OBJECTIVE:To analyze the results of Procurement System implementation in Ningxia Rural Areas.METHODS:Typical sampling method selected 4 township hospitals of Xiji county and Pengyang county in Ningxia as a sample,through qualitative and quantitative methods to design the questionnaire and interview outline.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:during 06～08 years,the actual bidding variety of rural drugs accounted in Ningxia move gradually decreased the percentage of species;township hospitals in drug revenues decreased year by year the proportion of total income;drugs out of stock is serious;drugs are few,temporarily not bidding drugs are in high price;common drugs bidding directory is small;rural health room staff are paid lowly.Recommendating to establish a sound procurement system to make it better.

Objective: To measure the equalization of urban and rural essential medical services in Ningxia. Methods: To apply the Theil Index and its decomposition by using population as the weight and the distance as the weight of index of essential medical resource allocation. Results: Significant difference was found in urban and rural essential medical service in Ningxia, the contribution rate among regional differences was high. Conclusion: Non equivalence of essential medical service is serious between urban and rural areas in Ningxia. It is suggested to improve the quality of the rural medical staffs, implement the training and qualification appraisal system, set up a remote consultation system to increase the medical resource sharing, implement medical and health care policies and open essential medical function of essential medical services.

Objective To analyze the inputs and outputs of Health Human Resource for County -level Hos-pitals in Western China , discuss the reasons for low efficiency and quality , and provide references for improving the efficiency and quality of health human resources .Methods Using rank-sum ratio to evaluate the health human re-sources of 33 county -level hospitals of 11 provinces in western China , and to compare the evaluation results . Results In the comprehensive analysis of human input and output of health human resources between 11 provinces , according to the health human resources efficiency level of 11 provinces into third gear:a hard stop ( high-grade):Sichuan, Guangxi;second gear (mid-range): Gansu, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Ti-bet, Xinjiang;third gear (low-grade):Qinghai.Conclusion In the nationwide perspective , the efficiency of the western provinces of health human resources is lower , and we need to take measures to improve the efficiency of health human resources .

Objective: This study aims to analyze the outpatient prescriptions in primary rural health institutions in western China to reveal the feature and disadvantages of utilization of Chinese patent medicines in rural areas.Methods: A total of 14336 prescriptions were selected from 132 health institutions in rural areas of 7 provinces in western China in 2011.The utilization of Chinese patent medicines is described and compared to the health institutions in different levels and different provinces/autonomous regions.Results: The prescriptions of Chinese patent medicines accounted for 62.47% of the total prescriptions in rural health facilities.The proportion of county, township and village medical institutions was 49.76%, 56.96% and 71.51% respectively.86.84% of the Chinese patent medicines prescriptions were prescribed by physicians without traditional Chinese medicine background, while only 13.16% of them were traditional Chinese medicine physicians.The number of varieties of Chinese patent medicines in a single prescription in county, township and village health institutions were 1.38, 1.91 and 2.54, respectively and the average drug costs of every prescription in these health institutions were 52.20 yuan, 21.89 yuan and 19.37 yuan, respectively.Conclusions: There are differences in the utilization of Chinese patent medicines in outpatient prescriptions of rural health institutions in western China.The hospitals in higher medical level use more Chinese patent medicines.The drug cost of the prescription of county health institutions is higher than that of township and village hospitals.This study suggests that health policy should be adjusted based on the specific needs and characteristics of rural health institutions at a different level and should be implemented in the management of prescription in quality control.

Objective The objective of this paper is to statistically analyze what influence can the utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have on healthcare expenses of inpatients, and to investigate whether TCM has an advantage of reducing healthcare expenses among certain diseases.Method: Inpatient medical records from 13 public general hospitals in Ningxia Hui autonomous region were collected to set up a database.A multiple linear regression models was established and used to analyze the impact of using TCM on hospitalization expenses.Results: The findings have shown that inpatients who apply TCM have significantly higher hospitalization expenses, with an estimated average of ?8 276.24, while those who do not apply TCM in their treatment spend ?7 254.59 on average (P=0.000).When the proportion of TCM expense higher than 10% of total drug expense, inpatients who apply the TCM have lower hospitalization expenses.In addition, hospitalization expenses decrease with the increase of TCM proportion.Among the diseases of the ear and mastoid disease, diseases of the circulatory system, and certain conditions originating in the perinatal period, inpatients who apply TCM have significant lower hospitalization expense (P=0.000).Hospitalization expense of inpatients who do not apply TCM is twice as much as that of those who apply TCM in the treatment of among diseases of the circulatory system, which has the largest TCM proportion.Conclusion: Only when applying TCM as main therapy can provide price advantage of TCM in the circulatory system caused by chronic diseases, and other advantages of treatment.

Objective To analyze the medical undergraduates'employment intentions and determinants for policy recommendations on how to solve the contraction between the employment and human resources shortage working in the rural place.Methods Descriptive method was used for the employment recognition and unconditional logistic regression was employed for its factors analysis.Results 74.90% interviewees were not high for policy recognition,and only 21.16% undergraduates were willing to work in rural area.Logistic regression analysis found local culture and life environment (OR=2.668),institute performance(OR=0.630)and work challenge(OR=1.509)were key factors to affect their employment.Conclusion To give reform of primary institute performance mainly on pubic health service,take great importance on the medical service,improve work and life environment of rural workers and highly care health workers'career planning and development.

Objective To discuss changes of serum Interleukin-1β, 6 and 10(IL-1β, 6 and 10﹚levels of children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD﹚ before and after medical treatment. Methods All 60 cases of children with HFMD were selected as observation group. The children in observation group were divided into light symptom group (n=32 cases﹚ and heavy symptom group (n=28 cases﹚. The children in observation group were given routine basic medical treatment, such like antivirus, defervesce, nutrition support and etc for 5 days. The changes of serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels in children with HFMD were observed and recorded before and 5 days after the medical treatment. 30 cases of healthy children, who were taking the physical examination were additionally selected as control group. Results The serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children in observation group were obviously higher than those in control group (P<0.01﹚. The serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children in light symptom group were obviously lower than those in heavy symp-tom group(P<0.01﹚. After 5 days’ medical treatment, the serum serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children in observa-tion group were obviously declined than before (P<0.05﹚. Conclusion The abnormal rising of serum IL-1β, 6 and 10 levels of children with HFMD indicates that the proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors’ network levels disorder ex-ist in children with HFMD at early stage, which show immunologic suppression and hyperfunction existing at the same time and incur mixed antagonist reaction of body injury type.