This paper was aimed to study the albiflorin activity of Tang-Bi-Kang (TBK) granules in protecting Schwann cells (SCs) of rat's sciatic nerve.The establishment of SCs oxidative stress model was the condition of 150 mmol×L-1 Dglucose with different concentrations.And the incubation time was 48 h.The experiment groups were the high-dose,middle-dose and low-dose (100 μM,20 μM,4 μM) albiflorin group,the model group,the vitamin C (100 μM) group,and the normal group.Flow cytometry was used to detect the content of ROS in SCs.Fluorescence microscope was used to observe the condition of ROS fluorescence in SCs.And CCK-8 was used to detect the cell activity.The results showed that by using CCK-8 to detect cell proliferation,after 48 h,there was a significant difference between the model group and the normal group (P＜0.01);the albiflorin group compared with the model group (P＜0.01).It indicated that albiflorin can promote the proliferation of SCs.Detecting the ROS fluorescence content,it showed that compared with the model group (Glu 150 mM),the 100 μM,20 μM,and 4 μM albiflorin group,it was P＜0.01 for each group.It showed that albiflorin could relieve the ROS in SCs and alleviate oxidative stress.It was concluded that albiflorin can increase the proliferation of SCs and improve the state of oxidative stress with the protection of SCs.

Through comprehensively characterizing components in blood after oral administration of Tang-Bi-Kang (TBK) granules by UPLC-ESI-MSn,this study was aimed to explain the pharmaceutical material basis of TBK initially.UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap was used under both positive and negative ion modes of electrospray ionization.The blank serum and rat serum after oral administration of TBK were analyzed.Components in rat serum were identified and characterized based on ion fragment information,evenelectron law,nitrogen rule and so on.Reference data was used to establish the UPLC-ESI-MSn method.The results showed that after oral administration of TBK granules,15 components were detected in the serum,of which 13 components were taken as the prototype to blood and 2 metabolites.It was concluded that constituents of TBK granules in rat serum were generated from compatibility of all herbal medicines.In rat serum,most of the components had been absorbed by rat's metabolism;a few were absorbed as the prototype.This research provided references for pharmacodynamic material basis and metabolism of TBL granules in vivo.

This paper was aimed to study the effect of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta on the gene and protein of insulin significant signal IRS-1 and Akt in insulin resistance (IR) HepG2 cells.The CCK-8 method was used to detect the HepG2 cell activity.HepG2 cells of human liver cancer were cultured with high concentration insulin (10-6 mol· L-1)for 36 hours to establish IR cell model.According to the results of CCK-8,the control group,model (IR) group,ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta IR + 50 μg· mL-1,IR + 500 μg· mL-1 group,and the metformin group were divided.Glucose consumption was measured with a glucose assay kit.The expressions of IRS-1 and Akt gene in IR HepG2 cells were detected by RT-PCR after 6-hour using of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta.Western blot was used to detect the expression of IRS-1 and Akt protein after 6-hour using of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta.The results showed that when the concentration of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta was 500 μg· mL-1,the survival rate reached 95％.When the concentration was higher than 500 μg· mL-1,the survival rate decreased.Compared with the IR group,the IR + 50 μg· mL-1 group and the IR + 500 μg· mL-1 group promoted glucose consumption of IR HepG2 cells,but its effect was less than that of the metformin hydrochloride group.The expression of IRS-1 and Akt in IR HepG2 cells was significantly increased by using RT-PCR in the group of IR + 50 μg· mL-1 and IR + 500 μg·mL-1 compared with the IR group after 6-hour using of ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta.The expression of IRS-1 and Akt protein in the group of IR + 50 μg· mL-1 and IR + 500 μg· mL-1 was significantly higher than that in the IR group after 6-hour medication detected by western blot.It was concluded that the ethyl acetate extracts of Gentianella acuta can increase the expression of IRS-1,Akt gene,the expression of IRS-1 and Akt protein in HepG2 cells,which may be the mechanism of IR improvement.

In this study, a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Bama miniature pig herd was established.The standards for breeding experimental pigs, genetic test and microbiological quality control had been drafted.The local standards of Heilongjiang province SPF technical specifications for microbiological monitoring of pigs had been formulated.The genetic and microbiological quality criterion had been used to control of the SPF pig herd.Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection models of Bama miniature pigs were established, especially the infection miniature pig model of PRRSV was used to evaluated commercially vaccine.The comparison of the cytokine homology between Bama miniature pigs and domestic pigs showed that the Bama miniature pigs can be used to instead of domestic pigs as an ideal experiental animal.At present the SPF Bama miniature pig colonies have been widely used to study the mechanism of prevention and pathogenic in the classical swine fever virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine circovirus and so on.The completion of the project solved the bottleneck problem of the experimental pig usage which provided a new ideal experimental animal for animal disease and life science research.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Tangbikang Granules; To scientifically evaluate and effectively control the quality of Tangbikang Granules; To ensure its production stability. Methods HPLC was performed on the column of Germany Merck RP-18 endcapped (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid water; column temperature was 40 ℃; flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength was 240 nm; volume injection was 20 μL. Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation Software (edition 2004A) of Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission was used to evaluate the similarity of the 10 batches of Tangbikang Granules, and to analyze the correlations of 9 ingredients in Tangbikang Granules. Results Wogonoside was used as the reference peak, and the common mode for the HPLC fingerprints was set up. The similarities of the 10 batches of Tangbikang Granules were above 0.930, and altogether 25 common peaks in the chromatograms were found, of which 18 peaks were assigned to Chinese materia medica in Tangbikang Granules. Conclusion The method has good separability and is accurate and simple, which can provide references for the quality control of Tangbikang Granules.

