Objective To study the epidemiological features of patients for emergency transport so as to enhance the control level of pre hospital emergency treatment. Methods Investigations were made of 956 cases of patients for emergency transport in the authors hospital in 2000～2001 and their epidemiological features analyzed. Results Among the 956 cases, males outnumbered females, patients within the age group of 20 to 39 numbered 391, accounting for 40.9%, and patients within the age group of 50 to 69 numbered 400, accounting for 41.8%. Of all the cases, ordinary ones numbered 671(70.2%),critical ones numbered 241(25.2%), and cases that died numbered 44(4.6%). The first three diseases demanding emergency transport were successively craniocerebral wound(17.4%), cerebrovascular disease(16.0%), and cardiovascular disease(13.5%). The periods for emergency transport ranged mainly from 9:00 to 12:00 and from 15:00 to 18:00. The sources of emergency cases were successively township hospitals(53.8%), hospitals at the county level(26.0%), and hospitals at the city level(20.2%). Conclusion Control of pre hospital emergency treatment needs to be strengthened according to the epidemiological features of patients for emergency transport.

Objective In order to provide best nursing services to transfusion patients in OPD, demands of transfusion patients in OPD and cognition of nurses to these demands were investigated. Methods By us-ing self- designed questionnaires which were modified and evaluated by specialists. Its coefficients of relia-bility and validity were above 0.91. Information about demands of transfusion patients in OPD and cognition of nurses to these demands were gathered and statistically analyzed. Results The investigation results showed that demands of patients in OPD were much higher than nurses' perceptibility. And there were dif-ferences among all kinds of patients. Conclusions Transfusion patients in OPD need better services. There exists differences between demands of patients and cognition of nurses to these demands. In order to give better nursing services, nurses should give intensive care to patients on safe, love and home, respect and self- actualization.

Background and purpose: Gap junctions(GJ) could enhance cytotoxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents. However, whether or not GJ composed of connexin 43 (Cx43) could increase etoposide cytotoxicity remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of GJ composed of Cx43 on etoposide cytotoxicity in testicular cancer cells. Methods: Eighteen-glycyrrhetinic acid and siRNA were used to inhibit GJ function. Retinoid acid was used to enhance GJ function.“Parachute”dye-coupling assay was used to examine dye spread through GJ composed of Cx43 in MLTC-1 cells. “Standard colony-forming assay” was used to examine cell survivals of MLTC-1 cells treated with etoposide. Results: Assayed by “parachute” dye-coupling assay, the dye spread through GJ in MLTC-1 cells was significantly decreased by 18-glycyrrhetinic acid however increased by retinoid acid. Cx43 expression and GJ function in MLTC-1 cells were inhibited by Cx43-siRNA. Results from “standard colony-forming assay” showed that etoposide cytotoxicity was decreased by 18-glycyrrhetinic acid and siRNA, however enhanced by GJ function enhancer retinoid acid. Conclusion:The function inhibition of Cx43 composed GJ in MLTC-1 cells could decrease etoposide cytotoxicity. The enhancement of GJ composed of Cx43 in MLTC-1 could increase etoposide cytotoxicity.

Objective To discuss the effects of Modic II changes on clinical outcomes of discectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) with low back pain associated with unilateral sciatica. Methods Sixty-five cases of LDH with low back pain associated with unilateral sciatica received single segment discectomy during January 2007 to January 2009.There were 30 cases with Modic Ⅱ changes in group A, 35 cases without Modic Ⅱ changes in group B. Assessed the clinical outcomes by using MacNab analyzing system and visual analog scale (VAS). Results Two groups of the postoperative clinical symptoms had significant relief, the follow-up of 12 - 36 months, average (20.6 ± 7.5) months. MacNab efficacy evaluation by group A of optimal 10 cases (33.33%), good 17 cases (56.67%), general 3 cases (10.00%). Group B optimal 28 cases (80.00%), good 5 cases (14.29%), general 2 cases (5.71%), there was significant difference in fine rate (P<0.05). Preoperative group A VAS was ( 8.67 ± 0.30) scores, group B was (8.60± 0.32 ) scores (P>0.05). Postoperative group A VAS was (2.63 ± 1.30) scores,group B was (1.09 ±0.50) scores (P< 0.05). Conclusion Modic Ⅱ changes may be one of the reasons which cause the residual low back pain after the discectomy for LDH.

