Objective To investigate the distribution of school students' HBsAg in Xianju county, and the effect of the Hepatitis B vaccine in terms of students' HBV infection after the implementation of planned immunization. Methods HBsAg was tested by ELISA, and then analyze the students' HBsAg carrier rate. Results The positive rate of students' HBsAg in Xianju county was 2.28%. There was no significant difference between boys and girls.The HBsAg-positive rate is highest in high school and secondary in junior school and lowest in primary school, there was significant difference in different grades (P<0.05). The HBsAg-positive rate was increased with increasing age. Conclusion Xianju county achieved remarkable results in the prevention of Hepatitis B in children and adolescents in recently 20 years. Hepatitis B vaccine immunization program is the main effective measures to prevent Hepatitis B infection in children.

Objective To construct a design of northwest region army pilot health management based on modularization, which will provide basis for the management of army pilot health management. Methods Using Delphi method, three rounds of questionnaires were done within 30 experts, to build the design of northwest region army pilot health management based on modularization, which contained information module, management module, implementation module, update module and system flow module. Results The experts′ authority coefficient was 0.850, coefficient of determination was 0.865, and familiar coefficient was 0.870. The design of northwest region army pilot health management was determined to contain 5 first-level indicators, 19 secondary indexes. The coordination coefficients of the three level indicators were 0.624 and 0.543,respectively, and the contrast of coordination coefficients had statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions The design of northwest region army pilot health management based on modularization constructed by Delphi method is proved to be scientific, reliable and practical, which can provide the basis for the health management of northwest region army pilot.

Objective To explore the efficacy and the safety of clinical trials of pemetrexed combined with carboplatin and gemcitabine with carboplatin in treating advanced NSCLC of the elderly patients.Methods A total of one hundred and twenty-eight elderly patients with advanced NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups(n=64).The PC group in which patients were treated with pemetrexed combined with carboplatin,and the GC group in which patients were treated with gemcitabine combined with carboplatin.The effects and the safety were assessed by the following indexes, treatment efficiency,side effects,LCSS. Results The treatment efficiency of the PC group and the GC group were 34.38% and 31.25% after chemotherapy.The difference was no statistically significant between two groups.The difference of LCSS was no statistically significant between two groups.Except hair loss,the incidences of nausea and vomiting,leukopenia,thrombocytopenia and neurotoxicity (grade III-IV )in the PC group (6.25%,3.13%,4.67%,7.81%)were significant lower than those in the GC group(17.18%,20.31%,15.63%,18.75%)(P<0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rates of the PC and GC groups were 46.2% VS 46.8% and 13.3% VS 12.5%,respectively,with a median survival of 12.1 VS 1 1.3 months,without a statistically significant difference between two groups.Conclusion PC and GC show similar efficacy for elderly NSCLC patients,however,the toxicities in PC patients are lower than those in GC patients.Thus,pemetrexed combined with carboplatin is an effective therapeutic regimen for advanced NSCLC in elderly patients.

Objective To design nursing occupational safety and health curriculum reasonably.Methods With a semi-structured interview outline,focus group interviews among eight clinical nursing and nursing education specialists were conducted to develop the occupational safety and health curriculum design.Results It was important to set up nursing occupational safety and health curriculum.The main object,contents,teaching and evaluation methods were identified.Conclusions Occupational safety and health curriculum can be involved in nursing curriculum system to reduce occupational hazards and maintain physical and mental health of nursing students.

AIM: To study the expression of c-jun in brain stem following moderate lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats, and to observe the temporal patterns of its expressions following percussion.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, sham operation control and injury groups. The rats of injury group subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (0.2 mPa), and then were subdivided into 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h groups according to the time elapsed after injury. The expression of c-jun was studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: After percussion for 15 min, Jun positive neurons increased in brain stem progressively, and peaked at 12h. At 5min after percussion, the induction of c-jun mRNA was increased, and remained elevated up to 1h-2h after brain injury. CONCLUSION: The induction and expression of the c-jun in brain stem after fluid percussion brain injury were increased rapidly and lasted for a long time.

AIM: To study the expression of c-fos mRNA in brain following moderate lateral fluid percussion brain injury in rats, and to observe the temporal patterns of its expression following percussion. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control, sham operation control and injury group. The rats of injury group subjected to moderate lateral fluid percussion injury (0.2 mPa). The injury groups were then subdivided into 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h groups according to the time elapsed after injury. The expression of c-fos mRNA was studied with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) semi-quantitatively.RESULTS: At 5 min after percussion, the induction of c-fos mRNA was increased, and remained elevated up to 2 h after brain injury.CONCLUSION: The induction and expression of the c-fos mRNA in cortex and brain stem after fluid percussion brain injury were increased rapidly.

Objective To study the temporo-spatial changing laws of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)in the rat model of sciatic nerve ligation.Methods Totally 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group(n=6)and experimental groups which survived for 1,3,5,7,14,21,28 d respectively after sciatic nerve ligation(n=6 at each time point).The distribution and quantity of CGRP in sciatic nerve,dorsal root ganglion(DRG)and spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemistry and image analysis methods.Results A large amount of CGRP piled up in the sciatic nerve at 1 d after the ligation,significantly higher in proximal segment than that in distal segment,gradually dropping till disappear basically at 14 d in proximal segment and at 7 d in distal segment.The expression of CGRP in DRG at 7 d began to drop after the ligation,at 21 d to the minimal value and at 28 d lower than normal.The CGRP-immunoreactivety in ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn at 14 d decreased after operation,but the immuno-positive areas of CGRP were of no changes.There are no changes in the CGRP-positive spinal ventral motoneurons of all groups.Conclusion The changes of CGRP presented a temporo-spatial pattern following peripheral nerve legation,maybe resulting from the deficiency of neurothrophins from target organs.

