Objective To find the key proteins associated with metastasis of ovarian cancer, and find potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets of this malignancy. Methods A comparative proteomic strategy, in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis separation and mass spectrometry identification, was adopted to search for proteome alternations in an ovarian cancer mother cell line HO-8910 and its highly metastatic cell subline HO-8910PM. Results Twenty-one significantly different spots (two-fold increase or decrease) were detected between the two cell lines, of which 17 candidate proteins were successfully identified and characterized. Compared with those in HO-8910 mother cell line, 16 proteins were significantly up-regulated, while 5 proteins down-regulated in the highly metastatic cell subline HO-8910PM. The seventeen identified proteins could be functionally classified into 7 groups as following: zinc finger protein, calcium-binding protein, DNA repair and synthesis protein, cell regulatory protein, metabolism-related protein, cell surface antigen, cell signals and transducing protein. Conclusions The results suggest that an obviously differential proteomic expression exists between the human ovarian cancer mother cell line HO-8910 and highly metastatic cell subline HO-8910PM. It provides a clue for further identification of metastasis-related proteins, novel diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic targets of this malignancy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed flexible,deflectable tip ureteroscope for the management of renal calyceal calculi. Methods We designed an actively deflectable tip, flexible ureteroscope for the treatment of renal calyceal calculi.From 2003 to 2004,25 patients with renal calyces calculi underwent deflectable,flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy with holmium laser.Of them, 7 had concomitantly upper ureteral calculi.The mean diameter of the renal caliceal calculi was 1.3 cm (range,0.8-2.4 cm);and the mean diameter of the upper ureteral calculi was 0.6 cm (range,0.4-0.9 cm).The disease course ranged from 1 to 38 months with a mean of 17 months.Thirty days after the procedure, KUS showed no remnant fragmented calculi≥0.1 cm,suggesting clearance of the calculi.The completion rate of the procedure, lithotripsy rate and operative complications were analyzed. Results The procedure was successful in all the 25 patients with mean operative time of 28 min (range,19-45 min).The mean lithotripsy time was 11 min (range,5-22 min).No severe complication such as perforation of the ureter occurred during operation.The mean hospital stay was 3 d.The overall stone-free rate at 1 month after treatment was 92%(23/25). Conclusions The flexible,deflectable tip ureteroscope has the advantages of both rigid and flexible ureteroscopes,thus it is safe and effective in lithotripsy, especially for renal calyceal calculi of relatively small size.

Aim To detect the effect of Bio on impro-ving insulin resistance and explore its molecular mech-anism. Methods The HepG2 liver cells were derivat-ed by high concentration insulin to establish the insulin resistance cell model, and the cells were intervened by Bio. The glucose consumption was measured by glu-cose oxidase and peroxidase ( GOD-POD) assay. The expression of PPARγmRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of PPARγ protein was detected by Western blot method. Results The glucose consump-tion was significantly decreased in the insulin resist-ance cells after incubated with 1 . 72 × 10 -5 mol · L-1 insulin ( P<0. 05 ) . 10 -5 ,10 -6 ,10 -7 mol · L-1 Bio increased the glucose consumption 135%,62%,39%separately in the insulin resistance cells. RT-PCR a-nalysis of PPARγ showed that Bio raised the PPARγmRNA. Western blot analysis displayed that the pro-tein of PPARγ with Bio was increased. Conclusion Bio can improve the insulin resistance of the HepG2 cells, and the molecular mechanism may be relevant with raising PPARγ expression.

