Bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) is one of the most life-threatening complications in the preterm,especially in very low birth weigh and extremely low birth weigh neonates.Early detection of BPD has not yet been established in clinical practice.With the advent of neonatal bronchoalveolar lavage,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the preterm can be collected soon after birth and the variation of certain inflammatory factors,growth factors,proteins and enzymes has been observed in the fluids.This article reviews the relevant factors that may predict the incidence of BPD in early stage.

Objective To synthesize soybean isoflavones, and their 7-alkaline analogues and to evaluate their uterotrophic activities and anti-uterotrophic activities preliminarily. Methods The target molecules were synthesized by multi-step from resorcinol and p-substituted phenylacetic acid as the starting material. Their uterotrophic activities and anti-uterotrophic activities were evaluated by female mouse at the concentration of 1.1?10 -2 ?mol/ml and 1.85?10 -3 ?mol/ml. Results Twenty-two compounds were synthesized, among which 4 intermediates and 12 isoflavones are new compounds. Conclusion All the target molecules except for 6a show weak uterotrophic activities and high anti-uterotrophic activities.

BACKGROUND:During the restoration of residual molar crown, a little part of tooth is still remained commonly. After the restoration, with various forces, stress distribution affects directly the results after restoration. Finite element method is gradually applied in stress analysis on artificial tooth.OBJECTIVE: To establish the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model of post-inlay restoration of the first residual mandibular molar crown so as to provide experimental data for improving model establishment of complicated teeth and analysis on the property of stress distribution of restoring methods.DESIGN: Repeated observation and measurement were given.SETTING: Department of Stomatology and Department of Radiology of First Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University;Department of Solid Mechanics,College of Traffics and Communications, South China University of Technology; Department of Restoration of Guanghua College of Stomatology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Department of Solid Mechanics, College of Traffics and Communications of South China University of Technology from November 2003 to December 2004. Six first mandibular molars on the right side with normal morphology in vitro were collected, and Toshiba Xpress/SX spiral CT machine, image photo synthesis software and finite element analysis software ANSYS were applied in the experiment.METHODS: 1 of the 6 first mandibular molars on the right side with normal morphology in vitro was selected for pulpectomy, which was the best in density and near to clinical requirement in morphology. With pulpectomy, the prosthesis of braking-lock post-inlay restoration was prepared. Spiral CT-cross scanning was performed in premolar crown before the restoration, the residual crown with post-inlay in main root canal after restoration and the residual crown with braking-lock second post-inlay restoration. With image photosynthesis software, 3-D digital model of residual tooth and metal part was established and the entire tooth model was prepared after adhesion of two parts. In order to provide better boundary conditions of simulated natural tooth in practice, alveolar bone was considered. Under Mesh order in ANSYS software, automatic mesh generation was performed in the model directly.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Establishment of 3-D finite element models of residual tooth before restoration, post inlay, and alveolar bone and tooth after restoration and the results of mesh generation.RESULTS: By establishing 3-D finite element models of residual tooth before restoration, post inlay, alveolar bone and tooth after restoration and automatic mesh generation, there were altogether 117720 units and 20988nodes. Good geometric similarity presents between the construction model of 3-D finite element model and solid tissue.CONCLUSION: Combination of 3-D finite-element model with spiral Ctcross technology establishes complex dental models, simulates practical conditions authentically and is good in operation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and cognitive dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods A case-control study was performed,consisting of 128 patients with COPD(68 patients without cognitive dysfunction and 60 patients with cognitive dysfunction) and 70 normal controls.All patients with COPD were diagnosed by pulmonary function tests and plasma levels of NGAL and ET-1 were determined by enzyme immunoassay.The cognitive function was evaluated by the MMSE and MoCA.Results ①Compared with normal control,the levels of plasma NGAL and ET-1 were increased(NGAL:(2.20±0.60) μg/L vs (1.69±0.73) μg/L,P＜0.05;ET-1:(26.19± 10.55)pg/ml vs (13.05±2.37) pg/ml,P＜0.05) in COPD patients without cognitive dysfunction and in COPD patients with cognitive dysfunction(NGAL:(3.80±2.75) μg/L vs (1.69±0.73) μg/L,P＜0.01;ET-1:(37.82±0.29) pg/ml vs (13.05±2.37) pg/ml,P＜0.01).Compared with the COPD patients without cognitive dysfunction,the levels of plasma NGAL and ET-1 were also increased in COPD patients with cognitive dysfunction (all P＜0.05).②The plasma NGAL levels were correlated negatively with MMSE scores(r=-0.524,P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with MoCA scores (r=-0.527,P＜0.05).The plasma ET-1 levels were negatively correlated with MMSE scores(r=-0.549,P＜0.05),and negatively correlated with MoCA scores(r=-0.558,P＜0.05).The levels of NGAL and ET-1 were positively correlated(r=0.564,P＜0.05).Conclusion NGAL and ET-1 may be involved in the pathophysiological process of cognitive dysfunction in patients with COPD,which provides a certain clinical value for the assessment of cognitive dysfunction in patients with COPD.

