OBJECTIVE: To Investigate the effects of lithocholic acid (LCA) on the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). METHODS: Twelve 10-week-old SPF C57BL/6J female mice were randomly divided into an experimental group (undergoing bilateral ovariectomy) and a control group (only removing the same volume of adipose tissue around the ovaries), with 6 mice in each group. The body mass was measured every week after operation. After 4 weeks post-surgery, the weight of mouse uterus was measured, femur specimens of the mice were taken for micro-CT scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction to analyze changes in bone mass. Tibia specimens were taken for HE staining to calculate the number and area of bone marrow adipocytes in the marrow cavity area. ELISA was used to detect the expression of bone turnover markers in the serum. Liver samples were subjected to real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) to detect the expression of key genes related to bile acid metabolism, including cyp7a1, cyp7b1, cyp8b1, and cyp27a1. BMSCs were isolated by centrifugation from 2 C57BL/6J female mice (10-week-old). The third-generation cells were exposed to 0, 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L LCA, following which cell viability was evaluated using the cell counting kit 8 assay. Subsequently, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and oil red O staining were conducted after 7 days of osteogenic and adipogenic induction. RT-qPCR was employed to analyze the expressions of osteogenic-related genes, namely ALP, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin (OCN), as well as adipogenic-related genes including Adiponectin (Adipoq), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the body mass of the mice in the experimental group increased, the uterus atrophied, the bone mass decreased, the bone marrow fat expanded, and the bone metabolism showed a high bone turnover state. RT-qPCR showed that the expressions of cyp7a1, cyp8b1, and cyp27a1, which were related to the key enzymes of bile acid metabolism in the liver, decreased significantly ( P<0.05), while the expression of cyp7b1 had no significant difference ( P>0.05). Intervention with LCA at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μmol/L did not demonstrate any apparent toxic effects on BMSCs. Furthermore, LCA inhibited the expressions of osteogenic-related genes (ALP, Runx2, and OCN) in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in a reduction in ALP staining positive area. Concurrently, LCA promoted the expressions of adipogenic-related genes (Adipoq, FABP4, and PPARγ), and an increase in oil red O staining positive area. CONCLUSION After menopause, the metabolism of bile acids is altered, and secondary bile acid LCA interferes with the balance of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs, thereby affecting bone remodelling.
Female ; Mice ; Animals ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/pharmacology* ; PPAR gamma/metabolism* ; Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cell Differentiation ; Osteogenesis ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; Bile Acids and Salts/pharmacology* ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Azo Compounds

Hip fracture is considered as the most severe osteoporotic fracture characterized by high disability and mortality in the elderly. Improved surgical techniques and multidisciplinary team play an active role in alleviating prognosis, which places higher demands on perioperative nursing. Dysfunction, complications, and secondary impact of anaesthesia and surgery add more difficulties to clinical nursing. Besides, there still lack clinical practices in perioperative nursing for elderly patients with hip fracture in China. In this context, led by the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association, the Expert consensus on clinical practice in perioperative nursing for elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2023) is developed based on the evidence-based medicine. This consensus provides 11 recommendations on elderly patients with hip fracture from aspects of perioperative health education, condition monitoring and inspection, complication risk assessment and prevention, and rehabilitation, in order to provide guiding advices for clinical practice, improve the quality of nursing and ameliorate the prognosis of elderly patients with hip fracture.

The oral microbial community is widely regarded as a latent reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms of 35 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains isolated from the dental plaque of a healthy human population. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) revealed that all the isolates were nonsusceptible to oxacillin and penicillin G. Most of them were also resistant to trimethoprim (65.7%) and erythromycin (54.3%). The resistance to multiple antibiotics was found to be largely due to the acquisition of plasmid-borne genes. The mecA and dfrA genes were found in all the isolates, mostly dfrG (80%), aacA-aphD (20%), aadD (28.6%), aphA3 (22.9%), msrA (5.7%), and the ermC gene (14.3%). Classical mutational mechanisms found in these isolates were mainly efflux pumps such as qacA (31.4%), qacC (25.7%), tetK (17.1%), and norA (8.6%). Multilocus sequence type analysis revealed that sequence type 59 (ST59) strains comprised 71.43% of the typed isolates, and the eBURST algorithm clustered STs into the clonal complex 2-II(CC2-II). The staphyloccoccal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type results showed that 25 (71.43%) were assigned to type IV. Moreover, 88.66% of the isolates were found to harbor six or more biofilm-associated genes. The aap, atlE, embp, sdrF, and IS256 genes were detected in all 35 isolates. This research demonstrates that biofilm-positive multiple-antibiotic-resistant ST59-SCCmec IV S. epidermidis strains exist in the dental plaque of healthy people and may be a potential risk for the transmission of antibiotic resistance.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Methicillin ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; isolation & purification ; Staphylococcal Infections ; diagnosis ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to establish a standardized protocol for detection of ALK protein expression and gene fusion in cytologic specimens.