Objective:To investigate the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in metastasis of renal cell carcinoma and to observe the intracellular location of different CXCR4 segments in renal carcinoma cells.Methods:The potential nuclear localization sequences of different CXCR4 were discovered by nuclear localization software and experiments.Full length and truncated forms of CXCR4 were fused with green fluorescent protein pEGFP-N1 and their influence on subcellular localization was examined by confocal microscopy after transfecting them into renal carcinoma cell line A498.Results:Analysis with PSORT Ⅱ Prediction revealed that the nuclear localization sequence region of CXCR4 was located between amino acids 146 and 149(RPRK).Expression products of the recombinant plasmids with SDF-1 stimulation,including EGFP-CXCR4(1-510 bp),EGFP-CXCR4(1-765 bp) and wild-type EGFP-CXCR4,were mainly located in the cell nuclei.However,expression product of EGFP-CXCR4(1-267 bp) with SDF-1 stimulation was mainly located in the renal cell cytoplasm.Expression product of wild-type EGFP-CXCR4 full length plasmid without SDF-1 stimulation was mainly located in the cell cytoplasm;these results accorded with the results of bioinformatics analysis.Conclusion:Nuclear localization sequence of CXCR4 is located in the amino acids 90 to 170,which provides a theoretical basis for further clarifying the nuclear localization sequences of CXCR4 in renal cell carcinoma cells and for finding new potential target for inhibiting the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which interacts with tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) receptor or binds neurotrophic factors. It mediates a variety of complex signal transduction pathways, induces synaptic growth and affects cell survival. After acute cerebral ischemia, p75 NTR binds effector factors such as pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) and sortilin, activating downstream apoptotic signal molecules and leading to neuronal death. Therefore, elucidating the pathways and molecular mechanisms of p75 NTR that mediate neuronal apoptosis in acute cerebral ischemia is of great significance for the development of new therapeutic drugs for acute cerebral ischemia.

Objective To assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO) on indolent prostate cancer on a murine model. Methods Human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 ceils were injected into 40 severe combined-immunodeficient mice. They were randomized to undergo 20 sessions of either HBO or normobarie air in standardized conditions, and observed for 4 weeks before the histological assess-ment of any palpable tumors developed. The analysis parameters included tumour volume, microvessel density, apoptosis markers (p53, p27) and proliferative index (Ki-67). Results On the 28th day af-ter tumor vaccination, the tumor volume was (425.8±13.9)mm3 in HBO group and (433.6±12.8) mm3 in normobaric air group (P>0.05). Mierovessel density and Ki-67, p53, p27 protein expression were 69.7±9.5, (55. 2±6. 7)%, (31.9±5. 3)%, (80. 4±5. 7)% in HBO group;77. 1±8. 7, (50.6±7.3)%, (30.5±4. 7)%, (85.3±6.4)% in norrnobaric air group, respectively. There were no significant differences in both groups (P>0. 05). Conclusions HBO does not accelerate the growth of indolent prostate cancer in murine model. This result suggests that HBO does not increase the risk of residual prostate cancer reactivation when it is used to manage radiation-induced hemorrhag-ic cystitis in patients treated by pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

There is especial request for medical ethics of urology which is different from other dis-ciplines. Medical ethical education must be paid equal attention to expertise culture. And suitable guide wrong value. Practice suggested that we should do as follows : to be strictch by word and deed and to be the first to set an example ; to think by trans- ; to enrich teaching form and to strengthen effects of studying.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) forupper ureterie calculi or renal calculi without keeping nephrostomy drainage. Methods A total of240 patients with upper ureteric calculi or renal calculi undergoing PCNL were selected and randomizedto receive no nephrostomy drainage (Group A,120 patients) or a standard (14 F) nephrostomy drain age (Group B,120 patients) after lithotripsy was finished. Inclusion criteria included no urinary infec tion history,one stage operation,single percutaneona tract,no operative bleeding and no need for see ond percutaneous operation. The pain score,the number of patients requiring postoperative analgesiaand the incidence of urine leakage as well as postoperative hospital stay time of the 2 groups were not ed and compared. Results Compared with Group B,patients in Group A got lower pain scores at6 h,1 d and 2 d after the operation (4.2±1.5,2.1±1.6 and 1.2±1.0 vs 5.5±2.4,3.9±1.5 and2.5±1.5,respectively,P<0.01),with fewer patients requiring postoperative analgesia (15.0% vs26.7%,P<0.05),lower incidence of urine leakage (2.5% vs 23.3%,P<0.01) and shorter postop erative hospital stay (1.7±0.6 dvs 3.1±1.1d,P<0.01). Conclusion For selected patients,takeaway nephrostomy drainage right after PCNL could be considered as an effective method to get lesspostoperative pain,lighter economic burden and shorter recovery time.