Objective To investigate the current status of reproductive history among married women and the mortality rate of children under 5 years.Influence of reproductive history among married women on mortality rate of their children under 5 years in rural areas in Shaanxi province was also studied.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on reproductive history and mortality rate of their children under 5 years of age in five Fourth National-Level Poverty-Stricken counties in Shaanxi province.Sample under study was chosen according to the three-stage stratified random sampling technique.Results A total number of 4 732 married women were studied,with the average age of first birth as 23.65 years,the average parity as 1.49,the average spacing between first and second child birth as 6.96 years and the average spacing between second and third child birth as 3.98years.In children under 5 years of age among the surveyed women in 2007-2010,32.19％ of the deaths in children under 5 years of age occurred during infancy while 70.21％ of the infant deaths occurred during neonatal period.The mortality rates (1/1000) for newborns,infants and children under 5 years were 6.71‰,9.55‰,29.67‰ respectively.Infant mortality rate of mother with multiple births was higher than the singletons (x2=6.057,P=0.014).Parity differences in mortality rate of children under 5 years were significant (x2=17.469,P＜0.001) and interval differences of births on infant mortality rate were also significant (x2=13.137,P=0.001).Conclusion Fertility of rural women in Shaanxi was in good condition.The proportion that infant death was accounted for the total deaths of children under 5 years had declined,but the neonatal deaths still accounted for a big proportion of infant deaths.Infant mortality rate and mortality rate of children under 5 years old had declined,when compared to the national level in 2000,however,it was still higher than the city level.In terms of the fertility characteristics in women as multiple births,more parity and short spacing of births etc,were important factors of death of their children under 5 years of age.

Objective To explore the effect of maternal animal sourced food intake during pregnancy on neonate birth weight and provide scientific basis for guiding the reasonable diet intake in pregnant women and increasing neonate birth weight.Methods Data were derived from a cross-sectional project of "the prevalence and risk factors of birth defects in Shaanxi province",which were conducted in 30 counties in Shaanxi province from July to November in 2013.A stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select women who were pregnant between January 2010 and December 2013 for a random semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire survey to collect the data on the frequency and amount of food consumption on animal protein sources and the data of newborns.Children aged 0-1 years and their mothers were selected as the study subjects.The generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationship between the neonate birth weight and maternal animal sourced food intake during pregnancy,and by using neonate birth weight as dependent variable,food intake frequency as independent variable,three adjustment models were established for stratified analysis.Results Totally 11 459 participants were involved in this study.The average birth weight of newborn was (3 279.9 ± 454.6) g,the average weekly intake of animal sourced foods was 4.00 times for egg,1.50 times for meat,3.00 times for dairy foods,0.50 times for fish and 5.00 times for overall animal sourced foods in pregnant women.Without stratification,three models shown that meat and overall animal sourced food intake had effects on neonate birth weight.After adjustment for gestational weeks,maternal age,social and demographic factors and others,meat intake increased by 1 time a week,the increase of neonate birth weight was about 5.26 (95％ CI:1.32-9.20) g,and the overall animal food increased by 1 times a week,the average neonate birth weight increased by 3.24 (95％ CI:1.09-5.39) g.Stratified analysis showed that meat and overall animal sourced food always had more influences on baby girls and those living in rural area.In the region classification,the overall animal sourced food intake had more influences on women living in northern area and Guanzhong area of Shaanxi,and meat intake had greater influence on women living in southern Shaanxi.And the influences were positive,the more animal sourced foods were taken,the greater the birth weight increased.Conclusion Animal sourced food intake during pregnancy would benefit the increase of neonate birth weight.It suggests that pregnant women should pay more attention to the intake of animal sourced food.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a clinical syndrome characterized by persistent proteinuria and progressive decline in renal function, and is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. With the in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of DN, the role of intestinal flora imbalance in the disease has been found clinically. This suggests that restoring the host′s healthy gut flora may be a means of improving DN. In fact, recent studies have shown that many of the drugs currently used to treat DN affect gut microbiota composition. In this review, intestinal flora is regarded as one of the main factors affecting the development of DN, and DN therapy targeting intestinal flora is summarized to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of DN.