Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication of stroke. Its patogenesis is complex, mainly including the mechanisms of neurobiotogy and social psychology. So far, there has been no uniform conclusion both at home and abroad. Now it is considered that PSD is the results of comprehensive effect of various neurobiology and social psychology, and its onset is in accordance with the bio-psycho-social medical model.

Objective:To optimize the formula and preparation process of prepare sorafenib dry suspension and detect the content by HPLC. Methods:The influence of single factor including different fillers, suspending agents, adhesives and disintegrants on the sedimentation rate, redispersibility and drying shrinkage of sorafenib dry suspension was observed. Orthogonal design was used to opti-mize the formula and preparation process of the suspension, and HPLC was used to determine the content of sorafenib. The chromato-graphic column was Inertsil ODS-3 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm), the mobile phase was 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate buffer-aceto-nitrile(28 ∶72), the detection wavelength was 266 nm, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the column temperature was 40℃, and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The optimal formula and preparation process were as follows:sucrose (48%) was used as the filler, xanthan gum (28%) and CMC-Na (12%) were the suspending agents, MCC (10%) was used as the disintegrant, and 6% PVP (in 50% ethanol) was the adhesive. The linear range of sorafenib was 1-100 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8), and the recovery was 98.96%(RSD=0. 75%, n=9). Conclusion:The optimal formula and preparation process are repeatable. The HPLC method is simple and specific, which can be used to determine sorafenib.

Objective:To investigate the in vitro release behavior and stability of diphenyl diester suspension. Methods:The dis-solution of biphenyl diester dry suspension was detected by HPLC, and the effects of different stirring speed (50, 75, 100 r·min-1 ) and different dissolution media (pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer, 0. 05 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution,water,pH 4. 5 acetate buffer) on dissolution were investigated. The influencing factors testing ( high temperature, high humidity and strong light exposure) , accelerated stability testing[the temperature of (37 ± 5) ℃ and the relative humidity of 76％ ± 5％] and long-term stability testing[(25 ± 3) ℃and the relative humidity of 60％ ± 5 ％] of biphenyl diester dry suspension were carried out. Results:The dissolution behavior of bi-phenyl diester suspension in pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer (50 r·min-1 ) was faster and smoother. The results of influencing factors testing showed that biphenyl diester dry suspension should not be stored under the conditions of high temperature and high humidity. After the samples were stored under the conditions of accelerated testing and long-term stability testing for 6 months, the indicators did not change significantly. Conclusion:The in vitro release of prepared biphenyl diester dry suspension meets the requirements with promis-ing stability.

Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) is a pleiotropic nuclear transcriptive factor widely expressed in the nervous system.Recently,studies have demonstrated that NF-?B is also expressed in neural stem cells and may play an important role in their proliferation,migration and differentiation.This article reviews the recent advances in this new research field.

Objective:To forecast the indicators on maternal and child health of China in 2020.Methods: Based on Surveillance data of the indicators on the maternal and child health in China since the 1990s,forecasting models were found using auto-regressive method,and the indicators on maternal and child health in China in 2020 were forecasted using the models after they had been tested and valued.Results: Auto-regressive models on infant mortality rate(IMR),under-5 mortality rate(U5MR) and maternal mortality(MMR) were found.The models and their parameters passed statistical tests,and their mean absolute error was 5% or so and determination coefficients were all more than 90%.Conclusion: The IMR of China in 2020 was forecasted to be 6.35‰,the U5MR 7.37‰ and the MMR 22.21/100 000.

This study explored the accuracy of using visual evoked potentials (VEP) technology for visual acuity estimation. The enrolled 726 patients with post-traumatic unilateral decrease in visual acuity included the injured eyes served as the experimental group, and the healthy eyes as the control group. The least signal visual angle (LSVA), and amplitude and latency of P(100) were chosen as test indexes. The results under different experimental conditions were recorded by PRVEP technology. All data collected were processed and analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the coincidence between subjective and VEP visual acuity was 96.7% in control group, but there was very significant difference in experimental group. It was concluded that with the regression formulation for the amplitude of P(100) and vision under LSVA, visual acuity can be estimated more accurately and impartially.