METHODSLung adenocarcinoma cytologic specimens were collected from seven hospitals in Beijing city. A detection protocol for ALK protein expression and gene fusion was designed according to the results of comparative experiment. Ventana immunohistochemical (IHC) ALK(D5F3) detecting ALK protein expression was performed in 203 prepared formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) cell blocks. ALK gene fusion in 98 EGFR gene wild type cytologic specimens and in 4 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BL) samples was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). ALK gene fusion in the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) positive samples was further tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Six patients with ALK IHC-positive result were followed up to analyze the responses of crizotinib therapy. Comparative experiments: (1) Comparison of the results of 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed for different time (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) on the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) staining was conducted in two cases of IHC ALK positive FFPE cell blocks; (2) Comparing qRT-PCR results for ALK fusion in samples from FFPE cell blocks and cytospin prepared slides in 10 cases of lung adenocarcinoma cytologic specimens.

RESULTSAmong the specimens examined using the standardized protocol recommended by this study, 229 cases of cytologic specimens met the diagnostic criteria of lung adenocarcinoma. Among them, 207 cases obtained ALK gene test results (by at least one method), with an ALK test ratio of 90.4% (207/229). FFPE cell blocks were successfully prepared in 203 cases, Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) were successfully performed in all the 203 FFPE cell blocks (100%), and the ALK protein positive detection rate was 10.3% (21/203). ALK fusion was tested in 98 FFPE cytologic samples of EGFR wild types by qRT-PCR, and 96 out of 98 (97.96%) cytologic samples were successfully performed.18 out of 19 IHC ALK-positive cases were verified to be of ALK fusion status by qRT-PCR. The concordance rate was 94.7% (Kappa=0.967, P<0.001) between Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) and qRT-PCR, and the sensitivity of the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) assay compared with qRT-PCR was 100% and the specificity was 98.7%. FISH assay was used to verify the positive cases detected by Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) staining. Two cases of low tumor cell content FFPE samples obtained indefinite results by FISH test. The six patients with positive ALK protein expression received crizotinib therapy, and 5 paitents got treated effectively. For two ALK IHC positive cases, which were 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed for 72 h, the result of Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) staining became weakened obviously and uneven. In 10 cases of samples, total RNA was extracted from FFPE cytologic sections and cytospin prepared slides, and the results of qRT-PCR test and ALK gene fusion showed good concordance.