objective To investigate the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisma (SNP)rsl0053538 and r810515746 in Tim-3(T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein 3) gene promoter region and child allergic asthma in Chinese Han population from Hubei province by using faro-ily-based association study．Methods Cenotypes of 2 SNPs(rs10053538 and rs10515746)within Tim-3 gene in 118 allergic flsthma nuclear pedigrees were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism and DNA sequencing．Two family-based designs，transmission disequilibrium test(TDT)and haplotype-based haplotype relaive risk(HRR)were employed for the data analysis．Haplotypes and their frequencies in 118 nuclear pedigrees were established and analyzed by Transmit software．Results The HRR analysis showed no increased risks of contracting the disease owing to rs10053538 and rs10515746 polymorphisma of Tim-3 promoter in our 118 tries(X2=2．430，P>0．05；x2=1．368，P>O．05)．N0 transmission disequilibrium was found from heterozygous parents onto patients in our 118 tries analyzed by TDT(x2=2．042，P>0．05；X2=0．750，P>0．05)．The haplotype analysis also showed no biased transmission of rs10053538 and rs10515746 haplotypes from parents to the affected offsprings(P>0．05)．Condusion The two SNPs rs10053538 and rs10515746 in Tim-3 gene promoter region are not associated with susceptibility to child allergic asthma in Chinese Han population from Hubei province．

Two cases of nevus of Ota resistant to multiple sessions of Q-switched laser treatment are reported.Both of the patients were females,who developed beige or blue patches on the left side of the face (zygomatic region,cheek)several months after birth.No conjunctiva or sclera was involved.The lesions spread to the left retroauricular region and posterior neck during pregnancy in one patient.Histopathological examination of the lesions showed scattered melanocytes and melanophages in lower dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue as well as apparent proliferation of collagen.Immunostaining for CD34 showed no abnormality in the distribution of vascular endothelial cells in these tissues.No obvious improvement was observed in either of the patient after more than 10 sessions(12 sessions in 1 case,and 13 sessions in the other case)of treatments with Q-switched alexandrite(755 nm)or Q-switched Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm).The immediate response of lesions to laser irradiation was unusual.Purpura or errhysis was absent in the lesions after repetitive irradiation with high-energy laser,but both were visible in the adjacent normal skin even after irradiation with low-energy laser.

Objective To explore a new training method of nursing skills under 24 hours shift system in the practical training base in the college. Methods The practical training base in the college was rebuilt into a simulated hospital. 120 three-year-course nursing students in grade 2007 were divided into the control class and the experimental class with 60 students in each class. The control class adopted routine teaching method, including teacher demonstration, single project training, concentrated training before clinical practice. The experimental class participated in the tutoring mode of nursing skills under 24 hours shift system in simulated hospital. The cases were pre-designed and students acted as patients by tums. One teacher led 4 students into nursing skill training by day shift, evening shift and mid-night shift. The teaching effect was compared between two classes. Results There was significant difference between the two groups in comprehensive technique test and graduation theoretical test score. Clinical nursing teachers thought the skill training in simulated hospital under 24 hours shift system can help students prepare for the nursing work in hospital ahead of time and improve their comprehensive capability. Conclusions Training mode of nursing skills in simulated hospital under 24 hours shift system is feasible for enhancing nursing skills.

Objective To investigate the dose-effect relationship between Q-switch ruby laser and skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs. Methods Ten Guinea pigs were included in this study, and the back of each pig was divided into 5 areas, negative control area receiving no UVB irradiation or laser treatment, positive control area receiving UVB irradiation but no laser treatment, low-, middle- and high-dose areas receiving UVB irradiation followed by the treatment with laser at an energy density of 1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 J/cm2 for 4, 2, and 1 session, respectively, with an interval of 1 week. Melanin content index (MCI) was determined, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and histopathology were performed to observe melanin granules and melanocytes in the skin tissue from Guinea pigs before the initial laser treatment, 2 and 4 weeks after the final laser treatment. Results The best response was observed in the low-dose areas, and there was a complete clearance of hyperpigmentation in these areas, which maintained 8 weeks without recurrence, while different degrees of skin pigmentation recurred in the middle- and high-dose areas. Moreover, the low-dose areas showed a significantly lower melanin content index (MCI) compared with the middle- and high-dose areas (F = 4.2,P < 0.05), together with a marked reduction in the extent of pigment deposition, melanin granules, melanocyte number and density. Conclusions The efficacy of Q-switched ruby laser on skin pigmentation in Guinea pigs is correlated with the energy density and treatment frequency, and, low intensity and high frequency are often associated with a better treatment outcome.

Aim To investigate the effect of piperazinyl estrone(PE) on estrogen receptor expression and the transcriptional regulation of target genes.Methods Ovariectomized mice were given with PE in different doses (0.5 mg·kg~(-1),1 mg·kg~(-1),2 mg·kg~(-1))and estrone(0.71 mg·kg~(-1)) for 42 days,the protein expressions of Ers(Erαand Erβ)were shown by immunohistochemical method; To study transcriptional regulation of PE, PACT2-hERα and ERE2-TATA-LUC were co-transfected into MCF-7 cells by using Tfx 50 cationic liposome.Results Compared with ovx group, the groups with PE could up-regulate Ers of uteri in a dose-dependent manner,but its effect on Erα subtype was obvious.The classical ER signaling pathways could be activated by PE in co-transfected MCF-7 cells,but activation of PE was feebler than estrone with the same dose.Conclusion PE can up-regulate estrogen receptors in uteri. PE can transactivate ERE reportor gene through Erα and Erβ in MCF-7 cells, but its effect is feeble.

Objective To analyze the nursing interventions of two kinds of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL),so that we can provide personalized service for patients with PCNL and improved quality of nursing. Methods 140 cases of patients undergoing PCNL were chosen from January 2010 to January 2012.70 of them received standard PCNL,another 70 cases were given tubeless PCNL.The same nursing method was given before the operation,and personalized nursing was given according to difference in operation method.A self-designed questionnaire was conducted for satisfaction degree with nursing service of all patients on discharge. Results Satisfaction degree with psychological care,catheter nursing and complication nursing of tubeless PCNL was higher than standard PCNL. Conclusions Two methods of PCNL have become conventional therapy for upper urinary calculus,and careful nursing is very important,especially for tubeless PCNL.