In the reformation,we have applied the technique of multimedia to the experiments,which has made the nonobjective theories simplified and the key and difficult points in teaching aesy to understand and increased the content of teaching in the limited teaching hours.It has proved that we achieved a good effect in teaching.

Objective To study the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance caused by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in ovarian cancer cells and its related signal pathways. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines A2780(IL-6 receptor positive, while non-IL-6-expressing and cisplatin/paclitaxel-responsive) and SKOV3 cell lines( overexpressing of IL-6 receptor and IL-6 and cisplatin/paclitaxel-resistant) were suitable models for this study. The effect of exogenous (a short period of treatment with recombination IL-6) and endogenous IL-6(by transfecting with plasmid encoding for sense IL-6 ) in A2780 cells or deleting of endogenous IL-6expression in SKOV3 cells (by transfecting with plasmid encoding for antisense IL-6) on the sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel was investigated. Meanwhile, the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance caused by IL-6 in ovarian cancer cells and its related signal pathways were also analyzed. Results We found that both exogenous and endogenous IL-6 induce cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance in non-IL-6-expressing A2780 cells (the resistance multiple to cisplatin and paclitaxel was: exogenous, 6. 25 and 7.31; endogenous, 7. 13 -8. 34 and 7. 61 - 10. 70), while deleting of endogenous IL-6 expression in IL-6-overexpressing SKOV3 cells promotes its sensitivity to anticancer drugs ( the resistance multiple to cisplatin and paclitaxel was 0. 15 and 0. 10, 0. 10 and 0. 08). IL-6 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of mRNA and protein of drug resistance-associated genes, MDR1 and GST-π, and apoptosis-inhibiting genes, bcl-2, bcl-xL and XIAP in a dose-dependent manner in A2780 cells. In accordance with this finding, the mRNA and protein levels of MDR1 and GST-π enhanced in sense IL-6-transfected A2780 cells, and reduced in antisense IL-6-transfected SKOV3 cells compared with the corresponding parental and control vector-transfected cells, which had no difference. It was found that PD98059 [ mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signalregulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor ] and wortmannin [ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor ]significantly antagonized IL-6-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK ) and protein kinase B (Akt), respectively, and both of them blocked IL-6-induced cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance and the inhibitory effects of PD98059 and wortmannin were dependent on its concentration.Conclusions These data suggest that IL-6-induced chemoresistance may be associated with increase of both drug resistance-associated genes ( MDR1 and GST-π) and apoptosis-inhibiting genes ( bcl-2, bcl-xL and XIAP), and activation of MEK/ERK and PL3K/Akt. Therefore, modulation of IL-6 expression or its related signaling pathway may be a promising strategy of treatment for drug-resistant ovarian cancer.

Objective:To explore a crown form classification method for upper central incisor which is more objective and scientific than traditional classification method based on the standardized photography technique.To analyze the relationship between crown form of upper central incisors and papilla filling in periodontally healthy Chinese Han-nationality youth.Methods:In the study,180 periodontally healthy Chinese youth (75 males,and 105 females )aged 20 -30 (24.3 ±4.5)years were included.With the standardized upper central incisor photography technique,pictures of 360 upper central incisors were ob-tained.Each tooth was classified as triangular,ovoid or square by 13 experienced specialist majors in prothodontics independently and the final classification result was decided by most evaluators in order to ensure objectivity.The standardized digital photo was also used to evaluate the gingival papilla filling situation.The papilla filling result was recorded as present or absent according to naked eye observation. The papilla filling rates of different crown forms were analyzed.Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 19.0.Results:The proportions of triangle,ovoid and square forms of upper central incisor in Chinese Han-nationality youth were 31.4% (113 /360),37.2% (134 /360)and 31.4% (113 /360 ), respectively ,and no statistical difference was found between the males and females.Average κvalue be-tween each two evaluators was 0.381.Average κvalue was raised up to 0.563 when compared with the final classification result.In the study,24 upper central incisors without contact were excluded,and the papilla filling rates of triangle,ovoid and square crown were 56.4% (62 /110),69.6% (87 /125 ), 76.2% (77 /101)separately.The papilla filling rate of square form was higher (P =0.007 ).Conclu-sion:The proportion of clinical crown form of upper central incisor in Chinese Han-nationality youth is obtained.Compared with triangle form,square form is found to favor a gingival papilla that fills the inter-proximal embrasure space.The consistency of the present classification method for upper central incisor is not satisfying,which indicates that a new classification method,more scientific and objective than the present one,is to be found.

