi was significantly up-regulated in I4 and I6 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I4,the expression of Wnt3a in hippocampi was significantly up-regulated (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of Wnt3a mRNA in hippocampi in group I6 (P＞0.05).Conclusion The mechanism of isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity is probably related to upregulation of Wnt3a expression in the hippocampal tissues of developing rats.

Objective To investigate the HLA antibody incidence and type renal recipients with different age, and to study the echaracteristics in different age patients, for clinical reference to forecast renal rejection in different age patients. Methods With serum dated from January 2006 to June 2008, patients were classified into three groups: young group, with age below 35 years; middle age group, with age from 36 to 50 years; and old group, with age above 50 years. Penel reactive antibody (PRA) were detected using ELISA. Results Pretransplant HLA antibody incidences in the young, middle age, old group were 18.18%, 23.00% and 6.19%, respectively. In young group, HLA antibody incidences were 5.59% and 8.51% in male and female respectively. In middle age group, they were 21.30% and 25.38% in male and female respectively. In old group, they were 11.36% and 25.00% respectively. HLA Ⅰ and HLA Ⅰ + Ⅱ antibodies were mainly found in all the three groups in pretansplant. Conclusion HLA Ⅰ and HLA Ⅰ + Ⅱ antibodies were mainly found in pretransplant. Antibody incidence was higher in patients who had more than once renal transplant than that in transfusion and pregnancy female. Antibody incidence is higher in female than that in male.

Objective To analyze the sensitized factors in urinemia patients who waiting for renal transplantation.Methods 2429 patients with urinemia from April 2002 to December 2008 were subjected to the detection of panel reactive antibody, and classified into 5 groups according to their clinical data:(A) no history disease group (n = 1097) who never experienced transfusion, pregnancy and transplantation; (B) Transfusion group (n = 361) who received transfusion more than 200 ml; (C) Pregnancy group (n = 481) who experienced pregnancy; (D) Transfusion+ pregnancy group (n= 294) who experienced both pregnancy and transfusion; (E) Re-transplantation group (n = 196) who experienced failed transplantation before, and waited for the second renal transplantation.Results All the males in group A were negative for PRA, and females were weakly positive for HLA Ⅱ antibody.The incidence of PRA production in group B was 15.24 % (55/361).Thirty-nine patients were positive for PRA in group C with the incidence being 8.11 % (39/481).The PRA positive rate in groups D and E was 30.61 % (90/294) and 70.92 % (139/196) respectively.PRA intensity was more than 60 % in 72 patients in group E.Conclusion Transfusion and pregnancy caused lower incidence of PRA positive rate.The incidence was much higher in transfusion + pregnancy patients than that in patients with transfusion or pregnancy alone.Graft caused the higher incidence of PRA than by transfusion and pregnancy.

Background and purpose: Currently, intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has become the adjuvant therapy of cancer. The study was to establish the daily quality assurance (QA) program and analyze dosimetric characteristics’ long-term stability for mobile IORT accelerator. Methods:The QA program of this study included two parts:safety and functionality and energy and output. The two years’ QA datasets were acquired and analyzed to investigate the stability of energy and output. Results:All safety and functionality tests passed on a daily basis. The energy index was (0.666±0.015)mm, (0.839±0.009)mm, (0.781±0.010)mm, (0.724±0.009)mm and the output dose error was (0.511 ± 0.671)%, (0.278 ± 0.516)%, (0.368 ± 0.532)%, (0.382 ± 0.912)%for all energy, respectively. There was no signiifcant time trend in the dosimetric characteristics. Conclusion:The daily QA program is suitable for mobile IORT accelerator. The long-term stability is acceptable for IORT in clinical use.

Objective To determine the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in aldosterone-induced rat mesangial cells (RMCs) proliferation. Methods RMCs were obtained from intact glomeruli of 4- to 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats and characterized according to published methods. RMCs between passages 5 and passages 10 were used. Protein levels of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in RMCs were analyzed by Western blotting. The cells were divided into the following groups: control group, PD98059 (10 (μmol/L) group, eplerenone (1 μmol/L) group, aldosterone (100 nmol/L) group, aldosterone (100 nmol/L) +PD98059 (10 μmol/L) group, aldosterone (100 nmol/L)+eplerenone (1 μmol/L) group. ERK1/2 activity was measured by Western blotting. Cell proliferation of RMCs was evaluated by [3H]-thymidine uptake measurements.Results MR protein expression in RMCs was confirmed by Western blotting. Aldosterone activated ERK1/2, and the maximal ERK1/2 activation induced by aldosterone was at a concentration of 100 nmol/L. Aldosterone (100 nmol/L)-induced activation of ERK1/2 peaked at 10 minutes (P＜0.05).Pretreatment with a selective MR antagonist eplerenone (1 μmol/L) significantly attenuated aldosterone-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Aldosterone (100 nmol/L) treatment for 30 hours increased [3H]-thymidine incorporation of RMCs (135% ±8% of controls, P ＜0.05). Cellular proliferation induced by aldosterone could be prevented by pretreatment with eplerenone or an ERK (MEK) inhibitor PD988059. Conclusion Aldosterone induces RMCs proliferation through MR and ERK1/2 activation, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of glomerular mesangial injury.

The computer access, such as special mouse keyboard, software of the voice input and the magnified or reading screen, etc., can facilitate the people with disabilities to use the computer more efficiently. The computer access adaption should be evaluated to meet the users' needs, their function and the circumstances in which they live. The products should be easily designed, remade, and used for the cus-tomers and the prices should be available. For China, it is important to form professional teams, establish the good service process, achieve more supports, especially financial support, to research and develop more varieties of products.