Objective To explore the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of primary malignant pericardial mesothelioma (PPM).Methods Cases of PPM with description of echocardiographic presentations from China mainland were searched from database during 1981 to 2015.Data about the clinical and echocardiographic features of the patients were collected.Results A total of 122 patients were included for analysis.It involved mainly middle-aged [(39.9 ± 14.7)years] and male patients (79,64.8％).The most common echocardiographic demonstration was pericardial effusion (74.6％) with were mostly bloody (97.7％),followed by pericardial masses (36.9％) and pericardial thickening (18.0％).The echocardiographic diagnostic accordance rate was about 26.2％.Conclusions The most common presentation of PPM on echocardiogram is massive pericardial effusion.Echocardiography is of great value in screening and assessment of PPM.The definitive diagnosis is made by histopathological examination.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) attributed it to theXiaoke disease andBizheng, with the views ofLuo disease and its TCM patterns differentiation. Based on the treatment for deficiency,Tongluo drugs were added and they made good curative effect. Recently the TCM researches on it have been deepened in the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment, experimental and clinical research, which showed some new under standings. Thus, this paper summarized the relevant researches.

Objective To evaluate the ability of high resolution pleuropulmonary ultrasonography and bedside chest X-ray in identifying different pathologic abnormalities in patients with dyspnea,using thoracic computed tomography (CT) as a gold standard.Methods Bedside pleuropulmonary ultrasonography was performed in 350 dyspneic patients in the emergency department and ICU,111 patients were enrolled in the study with pleuropulmonary ultrasonography,chest X-ray and chest CT examination performed within 24 hours.Pathologic entities were evaluated:pleural effusion,consolidation,atelectasis,pneumothorax,pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,and pulmonary edema.The sensitivity,specificity,negative and positive prediction value of pleuropulmonary ultrasonography and chest X-ray were compared with the corresponding CT scan results.Results Pleuropulmonary ultrasonography was highly concordant with chest X-ray.Overall ultrasonography exhibited higher sensitivity than chest X-ray and CT for pleural effusion.For atelectasis and pulmonary edema,the sensitivity of ultrasonography was up to 100%.In the diagnosis of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis,the sensitivity of pleuropulmonary ultrasonography was higher than that of chest X-ray,but the specificity was slightly lower.The sensitivity of pleuropulmonary ultrasonography was slightly higher than that of chest X-ray in pneumothorax,and the specificity was coincident with chest X-ray.Although the sensitivity of ultrasonography was slightly lower for consolidation,it was still higher than chest X-ray.The ability of chest X-ray for differentiating pleural effusion from atelectasis or consolidation was worse than that of ultrasonography.Conclusions Our study demonstrates a high concordance between ultrasonography with radiography.The diagnostic performance of bedside pleuropulmonary ultrasonography is better than that of chest X-ray.

Objective To investigate the sleep structure of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the differences among subtypes of ADHD.Methods Ninety children with ADHD were diagnosed in Department of Neurology, the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics between June 2012 and June 2013, including 75 boys and 15 girls,6-14 years old [(9.5 ± 2.4) years old], and among them there were 55 cases of ADHD-combined type, 25 cases of ADHD-inattentive type, and 10 cases of ADHD-hyperactive impulsive type.Thirty healthy children whose age and sex matched with ADHD group,came from Beijing and the surrounding area,were selected as the healthy control group,including 23 boys and 7 girls,6-14 years old [(9.2 ± 2.9) years old].Two groups underwent full overnight sleep assessment.Results The latency of rapid eye movement(REM) in children with ADHD was (146.58 ± 47.28) minutes, and the sleep latency was 19.00 minutes [(8.25-37.50) minutes];while the latency of REM in healthy control group was (87.55-± 13.59) minutes, and the sleep latency was 9.00 minutes [(3.50-13.63)minutes].Compared with healthy control group, children with ADHD demonstrated the increased latency REM and sleep latency, and decreased sleep efficiency,the increasing times of awakening and total duration,and these differences were all statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of non-rapid eye movement(NREM) phase Ⅱ in ADHD hybrid was lower than the ADHD attention-deficit(t =2.012,P ＜ 0.05).Sleep latency in ADHD attention-deficit was longer than the ADHD hybrid(t =2.964,P ＜ 0.05).No statistical differences were found among the various types in other indicators.The prevalence of periodic limb movements in sleep(PLMS) was 27.78％ (25/90 cases) in ADHD group and the prevalence of PLMS was 3.30％ (1/30 cases) in the healthy control group.The differences in prevalence between 2 groups were statistically significant (x2 =8.053, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Children with ADHD significantly display more problems with sleep.Sleep latency and NREM Ⅱ are different between ADHD attention-deficit and ADHD hybrid.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for left atrial appendage (LAA) spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) or thrombosis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF) and normal left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF).Methods This study prospectively enrolled 255 patients with NVAF [paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PaAF) 196 cases and persistent atrial fibrillation(PeAF) 59 cases].Patients were divided into two groups according to the findings on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE):positive group with the presence of the LAA SEC or thrombosis (group Ⅰ) and negative group (group Ⅱ) without this two presences.The clinical and echocardiographic data were compared between the two groups.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent risk factors for development of LAA SEC or thrombosis.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to determine the predictive value of the factors.Results A total of 255 patients were enrolled.There were 26 cases(10.2％) in group Ⅰ,and 229 cases (89.8％) in group Ⅱ.The age,NT-proBNP,occurrence rate of PeAF,left atrial volume index(LAVI),and LAA orifice long diameter and depth were higher in group Ⅰ than those in group Ⅱ (all P ＜0.01).The left atrial appendage emptying velocity(LAAV),global left atrial longitudinal strain(GLALS) and LVEF were lower in group Ⅰ compared with those in group Ⅱ (all P ＜ 0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis and ROC curve showed that GLALS＜12.2％ and LAAV＜ 31.2 cm/s were independent risk factors of LAA SEC or thrombosis in patients with NVAF and perserved LVEF.Conclusions The impairment of left atrial and LAA function are potential risk factors for cardiogenic embolism.GLALS and LAAV can be used as useful referenced parameters for prediction of stroke in patients with NVAF.

