Objective To study the clinical features and treatment of unilateral multicentric breast cancer.Methods The clinical data of 14 cases of unilateral multicentric breast cancer,which were found from July,2004 to December,2007 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsSix cases(42.9%) had infiltrating lobular carcinoma,and the other 8 cases(57.1%) were invasive ductal carcinoma.The number of cancer focus was 2 to 9,and with a diameter of 0.5-4.3 cm.The focus in 12 cases were located in upper lateral quadrant;1 case was located in the upper medial and lateral quadrant;1 case was located in the upper lateral quadrants,the junction area of upper medial and upper lateral quadrants,and between upper lateral quadrant and lower lateral quadrants.One patient was treated by breast conservation operation,with no recurrence at 3-5 years follow-up;while the other 13 cases received modified radical operation,and with no recurrence at 2-37 months of follow-up.ConclusionsUnilateral multicentric breast cancer are often distributed in the same quadrant or adjacent quadrants of breast,and the majority cases are with invasive ductal carcinoma.For treatment of these lesions were a modified radical operation combine with comprehensive treatment.

In order to investigate the changes in the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/ERK2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), 52 patients with rheumatic heart diseases were examined. Nineteen patients had chronic persistent AF (AF > or = 6 months, CAF), 12 patients had paroxymal AF (PAF) and 21 patients had no history of AF. The ERK expression was detected at the mRNA level by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, at the protein level by Western blotting and at atrial tissue level by immunohistochemistry. ERK-activating kinases (MEK1/2) and ACE were determined by Western blotting techniques. The expression of ERK2-mRNA was increased in the patients with CAF (74 +/- 19 U vs sinus rhythm: 32 +/- 24 U, P < 0.05). Activated ERK1/ERK2 and MEK1/2 were increased to more than 150% in the patients with AF compared to those with sinus rhythm. No significant difference between CAF and PAF was found. The expression of ACE was three-fold increased in the patients with CAF compared to those with sinus rhythm. Patients with AF showed an increased expression of ERK1/ERK2 in atrial interstitial cells and marked atrial fibrosis. An ACE-dependent increase in the amounts of activated ERK1/ERK2 in atrial interstitial cells may be one of molecular mechanisms for the development of atrial fibrosis in the patients with AF. These findings may have important impact on the treatment of AF.
Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; enzymology ; etiology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Heart Atria ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; complications

OBJECTIVETo review the re-examination sampling method and procedure of national immunization survey for the national immunization program vaccines coverage at the township level by the national level in 2013, China.

METHODSAccording to the result of immunization coverage at the township level through self-assessment by county, all townships were stratified by whether a township with ≥ 90% immunization coverage for the second dose of measles-containing vaccines (MCV2), and a township was urban or rural. After then, 2 townships for each province were randomly sampled from those strata through the surveyselect procedure of the statistics analysis system 9.2 (SAS 9.2).

RESULTS64 townships were randomly sampled from 32 provincial units for the re-examination, i.e. an urban township and a rural township each province, of which there were 38 townships with ≥ 90% MCV2 coverage and 26 townships with < 90% MCV2 coverage. There were 24 urban townships, 2 rural townships with < 90% MCV2 coverage and 8 urban townships, 30 rural townships with ≥ 90% MCV2 coverage, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSBased on the information of the self-assessment result of immunization coverage survey by counties, Stratified randomized sampling were employed for the re-examination through the Surveyselect procedure of statistics analysis system (SAS) to implement the sampling procedure. This can enhance the sampling efficiency, ensure the randomness of the sample, and make the survey much more representative and comparable.

China ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunization Programs ; statistics & numerical data ; Measles Vaccine ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Vaccination ; statistics & numerical data ; Vaccines