Objective:This study analyzes the clinicopathological characteristics, pathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ovarian small cell carcinoma (SCCO). Methods:The medical records of SCCO patients in the Cancer Hospital of Peking Union Medical College between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed. Results:The mean age of patients was 43. 75 years old (ranging from 17 to 57), two cases were postmenopausal, and one case was less than 30 years old. Twenty-one patients had FIGO stageⅠ, whereas three cases had stageⅢto Ⅳ. Three cases were classified as pulmonary type. Forty-three patients received cytoreductive surgery, and one underwent fertili ty-conserving surgery. All patients were postoperatively treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, whereas three cases received Paclitaxel plus Carboplatin. No patient received adjuvant radiotherapy. One patient died nine months after the initial diagnosis, and one died 12 months after the initial diagnosis. The other two cases remain alive with no evidence of recurrence after follow up at 7 and 30 months after diagnosis. Conclusion:SCCO is a rare ovarian tumor with high malignancy potential and thus has poor prognosis. The clinical manifestations of SCCO resemble those of epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemistry can be used for differential diagnosis. The standard SCCO treatments are cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. The optimal chemotherapy regimen requires further research.