Objective To evaluate the application value of whole exome sequencing (WES) in diagnosis of NDDs (neuro-developmental disorders) children.Metheod WES was used for the diagnosis of 35 unexplained NDD children, which admitted to the outpatient and ward of Children′s hospital affiliated to Capital institute of pediatric from November 2015 to November 2016.These children′s clinical data was collected detailedly.Using bioinformatics software tools combining with patient′s phenotype, the candidate genetic/genomic variants of these patients were identified from WES data.The final pathogenicity of genetic/genomic variants was interpreted according to the guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), meanwhile, the variants validation and co-separation analysis in the parents and their family members were performed by Sanger sequencing, real time-PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA).Results 14 pathogenic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and three pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in the 35 NDD children, the detection rate in this study is 48.6%.Among the 14 pathogenic SNVs, 11 of them are the definite NDD-related genes according to OMIM database (such as CHARGE syndrome, Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, etc.), and six of them are de novo (6/11, 54.6%).Three pathogenic CNVs were identified from WES data, including two microduplications and one microdeletion.Meanwhile, a female child carrying a frame shift mutation in MECP2 was found and the germline mosaicism with low-frequency mutation of this site (8.4%) was confirmed by his father's sperm.Conclusions The diagnosis rate of WES in NDDs children is 48.6% in our small-sample study.In addition to pathogenic/likely pathogenic SNVs, CNVs can be detected successfully from WES data, which effectively improved the diagnosis yield in NDDs children.

Objective To explore the impact of hypothyroidism on left ventricular ( LV ) mechanics using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging ( 2D-STI ) . Methods Forty-two patients with newly diagnosed overt hypothyroidism ( HT ) were prospectively collected as the case group and 47 subjects matching by age ,gender and hypertension history were enrolled as control group . All participants received comprehensive echocardiography examination ,and 2D-STI was used to assess LV global longitudinal strain ( GLS) and mechanical dispersion ( MD ) . The inter-group difference in GLS and MD ,correlations with thyroid hormones and reproducibility were evaluated . Results LV GLS at both sectional ( apical 4- ,3- ,2-chamber views) and global levels were significantly impaired in the HT group than the control group [ ( - 21 .3 ± 3 .2) ％ vs ( - 23 .9 ± 2 .9) ％ ,( - 20 .4 ± 3 .8 ) ％ vs ( - 22 .7 ± 2 .9 ) ％ ,( - 21 .2 ± 3 .9) ％ vs ( - 23 .9 ± 2 .5) ％ ,( - 20 .9 ± 3 .4) ％ vs ( - 23 .5 ± 2 .3) ％ ;all P < 0 .01] . Similarly ,MD at both sectional ( apical 4- ,3- ,2-chamber views) and global levels were significantly prolonged in the HT group than the control group[ 3 .4 ms vs 0 .9 ms ,2 .2 ms vs 0 .7 ms ,2 .3 ms vs 1 .7 ms and 12 .2 ms vs ( 5 .9 ± 2 .6) ms ;all P < 0 .01] . No significant correlation was found between MD and GLS ,left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) ( r = 0 .12 , P = 0 .27 ; r = - 0 .17 , P = 0 .10) . Weak correlations were found between MD and FT3 ,FT4 ,TSH( r = - 0 .34 , P = 0 .01 ; r = - 0 .38 , P = 0 .005 ; r = 0 .31 , P = 0 .02) . Conclusions Primary overt HT is associated with impaired LV deformation and increased systolic dyssynchrony . LV MD is a promising parameter for assessment of myocardial impairment in HT .