Objective To explore the causes of more frequently happened painful prostate biopsy at the prostatic apex rather than at other areas of the gland and develop maneuvers to avoid this painful apical prostate biopsy. Methods The prostate apical biopsy needle ptmeture sites in the rectum were recorded and accessed. Two maneuvers were developed to avoid the pain. There were 3 groups in this clinical trail. Ten patients in the control group were performed the apical biopsies routinely without any maneuver. Ten patients in the anal canal local anesthesia group were exposed to local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine injected into anal canal ventral hemieyele prior inserting the ultrasound probe, then the ultrasound guided apical biopsies were performed. Fifteen patients were assigned to the rectal pain sensation test group. In this group, the dentate line ot anal canal was detected before the biopsy needle was aimed at apex and touched the rectal mucosa lightly. There would be no painful sensation if the puncture was above the dentate line and the painful sensation would be sharp if the puncture was below the dentate line. Then the apical biopsy was performed above the dentate line. All patients were offered apical prostate biopsies and then other areas of prostate would be biopsied. Patients were asked to score the visual analog scale (VAS) immediately after the prostate apical biopsy. Results The VAS score of apical biopsy in 3 groups were 4. 46±1.24 in control group, 1.84± 0. 75 in anal canal local anesthesia group, 1.98±0. 67 in rectal pain sensation test group (P<0.05), respectively. So, patient would have painful sensation if the prostate apical biopsy puncture site was below the rectal dentate line. The VAS score of patient was 5.24±0.83 at the time of applying the anal canal local anes thesia. There was no significant difference comparing to the control group (P>0. 05). In this study, there was 1 patient with crissum pain after biopsy in control group and 1 patient in anal canal local anesthesia group, separately. 1 patient suffered high fever (38.4 ℃) in rectal pain sensation test group. Conclusions The prostate biopsy puncture site below or above the dentate line decides if it will be a painful prostate apical biopsy or not. We can significantly decrease the painful sensation by aim the puncture sites above the anal canal dentate line. The application of anal canal anesthesia can decrease pain score caused by prostate biopsy. However, this application itself can provoke obvious pain. So the application of anal canal anesthesia has limited role in patient's pain control during the prostate biopsy.

Objective To report the experience on the ureteroscopic treatment of ureteral fibro-epithlial polyp by Holmium:YAG laser resection.Methods Of five cases,the polyp was located in the upper 1 third of the ureter in 2 cases,and in middle 1 third or ureter in 2 cases,in lower 1 third of ureter in 1 case.The length of the polyps ranged from 3 to 16 cm.Three patients presented with flank pain,4 with hematuria and 1 with hydronephrosis.Five patients underwent rigid ureteroscopic treat-ment.TUR was performed in the 2 polyp cases with prolapsing from the ureteral orifice.A Holmium:YAG laser was used to resect ureteral polyps.At the end of the procedure,a 7 F double-J ureteral stent was placed and indwelling for 6- 8 weeks.Results All operations were successfully done.The pathologic diagnosis were fibroepithelial polyp.Histologically,the polyps were composed of a central fibrovascular core surrounded by hyperplastic benign urothelium.The stroma of polyp consis-ted of fibrous connective tissue with minimal cellular infiltration,and occasional epithelial cell nests were seen.The average length of hospital stay was 3 d (range 2 to 5).The mean follow-up was 24 months (range 3 to 51),and all patients remained no recurrence.One patient developed a ureteral stricture 3 months after the treatment,and relieved by endoscopic incision by Holmium:YAG laser.Conclusion Endoscopic management of ureteral fibroepithelial polyps could be a treatment modality with minimal morbidity and good treatment results.