Objective:To optimize the formula of artesunate dry suspension, and evaluate the quality. Methods:With sedimenta-tion volume ratio, redispersibility and loss on drying as the indices, single factor and orthogonal test were adopted to study the variety and amount of fillers, suspending agents, binders and disintegrating agents to optimize the formula. HPLC was used to determine the content of artesunate in the preparation. Different media and speed were used to investigate the dissolution behavior of artesunate dry suspension. The stability of the preparation was studied under the conditions of temperature (30 ± 2) ℃ and relative humidity (75 ± 5) % for four months. Results:The optimal formula of artesunate dry suspension was as follows: sucrose as the filler, xanthan gum (8%) and CMC-Na (12%) as the suspending agent, MCC (15%) as the disintegrant and 6% PVP K30 (in 50% ethanol solution) as the adhesive. Totally 4 batches of samples were prepared with the optimal formula, and their label contents were all above 95%, the sedimentation volume ratios were all higher than 0. 9 and the dissolution was more than 80% in 20 min. All the indices of samples met the requirements without significant change in 4 months. Conclusion:The preparation process of artesunate dry suspension is simple, reproducible and stable.

BACKGROUND:Bone turnover markers are the products in the blood or urine in the process of bone reconstruction, which can be used to evaluate bone resorption and bone formation rate, thereby indicating potential bone diseases. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of exercise on the levels of bone turnover markers in the blood and urine samples. METHODS:Databases of PubMed and Wangfang were retrieved with key words of“bone formation, bone resorption, alkaline phosphotase, osteocalcin PICP, PINP, hydroxyproline, pyridinoline, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase”by screening titles and abstracts to search papers related to exercise effects on the biological markers of bone formation. Final y, 48 papers were discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The effect of exercise on bone turnover refers to the influence on bone formation and bone resorption. Exercise enhances or inhibits the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and accelerates or delays bone reconstruction by promoting or inhibiting the growth of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In recent years, exercise exhibits more and more influence on the bone. Bone turnover markers compared with bone mineral density show changes earlier. By measuring the levels of bone turnover markers in blood and urine samples, it help us to understand the metabolism of bone tissue, to evaluate bone metabolic state, osteoporosis diagnosis classification, predicting of fracture risk, to observe the curative effect of drug treatment, and to diagnosis the metabolic bone differential disease.

Objective To investigate the change in the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) in the spinal cord neurons in a rat model of chronic morphine tolerance. Methods Forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 9 each) : group I sham operation (group S); group II normal saline (group NS); group Ⅰ morphine (group M); group Ⅳ ketamine (group K) and groupV M + K. In group II - V a catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space at L_(3-5) interspace. The animals were observed for 3 days. The animals with motor or sensory paralysis of the hindlimbs were excluded. NS 40 μl,morphine 20 μg, ketamine 30μg,morphine 20μg + ketamine 30μg were injected via intrathecal catheter twice a day for 7 consecutive days. 50% paw withdrawal threshold and latency (PWT, PWL) of the hindpaw to radiant heat were measured before (T_0, baseline) , on day 1, 3, 5, 7 of (T_(1-4)) and 1 day after (T_5 ) IT drug administration. The rats were sacrificed after last pain threshold measurement. The expression of EAAT3 protein in the spinal cord was determined by Western blotting and immuno-histochemistry. Results The sensitivity of the hindpaw to noxious heat stimulation was significantly decreased during (T_(1,2)) and increased after IT administration (T_(4,5)) in group M and was significantly decreased during and after FT administration (T_(1-5)) in group M + K as compared with the baseline values at T_0 and group S and was significant lower in group M + K than in group M. The expression of EAAT3 protein in the spinal cord was significantly decreased in group M and M + K as compared with group S and was significantly lower in group M than in group M + K. Conclusion The down-regulation of the expression of EAAT3 in the spinal dorsal horn neurons is involved in the development of chronic morphine tolerance and the expression of EAAT3 is down-regulated by morphine partly through the activation of NMDA receptor.

Objective To study the type, characteristics, common complications of the cranio-cerebral injury and assessment for the body impairment in victims involved in road traffic accidents. Method Data from 862 cases with cranio-cerebral injury in road traffic accidents were collected and were statistically analyzed according to injured body part, complication, the type of complications and the severity of injury. Results Compound cranio-cerebral injuries were sustained in 276 cases, brain contusion in 192 cases, skull fracture in 79 cases, intracranial hemorrhage in 91 cases, and scalp injury in 224 cases. The chief complications were identified as hydrocephalus (19,2.20%), epilepsy (l6,1.86%), hemiplegia (14, 1.62%), decerebrate cortical syndrome (12,1.39%). Conclusion Among the cranio-cerebral injuries sustained in the road traffic accidents, compound injury was the commonest insult, in which serious cerebral contusion was the major type of injury. The complications following cranio-cerebral injury should be diagnosed strictly according to the diagnostic standard and identification time, which should be differentiated from the other related diseases.