This article analyzed the entry qualification,organization system,teacher training selection standard,assessment methods,training materials and continuous authentication system about existing emergency nurse training base in our country.The study put forward that optimization of base training system and the organization scheme,establish and improve relevant laws system are the urgent problems in the training base of emergency nurses.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on aphasia recovery after stroke. Meth-ods From April, 2012 to January, 2013, 20 aphasic patients after stroke were enrolled in an A-B experiment design. During phase A, ten times of sham tDCS and language training (five days a week) were implemented, then ten times language training combined with tDCS (five days a week) were implemented in phase B. The treatment lasted for four weeks. Picture naming was measured for all patients before and af-ter treatment both in phase A and phase B. Results The D-value scores of picture naming before and after treatment were significantly more in phase B than in phase A in both treatment items and non-treatment items (t>3.030, P<0.05). Conclusion tDCS could raise the accuracy of picture naming in patients with aphasia after stroke.

Objective To research the effects of establishing core system key risk index in reducing adverse events. Methods Analyzed the causes of the 147 adverse events in 2014. Including the core system implementation of the reasons for the end of the adverse events caused, the data of fundamental reasons in adverse events and the high risk link that because nurses don′t practice the core system. In 2015, randomly checked the 29 nursing units, including 27 wards and emergency outpatient transfusion room, ICU. Contains the implement rates of the core system in transfusion treatment, day and night shifts, doctors′ advice and patients′ identification. In order to quarterly analysis the index and pertinently improve the results, assessors of quality administration council, head nurse in endemic area and attendant watch keeper are chosen to gather index data. Results After one year of management, the key aspects of the core system execution qualified rate has reached 95%, the check of the implementation of the system, the total pass rate compared with before had increased 6.94%, orders execution system implementation of a qualified rate had increased 9.33%, patient identification system implementation of qualified rate had increased 4.29%, the qualified rate of change of comparison the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After the establishment of the core system key risk index management, the adverse events had decreased 11.06%(P < 0.05). Conclusion The establishment of the core system key risk index management can effectively improve the implement rates and reduce the nurse adverse events.

Clinical decision-making is a series of activities of medical scheme selection, which determines the direction of medical behavior and the level of patients' welfare. In practice, clinical decision-making is not only restricted by medical technology factors, but also by non-technical factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and predict the possible influence of non-technical factors in clinical decision-making. Game theory is a scientific system of strategic choice, which can effectively predict and analyze the impact of non-technical factors on clinical decision-making process. According to the game analysis results between doctors and patients, medical management and pharmaceutical enterprises, we can predict the non-technical impacts in clinical decision-making and their influence paths, guide clinical decision-makers to choose excellent strategies, abide by rationality and give up moderately, so as to improve the level of clinical decision-making and the welfare of patients.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, biological tissue engineering is a growing field of research. Biocompatibility is a key indicator for measuring tissue engineering biomaterials, which is of great significance for the replacement and repair of damaged tissues. METHODS: In this study, using gelatin, carboxymethyl chitosan, and sodium alginate, a tissue engineering material scaffold that can carry cells was successfully prepared. The material was characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the prepared scaffolds have physicochemical properties, such as swelling ratio, biodegradability.we observed the biocompatibility of the hydrogel to different adult stem cells (BMSCs and ADSCs) in vivo and in vitro. Adult stem cells were planted on gelatin-carboxymethyl chitosan-sodium alginate (Gel/SA/CMCS) hydrogels for 7 days in vitro, and the survival of stem cells in vitro was observed by live/died staining. Gel/SA/CMCS hydrogels loaded with stem cells were subcutaneously transplanted into nude mice for 14 days of in vivo culture observation. The survival of adult stem cells was observed by staining for stem cell surface markers (CD29, CD90) and Ki67. RESULTS: The scaffolds had a microporous structure with an appropriate pore size (about 80 lm). Live/died staining showed that adult stem cells could stably survive in Gel/SA/CMCS hydrogels for at least 7 days. After 14 days of culture in nude mice, Ki67 staining showed that the stem cells supported by Gel/SA/CMCS hydrogel still had high proliferation activity. CONCLUSION Gel/SA/CMCSs hydrogel has a stable interpenetrating porous structure, suitable swelling performance and degradation rate, can promote and support the survival of adult stem cells in vivo and in vitro, and has good biocompatibility. Therefore, Gel/SA/CMCS hydrogel is a strong candidate for biological tissue engineering materials.

OBJECTIVE To provide insights for enhancing the supply assurance capability of drugs in shortage in China. METHODS By sorting out top-level design ideas for Japan’s stable supply system for pharmaceuticals， this study elaborates on its current policies for stabilizing drug supply. Policy suggestions were proposed for existing challenges in the supply of drugs in shortage in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS To stabilize drug supply， Japan formulated a systematic 3-tier policy framework that ran through pre-prevention， early risk monitoring， and response mechanisms for supply problems. Pre-prevention measures included establishing a graded classification system for stable supply lists， strengthening government control over the drug production process， and implementing a continuous supply system and cessation reporting system for post-market drugs. Early risk monitoring included self-assessing risks in enterprises， disclosing information concerning supply assurance of enterprises， and providing enterprises with price protection and incentives measures. Response mechanisms for supply problems included establishing the mechanism of increasing production and coordinated supply in enterprises， opening fast-track review and approval channels for changes in raw materials， and establishing emergency systems of transferring drugs to supply. To balance supply assurance and strong regulation of drugs in shortage through refining the incentive and regulatory policies for them， it is recommended to refine the criteria for selecting drugs in shortage， strengthen the circulation of information， optimize price management methods， and clarify problem feedback and solving.

ObjectiveTo describe a COVID-19 outbreak due to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in a school and provide suggestions for COVID-19 prevention and control. MethodsData on the COVID-19 outbreak in a school in Putuo District of Shanghai were collected from November 14 to December 20， 2022. Epidemiological characteristics， incidence rate of secondary cases and response measures were described and analyzed. ResultsA total of 27 COVID-19 cases were identified infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.2 variant， including 14 students （51.9%） and 13 family members / teachers living with those students （48.1%）. The first case occurred on November 14， with peak incidence during November 16-18. The median generation interval of the second generation cases was 2 （2，3） days. The index case （case 1， a student） had a clear contact history outside the school， which was found through routine examination in key populations in the school. Immediate management was conducted after the notification. All the second generation cases were exposed students in the same class with case 1， which were identified during the quarantine， whereas the third generation cases were their family members/teachers living with the second generation cases. The incidence rate within the class and school were 36.8% and 3.0%， respectively. No further social transmission was found outside the school. ConclusionEarly detection， multi-sectoral collaboration， prompt control and quarantine measures are effective in containing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Health promotion， surveillance， ventilation and prophylactic disinfection should be reinforced in schools， office buildings and other gathering places.