CONCLUSIONSThe standardized protocol recommended in this study expands the detection types and quantity of cytologic specimens for ALK protein expression and gene fusion and increased the detection rate. Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) is a reliable method for detecting ALK protein expression in FFPE cell blocks. The pathologic quality control procedure prior to Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) is crucial for the accuracy of testing the ALK gene status. When FFPE cell blocks could not be prepared or prepared unsuccessfully from the cytologic specimens, qRT-PCR may be an alternative option for the detection of ALK gene fusion.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Fusion ; Genes, erbB-1 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Proteomics ; Pyrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Pyridines ; therapeutic use ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of masking therapy for the early stage of the patients with noise-induced tinnitus,and imply the treatment for patients with noise-induced tinnitus. METHOD: Sixty-eight cases with tinnitus were studied. All the patients took the audiological examinations and tinnitus tests firstly, and accepted the masking therapy for 6 months. The therapeutic effiency was evaluated according to tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) and subjective visual-analogue scale (VAS). The minimum masking intensity was also evaluated. RESULT: The majority of the patients with noise-induced tinnitus (59 cases, 86. 8%) had tinnitus frequency of 4 kHz,and most of them (44 cases, 64. 7%) had positive residual inhibition tests. Tinnitus completely disappeared in 3 cases after masking therapy, and the efficiency of this treatment is 83. 8%. There was significant difference in the scores of THI and VAS before and after therapy(P<0. 01), and there was also significant difference in the minimum masking intensity (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION Masking therapy is the most important treatment for the patients in the early stage of noise-induced tinnitus. The therapeutic effiency is significant and should be promoted.
Humans ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Tinnitus ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize nystagmus of patients with posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in positioning test,and to improve the diagnosis and treatment of posterior canal BPPV (PSC-BPPV). METHOD: The present study was conducted on 175 patients who had unilateral BPPV of the posterior semicircular canal (PSC). Their positional nystagmus recorded by videnonystagmography in Dix-Hallpike test,roll test and roll over test were analyzed to summarize the characteristics of nystagmus on nystagmograph of PSC-BP-PV. RESULT: Of the 175 patients, lesion was located in the left PSC in 69 (39.4%) patients,the right PSC in 106 (60. 6%)patients. The nystagmus of patients with PSC-canalithiasis showed upward on the vertical phase of nystagmograph and orientated the different side on horizontal phase in the head hangging position. The horizontal phase pointed to the contralateral side in 47(26. 9%) patients, the ipsilateral contralateral side in 100(57. 1%) patients,no significant reverse ingredients in 28(16.0%) patients. When these patients returned to sit,139(79.4%) patients showed down beating positioning nystagmus, whereas 36 (20. 6%) patients with no nystagmus only had a short vertigo or dizziness. The horizontal phase of the 139 patients pointed to the contralateral side in 40(22. 9%) patients,the ipsilateral contralateral side in 68(38. 9%) patients,no significant reverse ingredients in 31(17. 7%) patients. In roll test,12 patients of the right PSC-BPPV presented an up-beating rotatory nystagmus when the head turned to right,and 5 patients of the left PSC-BPPV presented a down-beating rotatory nystagmus when the head turned to left. When the patients changed body from the left lateral position to the right lateral position in the roll over test, 74(42. 3%) patientsshowed vertical positioning nystagmus. In 30 patients who presented an up-beating nystagmus, there were 25(83. 3%) patientscame from the right PSC-BPPV. In 44 patients who presented a down-beating nystagmus, there were 36(81. 8%) patientscame from the left PSC-BPPV. The direction of the vertical nystagmus was highly correlated with the judgment about the side of the PSC-BPPV in roll over test (P<0. 01). CONCLUSION The patient with PSC-canalithiasis showed an uncertain direction in torsional nystagmus in Dix-Hallpike test,the diagnosis was mainly concern with the vertical nystagmus. When we found a rotatory nystagmus with much more up-beating nystagmus in roll test, it might be PSC-BPPV. We also can use the roll over test to diagnose the location of the otolith in which side of the PSC-BPPV.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ; complications ; Dizziness ; Electronystagmography ; Face ; Head ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Physiologic ; Otolithic Membrane ; Patient Positioning ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a standardized protocol for detection of ALK protein expression and gene fusion in cytologic specimens. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma cytologic specimens were collected from seven hospitals in Beijing city. A detection protocol for ALK protein expression and gene fusion was designed according to the results of comparative experiment. Ventana immunohistochemical ( IHC) ALK( D5F3) detecting ALK protein expression was performed in 203 prepared
formalin?fixed paraffin?embedded ( FFPE) cell blocks. ALK gene fusion in 98 EGFR gene wild type cytologic specimens and in 4 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BL ) samples was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT?PCR). ALK gene fusion in the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) positive samples was further tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) . Six patients with ALK IHC?positive result were followed up to analyze the responses of crizotinib therapy. Comparative experiments:( 1) Comparison of the results of 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed for different time ( 24 h, 48 h, 72 h) on the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) staining was conducted in two cases of IHC ALK positive FFPE cell blocks;(2) Comparing qRT?PCR results for ALK fusion in samples from FFPE cell blocks and cytospin prepared slides in 10 cases of lung adenocarcinoma cytologic specimens. Results Among the specimens examined using the standardized protocol recommended by this study, 229 cases of cytologic specimens met the diagnostic criteria of lung adenocarcinoma. Among them, 207 cases obtained ALK gene test results ( by at least one method), with an ALK test ratio of 90.4% (207/229).FFPE cell blocks were successfully prepared in 203 cases, Ventana IHC ALK ( D5F3) were successfully performed in all the 203 FFPE cell blocks ( 100%) , and the ALK protein positive detection rate was 10.3% (21/203). ALK fusion was tested in 98 FFPE cytologic samples of EGFR wild types by qRT?PCR, and 96 out of 98 ( 97. 96%) cytologic samples were successfully performed.18 out of 19 IHC ALK?positive cases were verified to be of ALK fusion status by qRT?PCR. The concordance rate was 94.7% ( Kappa=0.967, P<0.001) between Ventana IHC ALK( D5F3) and qRT?PCR, and the sensitivity of the Ventana IHC ALK ( D5F3) assay compared with qRT?PCR was 100%and the specificity was 98. 7%. FISH assay was used to verify the positive cases detected by Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3) staining. Two cases of low tumor cell content FFPE samples obtained indefinite results by FISH test. The six patients with positive ALK protein expression received crizotinib therapy, and 5 paitents got treated effectively. For two ALK IHC positive cases, which were 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed for 72 h, the result of Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3) staining became weakened obviously and uneven. In 10 cases of samples, total RNA was extracted from FFPE cytologic sections and cytospin prepared slides, and the results of qRT?PCR test and ALK gene fusion showed good concordance. Conclusions The standardized protocol recommended in this study expands the detection types and quantity of cytologic specimens for ALK protein expression and gene fusion and increased the detection rate. Ventana IHC ALK( D5F3) is a reliable method for detecting ALK protein expression in FFPE cell blocks. The pathologic quality control procedure prior to Ventana IHC ALK( D5F3) is crucial for the accuracy of testing the ALK gene status. When FFPE cell blocks could not be prepared or prepared unsuccessfully from the cytologic specimens, qRT?PCR may be an alternative option for the detection of ALK gene fusion.