From September 2002 to May 2006, five patients ( age range, 24 to 46; mean, 32) with tibial defect underwent transplantation of free latissmus dorsi osteocutaneous flap using bridge-like vascular anastomosis. All the osteocutaneous flaps survived without any serious complications, and tibial defects were improved completely. After 1.5 to 4.5 years' follow-up ( mean, 2.6), no remarkable dysfunction was found at donor sites, and local injury was reduced. This study indicates that transplantation of free latissmus dorsi osteocutaneous flap using bridge-like vascular anastomosis might be useful in leg reconstructive surgery if only one vessel is remained.

Objective Salidroside is a major active component of integripetal rhodiola herbal medicine, which has a significant activity against hypoxia and ischemia.This study was to investigate the effects of side chain carbon losssalidroside analogues (N04) on the expressions of HIF-1α-related factors in the hypoxia-injured EAhy926 human vascular endothelial cells.Methods EAhy926 human umbilical vein endothelial cells in the logarithmic growth phase were randomly divided into a normal control, a hypoxia model control, a salidroside, a high-dose N04, a medium-dose N04, and a low-dose N04 group.The hypoxia model was established by depriving the culture medium of sugar and serum and culturing the EAhy926 cells in an environment of 95%N2+5%CO2 for 2 hours, followed by intervention with salidroside at 1×10-6 mol/L and N04 at 1×10-6, 1×10-7, and 1×10-8 mol/L, respectively.Then, the activity of the cells was detected by MTT assay, their LDH activity examined by spectrophotometry, the mRNA expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF measured by RT-PCR, the protein expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and pVHL determined by Western blot, and the activity of eNOS measured by ELISA.Results Compared with the normal control group, the hypoxia model cells showed significantly reduced activity (0.51±0.05 vs 0.27±0.02, P<0.01), an elevated LDH level ([6.65±1.43] vs [78.82±2.33] U/L, P<0.01), and decreased eNOS activity ([1.56±0.23] vs [1.16±0.20] U/100 mL, P<0.01).In comparison with the hypoxia model group, the cells treated with high-, medium-, and low-dose N04 exhibited remarkably increased activity (0.27±0.02 vs 0.0.42±0.05, 0.40±0.03 and 0.37±0.04, P<0.01), a reduced LDH level ([78.82±2.33] vs [53.05±3.90], [58.42±4.45] and [62.73±3.63] U/L, P<0.01), and increased eNOS activity ([1.16±0.20] vs [3.01±0.47], [2.60±0.26] and [2.32±0.29] U/100 mL, P<0.01).The activity of eNOS was also increased in the salidroside group ([2.32±0.29] U/100 mL, P<0.01).The cell activity in the high-and medium-dose N04 groups was markedly higher than that in the salidroside group (P<0.05), and so was the eNOS activity in the high-dose N04 group and the LDH level in the medium-and low-dose N04 groups (P<0.05).In comparison with the normal control group, the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA, HIF-1α protein and VEGF protein were significantly up-regulated in the hypoxia model group (P<0.01) while that of the pVHL protein markedly down-regulated (P<0.01).Compared with the hypoxia model group, the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA, HIF-1α protein and VEGF protein were remarkably reduced (P<0.05), while that of the pVHL protein markedly elevated (P<0.05).Both the expressions of VEGF mRNA and HIF-1α protein were significantly lower in the medium-and low-dose N04 groups than in the salidroside group (P<0.05).Conclusion N04 can protect vascular endothelial cells against hypoxia-induced injury by regulating the expression of HIF-1α-related factors and eNOS.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dexamethasone (Dex) on bone quality in rats. Thirty-one SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, Control (7 with saline), Dex-L (8 with 1 mg Dex. / kg), Dex-M (8 with Dex. 2.5 mg/kg), Dex-H (8 with Dex. 5 mg/kg), with tail injection, twice per week for 8 weeks. All the rats were killed then. Their proximal tibia were processed into undecalcified sections and measured for bone histomorphometry. The content of Ca2+ and hydroxyproline in their left ulnars were tested. Bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical property of the thigh bone were tested to observe the qualities of bone. Compared to the control group, the bodyweights of the rats in different Dex treatment Groups decreased remarkably. Percent labeled perimeter (%L. Pm), Mineral apposition rate(MAR), Bone formation rate (BFR/BV) and so on reduced significantly. Percent trabecular area (%Tb. Ar) and Trabecular number (Tb. N) were obviously higher while Trabecular separation (Tb. sp) was remarkablely lower than those of the control group. BMD in Dex-L and the content of hydroxyproline in Dex-M reduced notablely. Biomechanical property of Dex groups decreased significantly. Dex suppressed bone formation and reduced bone turnover significantly. As the increase doses of Dex, %Tb. Ar increased, and, on the contrary, BMD and biomechanical property decreased with the reduced matrix in bone at the same time. It suggested that non-mineralized bone formation increased and biomechanical property deceased. The doses of 1 mg/kg Dex had the most obvious effect on bone quality. This dose slightly increased %Tb. Ar, however, bone formation, bone biomechanical property and matrix in bone decreased obviously. Diffferent doses of Dex have different effects on bone qualities. However the dose has no direct influcing ratio to the bone qualities.
Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibia ; metabolism ; pathology