Objective To investigate gene expression of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in local bony callus in traumatic brain injury combined with extremity long bone fracture in rats.Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomized into 2 even groups: the experimental group were models of traumatic brain injury combined with extremity bone fracture and the control group were models of simple extremity bone fracture. Samples of bony callus were harvested at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks in both groups, each time from 10rats respectively, for detection of gene expressions of TGF-β by reverse transcription PCR techniques.Results Levels of gene expression of TGF-3 in local bony callus in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group at one week ( P ＜ 0. 05); but significantly lower at 3 weeks( P ＜ 0. 05) .Peak values occurred at 2 week in both groups, though, significantly higher than at other times, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups( P ＞ 0. 05) .Conclusion Changes in gene expression of TGF-β in local bony callus in traumatic brain injury combined with extremity long bone fracture indicate that TGF-β may play a role in the process of increased fracture healing.

Objective To investigate the estradiol (E2) prolactin (PRL) levels in young females with cerebral trauma combined with extremity long tubular bone fracture. Methods E2 and PRL were detected in 39 young females with cerebral trauma combined with extremity long tubular bone fracture (experimental group) and 42 young females with just extremity long tubular bone fracture (control group) at 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 10 to 14, 28 to 30, and 56 to 60 days after injury. Results E2 levels in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group at 1 to 3, 5 to 7, 10 to 14, and 28 to 30 days after injury (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the E2 level between the 2 groups at 56 to 60 days after injury (P > 0.05) . Compared with 1 to 3 days, the E2 level was significantly decreased in the experimental group at other time points (P < 0. 05), while there was no significant difference in the E2 level in the control group among each time point (P > 0. 05). PRL level in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group at all time points. In particular, the PRL level in the experimental group was significantly increased at 5 to 7, 10 to 14 and 28 to 30 days after injury, compared with that at 1 to 3 days after injury (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the PRL level between 56 to 60 days and 1 to 3 days (P > 0. 05). Additionally, the PRL level did not change in the control group at all time points (P > 0.05). Time of fracture healing in the experimental group was significantly shorter than in the control group, while the time of hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly longer than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion E2 and PRL levels increase remarkably in the young females with cerebral trauma combined with extremity long tubular bone fracture at an early onset stage.

Objective To characterize the expressiou of c-fos and c-jun in traumatic brain injury combined with tibial fracture in rats.Methods One hundred and twenty male SD rats were randomized into equal 2 groups (n =60).Models of traumatic brain injury combined with tibial fracture were established in the experimental group while models of simple tibial fracture in the control group.After animal cerebral cortex and tissues of fracture proximal ends were sampled,qPCR techniques were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of c-fos and c-jun at 6 time points of 1 h,3 h,5 h,1 w,3 wand4w (n=10) in both experimental and control groups.Results There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the expression levels of c-jun or c-fos gene in the cerebral cortex or tibial samples at 1 h,3 h,5 h,1 w,3 w or 4 weeks after fracture (P ＞ 0.05).The expression of c-fos in the cerebral cortex peaked at 1 h in both groups (8.98 ± 3.06 & 8.48 ± 1.74),showing significant differences between the peak values and the low levels at other time points (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-jun in the cerebral cortex peaked at 4 w in both groups (3.94 ±0.59 & 3.91 ±0.41),showiug significant differences from other time points (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of c-fos in the tibial samples peaked at 1 w in both groups (1.99 ±0.27 & 1.94 ±0.27) and that of c-jun did too at 1 w in both groups (3.95 ±0.41 & 3.86 ±0.43),showing significant differences from other time points (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high expression levels of c-fos and c-jun in the brain tissue may not be associated with the high expression levels of c-fos and c-jun in the fracture region.