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a standardized protocol for detection of ALK protein expression and gene fusion in cytologic specimens. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma cytologic specimens were collected from seven hospitals in Beijing city. A detection protocol for ALK protein expression and gene fusion was designed according to the results of comparative experiment. Ventana immunohistochemical ( IHC) ALK( D5F3) detecting ALK protein expression was performed in 203 prepared
formalin?fixed paraffin?embedded ( FFPE) cell blocks. ALK gene fusion in 98 EGFR gene wild type cytologic specimens and in 4 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( BL ) samples was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT?PCR). ALK gene fusion in the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) positive samples was further tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) . Six patients with ALK IHC?positive result were followed up to analyze the responses of crizotinib therapy. Comparative experiments:( 1) Comparison of the results of 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed for different time ( 24 h, 48 h, 72 h) on the Ventana IHC ALK (D5F3) staining was conducted in two cases of IHC ALK positive FFPE cell blocks;(2) Comparing qRT?PCR results for ALK fusion in samples from FFPE cell blocks and cytospin prepared slides in 10 cases of lung adenocarcinoma cytologic specimens. Results Among the specimens examined using the standardized protocol recommended by this study, 229 cases of cytologic specimens met the diagnostic criteria of lung adenocarcinoma. Among them, 207 cases obtained ALK gene test results ( by at least one method), with an ALK test ratio of 90.4% (207/229).FFPE cell blocks were successfully prepared in 203 cases, Ventana IHC ALK ( D5F3) were successfully performed in all the 203 FFPE cell blocks ( 100%) , and the ALK protein positive detection rate was 10.3% (21/203). ALK fusion was tested in 98 FFPE cytologic samples of EGFR wild types by qRT?PCR, and 96 out of 98 ( 97. 96%) cytologic samples were successfully performed.18 out of 19 IHC ALK?positive cases were verified to be of ALK fusion status by qRT?PCR. The concordance rate was 94.7% ( Kappa=0.967, P<0.001) between Ventana IHC ALK( D5F3) and qRT?PCR, and the sensitivity of the Ventana IHC ALK ( D5F3) assay compared with qRT?PCR was 100%and the specificity was 98. 7%. FISH assay was used to verify the positive cases detected by Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3) staining. Two cases of low tumor cell content FFPE samples obtained indefinite results by FISH test. The six patients with positive ALK protein expression received crizotinib therapy, and 5 paitents got treated effectively. For two ALK IHC positive cases, which were 4% neutral buffered formalin fixed for 72 h, the result of Ventana IHC ALK(D5F3) staining became weakened obviously and uneven. In 10 cases of samples, total RNA was extracted from FFPE cytologic sections and cytospin prepared slides, and the results of qRT?PCR test and ALK gene fusion showed good concordance. Conclusions The standardized protocol recommended in this study expands the detection types and quantity of cytologic specimens for ALK protein expression and gene fusion and increased the detection rate. Ventana IHC ALK( D5F3) is a reliable method for detecting ALK protein expression in FFPE cell blocks. The pathologic quality control procedure prior to Ventana IHC ALK( D5F3) is crucial for the accuracy of testing the ALK gene status. When FFPE cell blocks could not be prepared or prepared unsuccessfully from the cytologic specimens, qRT?PCR may be an alternative option for the detection of ALK gene fusion.

Objective To evaluate the depressed mood status of nurses from 2009 to 2013 in China,and to provide evidence for launching psychological health education.Methods PubMed,VIP database,the CNKI database were searched to find the published literatures about the detection of depressed mood among nurses from January 2009 to December 2013.According to exclusion criteria the studies were screened,and the qualities of included studies were evaluated and Meta-analysis software was used for Meta-analysis.Results Totally 633 literatures were included.After screening a total of 583 literatures were excluded,after further study on the full text of literature,eventually 30 literatures were included,a total of 12 626 people,6 946 cases were detected with depressed mood.The Meta-analysis results showed that the total depressed mood detection rate was 42.5％.There was no significant difference among genders,working years,and educational background; but ages may play a role in occurrence of depression.Conclusions Depressed mood of Chinese nurses was significantly higher than the general population,and older nurses were suffered from more serious depression.