To study the chemical constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma, nine phenolic acids were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-imino-di-benzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), gallic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), (E)-caffeic acid (5), ethyl trans-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (6), caffeic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 23(S)-12-O-caffeoyl-12-hydroxyllauric acid glycerol ester (9), separately. Among them, 1 and 9 are new compounds, and 3, 4, and 6 were isolated from Drynaria species for the first time.

This study was aimed to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of Coix prolamin, which occupied the highest content in total protein of it, and then evaluate the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the corresponding hydrolysates. Pepsin was used to hydrolyze prolamin and OPA method was applied to determine the degree of hydrolysis. The optimum conditions of hydrolyzing prolamin were obtained by orthogonal design subse-quently. The ACE inhibitory activity of small molecular weight (less than 3 kD) peptides gained by ultrafiltration of the hydrolysates was assayed by RP-HPLC method. The result showed that the optimized hydrolysis conditions were substrate concentration of 1%, enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:5 and hydrolysis duration for 48 h. The hydrolysates exhibited an ACE inhibitory ratio of (83.40 ± 0.93)% at the concentration of 0.1 mg·mL-1. It was concluded that prolamin hydrolysates displayed a high ACE inhibitory activity in vitro, which provided guidance for further research of antihypertensive component and development of functional food from Coix.

Objective To investigate the correlation of plasma interleukin ( IL)-17 level and IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) expression in the thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).Methods The blood samples of 63 patients (38 with glucocorticoid treatment, 25 with thymus removal) who admitted to Henan Provincial People′s Hospital between 2010 and 2014 were collected at three different stages: pre-treatment, 1 week post-treatment and 1 month post-treatment.The blood samples of 42 healthy controls were also collected.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate the levels of IL-17 in plasma.Twenty-five thymus tissues from MG patients and another 12 thymus tissues from patients with congenital heart disease who had surgery therapy were also collected.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the mRNA levels of IL-17R.The possible correlation between the expression of IL-17 and IL-17R with MG was analyzed.Results Before treatment, the levels of IL-17 in the plasma were much higher in all the MG patients ( both ocular and generalized) when compared to the healthy controls ( controls (3.2 ±0.7) pg/ml, MG patients (8.5 ±1.7) pg/ml, t =2.450, P <0.01; generalized type patients (9.7 ±1.4) pg/ml, t =2.532, P <0.01).In the patients with glucocorticoid treatment, IL-17 levels began to reduce after 1 week treatment and a statistically significant difference was found when compared to the pre-treatment samples (pre-treatment (8.3 ±1.2) pg/ml, 1 week after treatment (6.3 ±0.7) pg/ml, t=2.052, P<0.05) and healthy controls (t =1.933, P<0.05).One month after the glucocorticoid treatment, the levels of IL-17 decreased to the normal level (1 month after treatment (3.9 ±0.6) pg/ml, t=2.630, P <0.01, compared to the pre-treatment; t =1.395, P >0.05, compared to the healthy controls).In the surgery therapy cases, the IL-17 levels were also reduced after the thymus removal ( pre-surgery (8.8 ±1.4) pg/ml, 1 week after surgery (5.3 ±0.7) pg/ml, t=1.950, P<0.05;1 month after surgery (3.0 ±0.4) pg/ml, t=2.683, P<0.01).In the thymus tissues of the MG patients, the mRNA levels of IL-17R were much higher than that of the controls ( relative level 2.31 folds, t =2.682, P <0.01).Meanwhile, a positive correlation was found between the plasma IL-17 levels and the relative IL-17R levels in thymus tissues ( r =0.945 4, P <0.01 ).Furthermore, IL-17 was positively correlated with quantitative myasthenia gravis scores (QMGS) either pre-treatment (r =0.798 1, P <0.01) or post-treatment (r=0.906 5, P<0.01).And IL-17R was positively correlated with QMGS pre-treatment (r=0.775 5, P<0.01).Conclusions IL-17 is increased in the plasma of MG patients (both ocular and generalized) , and is decreased upon the glucocorticoid treatment or surgery therapy, suggesting that it can be used as a parameter to determine the therapeutic effects.IL-17R is increased in the thymus tissues of MG patients, suggesting that it can potentially be used as a pathological diagnosis parameter.