Objective:Based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, to screen a panel of plasma metabolite biomarkers for TB diagnosis and evaluate its diagnostic efficacy.Methods:102 active TB patients [49 males, 53 females, age 40.0(24.0, 48.5) years] from Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Shanghai East Hospital from January 2017 to January 2018, 100 TB-IGRA positive patients [55 males, 45 females, age 44.0(37.0, 52.0) years] and 96 healthy controls [55 males, 41 females, age 43.0(32.2, 52.8) years] from Shanghai East Hospital were randomly enrolled. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology was used to detect small molecule metabolites in plasma. Combined with multivariate statistical methods VIP and univariate statistic analysis Student's t-test, the main differential metabolites in the plasma of patients with active tuberculosis were filtered. The ROC curve was analyzed for the differential metabolites, and the AUC value, specificity, and sensitivity for diagnosis were used to screen metabolic biomarkers with diagnostic potential. Results:All the samples examined resulted in 10 266 variables, and 1 153 substances were identified by qualitative retrieval through the human metabolome database. After pairwise comparison of samples from the three groups, differential metabolites that simultaneously satisfied VIP > 1 and P<0.05 were plotted into a Venn diagram, and the resulting intersection set contained 38 major differential metabolites. The ROC curve analysis of 38 major metabolites showed that the area under the curve of lactic acid, dopamine, 9-pentadecenoic acid, and 12,13-dihydroxy octadecadienoic acid in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis were 0.92, 0.98, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively, the specificity was both more than 90% and the sensitivity was both more than 80%. The specificity and sensitivity of four metabolites in the combined diagnosis of active tuberculosis were both 94%. Conclusion:Lactic acid, dopamine, 9-pentadecenoic acid, and 12, 13-dihydroxy octadecadienoic acid can be used as potential metabolic biomarkers for tuberculosis diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the application of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the reducing treatment of bronchial asthma.Methods From October 2015 to September 2016,60 asthmatic patients with FeNO＞25 ppb were randomized into FeNO group and control group with 30 cases in each group.Patients in both groups were treated with combined inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta 2 agonist (ICS/LABA) starting with low doses;the dosage was adjusted according to the symptom control alone in control group,while in FeNO group the dosage was adjusted according to the symptom control and FeNO level.After 1 year-follow up,the Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores,Asthma Life Questionnaire (mini AQLQ)scores,pulmonary function,FeNO levels,blood eosinophil counts,total IgE,hierarchical control level,cumulative corticosteroid use and cumulative months of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) use were compared before and after treatment within group,and between two groups.Stratified analysis was carried out in the patients complicated with allergic rhinitis.Results After treatment,ACT scores,mini AQLQ scores and FEV1/pred (％) were significantly higher than those before treatmentin both groups (t=10.755,10.189,8.632 and 13.311,8.102,12.456,respectively,all P＜0.05),while the FeNO,EOS and total IgE levels were significantly lower than those before treatment (t=8.005,3.313,3.924 and 8.967,3.885,3.270,respectively,all P＜0.05),and the numbers of patients with good control were significantly increased (Z=-5.035 and-4.976 respectively,P＜0.05).Compared with control group,FeNO level was lower,mini AQLQ scores of symptom scores and emotional scores were higher and the average numbers of asthma attacks per patient per year were less after treatment in FeNO group (t=2.912,4.214,4.589,U=2.154,all P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in cumulative corticosteroid use and cumulative months of LTRA use between two groups (U=564.000 t=1.921 and 0.165,respectively,P＞0.05).For patients complicated with allergic rhinitis,the numbers of acute asthma attack were increased and the cumulative dosage of systemic corticosteroid use was higher in control group than those in FeNO group (both P＜0.05).Conclusion The reducing treatment strategy based on FeNO level and symptom control is of clinical value for patients with bronchial asthma,especially for those complicated with allergic rhinitis.

Objective To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs,rs4565946 and rs4570625) of tryptophan hydroxylase2 (TPH2) gene with Tourette's syndrome (TS) in Beijing Han population.Methods One hundred and forty-nine patients with TS,diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2009 to January 2011,were chosen; these patients were sub-divided into mild symptoms group (n=25) and moderate to severe symptoms group (n=87) according to the scores of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS); another 125 healthy children,collected at the same time period,were used as control group.MassARRAY iPLEX GOLD System was used to detect the two SNPs (rs4570625 and rs4565946) of TPH2 gene.Genotype distribution and allele fiequencies of these two group patients were compared.Transcription factor binding sites of TPH2 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by the web site of transcription factor binding sites for function prediction.Results For rs4565946,individuals with the TT genotype showed a significantly higher risk of TS than those with TC plus CC genotypes (OR=3.077,95％CI:1.273-7.437; P＜0.05); as did male TS children with the TT genotype (OR=3.228,95％ CI:1.153-9.040; P＜0.05).Further association analyses showed that G allele of rs4570625 in children of moderate to severe symptoms group had significantly higher frequency than that in controls among the male children (OR=1.684,95％:1.097-2.583; P＜0.05).Children of moderate to severe symptoms group had significantly higher frequencies of rs4546946 TT genotype than normal controls in males (OR=3.292,95％ CI:1.139-9.513; P＜0.05).Bioinformatics method indicated that the G genotype of rs4570625 mutated from T genotype might affect the binding ability of its transcription factor with its promoter in TPH2 gene.Conclusions TT genotype of rs4565946 is a potential genetic risk factor for TS.Allele G ofrs4570625 might be associated with the severity of tic symptoms in boys.These polymorphisms might be susceptibility loci for TS.